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Monthly Archives: February 2012
Shrew and Oroonoko
In reading Oroonoko by Aphra Behn in comparison to Taming of the Shrew there are some immediate and apparent resemblances. To begin, people are intentionally punished physically. Oroonoko is an African prince who himself trades slaves (Behn 304). Petruchio punished Kate in the way in which someone would an animal when he professed his plans to train her as he would a falcon: “my falcon now is sharp and passing empty and till she stoop, she must not be full-gorged” (Act 4 Scene 1). This type of behavior seems like something a master would do to his animals, not his wife. While Behn does not go into descriptive details initially regarding the torture of slaves, we know that slavery is a horrific and demeaning way to treat people. Both Oroonoko (primarily) and The Taming of the Shrew show human punishment as if there is nothing wrong with it.
Another critical point is that the simple, fair, peaceful women are who are most desired or at least deemed that way by the majority of the societies in which they lived in. Statements such as “Sweet Bianca! Happy man be his dole!” by Hortensio is the typical male reaction to Bianca as opposed to Kate (Shrew Act 1, Scene 1). Imoinda is referred to as a beautiful treasure: “She is adorned with the most graceful modesty that ever beautified youth..” (Behn 323). Neither strong will nor intelligence is discussed as being personality traits of these women, but yet they appear to be the most desirable to men in their societies. What does this say about what the ideal woman?
Furthermore, there are instances in both the Shrew and Oroonoko where characters move down the hierarchy. In the Shrew, Lucentio (who is a master) decides to dress as his own servant, Tranio, in order to act as a teacher of Bianca. Oroonoko allows himself to be taken as a slave even though he is really a prince and insists upon being dressed like one. Is anyone who they really appear to be?
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The Taming of the Shrew Verses Romney Faces Rebels on the Right and Softness in the Middle
Bianca is to Blank as Romney is to adaptable. When Romney decided to run for president, I doubt he had any (idea) that one small literature classroom would have (cause, reason) to compare him and his campaign with one of Shakespeare’s, plays let alone “The Taming of the Shrew.” Undoubtedly the similarities between Romney as a presidential candidate and his campaign as a whole can be compared to the play from multiple different angles: Bianca’s attitude towards her marriage and courtship is (similar) to Romney’s towards his campaign being as neither one of them have a strong stand or opinion on any one matter…also, Romney’s campaign is much like a courtship and in the same way Romney is having difficulty winning over a majority of republican voters, Petruchio is facing resistance with Katherine. Bianca’s debut in the play was enough to sum up her character. She stands my meekly as her father discusses her future and marriage, she readily agrees to comply to whatever he wishes for her to do by saying “…Sir, to your pleasure humbly I subscribe”. My books and instruments shall be my company, on them to look and practice by myself.”(Act1 Scene 1 Lines 82-84) The young lady never once says how she truly feels about her father’s dictatorial method in choosing how and who she would become betrothed to in other words, she aims to please …much in the same way that Romney aims to please Republican voters by aiming to be the most ‘republican’, republican candidate. Katherine on the other hand is much more fired up about her fate and makes sure her father is aware of this by voicing her thoughts. “I pray you sire, is it your will, To Make a stale of me amongst these mates?(Act1Scene1 lines 58-59). Being as this is the first line Katherine says in the play, the audience is immediately aware of what a spitfire she is…she leaves a lasting impression with her fiery personality. With Bianca on the other hand, besides her beauty, has no other memorable trait. According to the news paper article, “The opening batch of primaries and caucuses have also shown Mr. Romney’s limitations as a candidate. It has raised questions about his consistency and highlighted his tendency to say things that get him in trouble.” (Romney Faces Rebels on the Right and Softness in the Middle) Mr. Romney has a tendency to get in trouble because he says one thing to please a group of people one day then says something else to please another group. The average American would describe Romney as the rich no-decisive candidate, just as any off Bianca’s suitors would describe her as beautiful and obliging. In both their cases, you can shape them to be whatever you want them to be being as they chose to not take strong dedicated non-wavering stand on anything. Their personalities allow anyone to fill in the blank.
Presidential campaign is to courtship as inauguration is to marriage and impeachment is to divorce. In much the same way that sisters Katherine and Bianca are being courted by their suitors in hopes of obtaining the lady’s hand in marriage, the American public is currently being courted by Romney in hopes that he will be elected as president. Just as Romney faces challenge with the voters, Lucentio and Hortensio face difficulty with getting access to Bianca and in addition, Petruchio faces a battle getting Katherine to become smitten with him. Just as people have different reasons for pursuing marriage and will marry for different reasons, voters also chose who to support using different logic. “There are those who vote with their heart and those who vote with their head” (Romney…middle). Hortensio and Lucentio both seek marriage with their heart, Petruchio with his head, Katherine would rather not get married at all and Bianca…well no one knows exactly what she wants. Act 2 Scene 1, Lines 190 to 293 clearly demonstrate the cat and mouse game between Katherine and Pertruchio however he does not get discouraged because even before he met her, he said to himself “…Say that she frown, I’ll say she looks as clear as morning roses newly washed with dew. Say she be mute and will not speak a word, then I’ll commend her volubility.” (Act2 Scene1 Lines80-83). Before he met Katherine, Petruchio is using his head to think and make sure he approaches her in a way that will make him appear irresistible, just as Romney wants voters to find him to be the clear obvious choice for a candidate. However, he underestimated her spirit by saying “Nay, come, Kate, come. You must not look so sour (Act2 Scene2 Line42). To which she replies “It is my fashion when I see a crab”. Gaining affection, just like a presidential vote, is not an easy feat. Also, it is often said that when you first start dating someone, the version of themselves they present to you is their representative and only after marriage will their true self emerge. Romney seems to be attempting to sweet talk republicans into electing him by appearing to be the perfect republican. In summary, the obvious similarity between Bianca and Romney is the fact that they are docile and seem eager to please, Bianca with her father and Romney with the voters. Much like Bianca, Romney never takes a strong stand on any one issue. They broader connection is that comparing an election with a marriage and yet, it is the more mind stimulating comparison…and let’s not forget, just as one can divorce a spouse, a president can be impeached.
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The Taming of the Shrew versus Oroonoko
In both Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew and Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, the theme of ‘superiority’ is absolutely undeniable, subtle as it may be in The Taming of the Shrew, it is present non the less.
Both works of literature begin by setting the tone of social hierarchy, in The Taming of the Shrew, the play within the play, the play starts off with a Lord playing a trick on Christopher Sly, a drunken beggar, by having his servants work together to make him believe he is not a low class beggar but rather a Lord. In the Induction, after noticing Sly, the Lord tells the Huntsmen “…Sirs, I will practice on this drunken man. What think of you if he were conveyed to bed, wrapped in sweet cloths, rings put upon his fingers…would not the beggar then forget himself?…then take him up, and manage well the jest.” (Inductions Section1 Lines 37-47) It is very apparent that the Lord believes playing this decietful trick on Sly will be humerous and entertaining for himself. This is somewhat similar to Oroonoko being held against his will on the ship, then being promised a freedom by the captain. A freedom he never received despite the Captians own words of assurance, “he assured him he would revoke his resolution his resolution, and set both him and his friends ashore on the next land they should touch at; and of this the messenger gave him his oath, provided he would resolve to live.”(page 318 lines 37-39). Just as Sly was made to believe he is actually a Lord and not the beggar he is, Oroonoko is made to believe he will gain freedom, and he yet the Captain never grants him his freedom and Orookono realizes he was actually somewhat decieved.
Another instance in The Taming of the Shrew that further puts on display the signifcant of social heirarchy occurs when Hortensio(as Litio) witnesses Bianca kissing Lucentio(as Cambio). Hortensio becomes so insulted that Bianca, a lady of high class, would entertain the effections of Lucention(as Cambio),her tudor, that he decides to cease pursing her. He tells Tranio(as Lucention) “See how they kiss and court! Signior Lucentio, here is my hand, and here I firmly vow never to woo her more, but do forswear her as one unworthy all the former favors that I fondly flattered (her) withal.”(Act4 Scene2 Lines27-32) Hortensio is perfectcly okay with competing for Bianca’s hand when he bleieves all the other men courting her are noble Lords, the second he believes she is allow a working class man to court her, he instantly givse up and even goes so far as to say she is not worthy of everthing he did in the past to gain her effections. It is evident that he believes himself to be too superior to take a wife who would kiss a man that is beneath him. Just as Hortensio believes to be better than Cambio, Aphra Behn’s description of Oroonoko clearly shines light on the fact that black people were thought of be inferior in absolutely everything, and everyway including physical appearance. Aphra Behn narrates: “…His nose was rising and Roman, instead of African and flat; his mouth, the finest shaped that could be seen, far from those great turned lips which arew so natural to the rest of the Negroes….” Her description is dripping…no more so drenched and soaking wet with implication that most black people are not considered to be atrractive, making Oroonoko’s good looks even more striking being as his features are more Romanesque, and not African. It is as if a black person has to be extra attractive to be considered pleasing to the eye.
Although in The Taming of the Shrew the superiority is more in the form of social heirarchy with no regard to race and in Oroonoko it is all about race, it is still very undeniable in both works of literature the presence of one group of people believeing themselfs to somehow be better than another group…what gives any one or group of people the right to self pronounce themselfs…superior?
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The M.R.S. and the PH.D.
In the M.R.S. and the Ph.D. by Stephanie Cootz, several intrinsic and compelling observations are made about the educational statuses of women and their effects on their ability to attain marriage. More interestingly, are the apparent similarities between the evolution of women in a predominately male dominated workforce and Kate and Pretruchio’s evolving relationship throughout Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare.
Cootz stated that “…manuals advised women to “play dumb” to catch a man.” This statement reminds us of Bianca, Kate’s sister. While Kate appears to be sharp-tongued and quick witted, Bianca is a simple, peaceful woman who does not seem to have much of a personality-hence, a woman playing dumb. At that time, men were certainly intimidated by a woman of valor and substance as no one seemed to be interested in the older sister Kate. Statements from Gremio confirm their insecurities of strong-willed woman: “I say a ‘devil.’ Think’st thou, Hortensio, though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell” (Shrew Act. 1, Scene 1).
Cootz goes on to discuss the variances in men’s prejudices of a women’s education over the years. “But over the past 30 years, these prejudices have largely disappeared.” While Pertruchio’s friends such as Lucentio seem to be in awe of women like Bianca, Petruchio represents the change in society that Cootz brings to our attention. Whereas men in his time seem to want a docile, submissive woman, he pursues the valiant shrew. It is not clear if he wants to marry Kate other than for monetary purposes. However, it is clear that he is not intimated of Kate in making his plans clear to break her; “And thus I’ll curb her mad and headstrong humor. He that knows better how to tame a shrew, now let him speak; ‘tis charity to shew” (Shrew Act 4, Scene 2).
Lastly, probably the most intriguing points that Cootz makes which directly correlates to Kate, is the fact that “…the higher a woman’s human capital in relation to her husband-measured by her educational resources and earnings potential-the more help with housework she actually gets from her mate.” This is such a pivotal statement as it suggests that Kate-like women today- understand how to get what she wants from her husband. By the end of the play, Kate makes a speech to the widow and Bianca encouraging them to submit to their husbands; “I am ashamed that women are so simple to offer war where they should kneel for peace” (Shrew Act 5, Scene 2). We see a complete three sixty turn in Kate’s personality, but we must remember that she is a very intelligent woman. It seems that she has figured out that acting a certain way will get her in turn what she wants. Like educated women in the 21st century, being educated and financially independent will yield a more helpful husband. This confirms that more men today, like Pertruchio, are truly impressed by a strong-headed woman and will give her what she wants.
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The Taming of the Shrew vs. The M.R.S and the PH.D.
The parallels between “The Taming of The Shrew” and “The M.R.S. and the Ph. D.” is very interesting because even though the women were to be married, Baptista still employed school masters to provide some level of education to the women. Also, though the article states that over time, men have evolved to desire a highly educated woman, it never points out the fact that most women with college degrees are forced to put their career on hold in order to raise a family. This leads me to
me to question, do men just want a women with a certain level of education so that she can hold her own in a conversation with him and his peers? Or do men believe that having an educated wife is a reflection of who they are? Both Bianca and Katherine are provided lessons in Latin and taught how to play musical instruments, being as they were both destined to marry one way or another, does it not make it appear as though they were provided education so they could entertain and carry a decent conversation with their husband and his peers? In today’s society, even though men rate the importance of education higher than they did in the past, do they actually encourage their wife’s to pursue their professional career and become high earning CEO’s? Or does the average man want a smart wife who will be a good reflection of him to his family, friends and co-workers? Even though there are some families in which both partners have their own degrees, careers and also equally share the household chores, the average family today has a wife and husband both with college degrees and yet the husband is the main bread winner whereas the wife is more of a home maker. Having a degree and using it are two completely different things. Most of the women getting divorced today have a bachelor’s degree and yet with no work experience they are realizing that it is hard to obtain employment in the field they have their degree in. Why is it the woman who always has to put her career on hold in order to maintain the home and raise the children? So yes, the average man do now seek higher educated women and yet he stills expects his wives to cook clean, keep the children clean and run to embrace him when he comes home from work and yells out “I’m home dear.”… (While her college degree collects dust in the attic or hangs on the wall)
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The M.R.S. and the Ph.D.
In Taming of The Shrew, Act 1 we see how Katherine and Bianca are being forced into marriage by their father. Bianca does not seem to mind so much but not everyone would enjoy having their family not only force them into marriage, but pick out a husband for them such as Bianca’s sister Katherine. Katherine is very outspoken, confident and reluctant to have others in her life decide her future. The men in the play say Katherine’s outspoken personality holds her back from having anyone approach her and possibly court her. What happens when a woman’s high education level becomes the reason why a man is afraid to build a relationship with her?
The M.R.S. and the Ph.D. starts off by saying, “TODAY women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelor’s degrees and more than half of master’s and Ph.D.’s which should make any woman proud. This however would hold women back from getting married from 1940 – 1970 when women were told they were too educated to marry. Luckily we have come a long way from this time period where women had to put their education aside in order to marry.
Act 1 of Taming of The Shrew not only shows us the amount of growth women have made but also the importance of understanding how reading what was going on during a time period such as Shakespeare’s, gives us an insight as to why women are now more outspoken and continue to push the envelope to be heard and be respected.
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An Outsider Gives Voice to Slumdogs
The heroine of the “Taming of the Shrew” is quiet ego-centric person who wants the things around her to be under her control. She dares to insult her most close people – her family, just because of her bad mood or misunderstanding of their words. She takes the words addressed to her to literally without reading between the lines. Perhaps, a little bit more patience could help her to understand the people around her and not to take them so strictly.
As the quite opposite person we could see another Katherine. Katherine Boo – a Pulitzer Prize winner who is a famous journalist. The Article about her “An Outsider Gives Voice to Slumdogs” by author Charles McGrath ( Page C1) shows us how important and at the same time invisible person could be. She writes about the epic and important things around us and at the same time she never put herself at the beginning of the sentence as a point of view. She simply describes the things she saw with all the sincerity and gives the reader a right to judge. She doesn’t want to be a centre of someone’s’ attention and at the same time she actually could change the point of view of other people around her using the simple words.
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Moving Past ‘Fierce’
In Act 1 of Taming of the Shrew, Katherine makes a remark to her father: ” I pray you sir, is it your will to make a stale of me amongst these mates?” In this statement Katherine is responding to her father, Baptista, for telling Lucentio, Tranio, Gremio and Hortensio that she must first be wed before any man is to marry his youngest daughter, Bianca.
In “Moving Past ‘Fierce'” on page E1 of the New York Times, fairly new designer Christian Siriano describes his struggles with being underestimated and looked down upon by his peers in the fashion industry due to his success from a reality TV show. While Siriano is not a female as Katherine, there are immense and apparent similarities in how they are perceived by those around them; just not good enough or rather misunderstood. Much like Katherine, Siriano states he is just fine with how he is perceived.
Another similar quality in these two individuals is the fact that the society in which they live is not perceptive to changes in social hierarchy. For Katherine, women were clearly not perceived as well respected individuals in the time period in which she lived. Today, reality TV stars are not highly respected (or at all) by industry peers. Their struggles are very similar.
While there are some fundamental differences between Katherine and Siriano, they both struggle in a society where they are considered inferior. Katherine is an intelligent, quick witted woman in a society where women are not highly respected-especially for speaking their mind. Instead, men such as Lucentio vie for the attention of a girl with an almost non-existent personality-Bianca. Whereas Siriano struggles to gain the respect of his peers for lack of “hard work” or having to “work his way up” like many other successful designers.
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Hello world!
Welcome to Blogs@Baruch!
This blog, titled “News That Stays News,” will be our class laboratory this semester. Each week, all of you will be posting your insights into the week’s readings here, as well as connections you find between those readings and articles you find in the New York Times.
Your first post, under the category “Shrew, Act 1” will describe a connection between some aspect of the Induction or First Act of Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew and an article you find in the Times during our exercise in class.
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Example
In the “Induction,” — the opening section of The Taming of the Shrew — Christophero Sly, a drunken beggar, is asleep in the gutter when a Lord decides to play a trick on him and make him believe that his whole life has been no more than a delusion, a long hallucination. The Lord and his servants conspire to convince Sly that he is a great Lord himself, with a beautiful wife, a rich household, and many servants.
At first, Sly wonders whether he has gone mad, but then he begins to accept what the people around him are telling him. He is rather quickly persuaded that the life he thought he had led was a delusion, and that he is in fact the great man that those around him now claim to perceive when they look at him.
In “From Founders to Decorators, Facebook Riches” (February 1, 2012), New York Times reporters Nick Bilton and Evelyn M. Rusli describe the case of David Choe, a graffiti artist who painted the walls of Facebook’s first corporate headquarters and was paid for his services in stock rather than cash. After Facebook goes public later this year, Choe’s stock is expected to be worth more than $200 million. What effect will this have on Choe’s life? Will he, like Christophero Sly, begin to feel that the world of financial constraint he lived in prior to acquiring that fortune was a dream, a long delusion from which the money awoke him? Will his circumstances be so different, and will those around him treat him so differently, that he begins to wonder who he is, and whether he is losing his grip on himself?
Here’s his personal website: http://davidchoe.com What do you think?
The larger question brought up by both of these stories is: are we the person we feel ourselves to be within ourselves, regardless of our external circumstances? Or is it our external circumstances and how other people see us that dictate who we are?
Posted in Shrew, Act 1
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