Tag Archives: prison

Photo Evidence in Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal

In the beginning of 2004 instances of prisoners abuse in Abu Ghraib prison came to the public attention.  Many of 30.000 Iraqi prisoners were tortured by US military officials, CIA interrogators and independent contractors during interrogations or “for fun”.

United States Army Criminal Investigation Command started criminal investigation and some evidences were revealed to media. In April 2004 television news-magazine 60 minutes II aired a story on the abuse, including picture evidences. Harsh’s article in The New Yorker followed with detailed report on this case. (wikipedia )

Some picture you can find easily online, the link I post here is to the “wired” magazine’s webpage that came not from government officials, but from psychologist who had access to them.

Only fraction of photo evidences were released to public, the rest were presented in court behind the shut doors. Even though the case took place in 2008, there are still debates about whether or not the rest of pictures should be published.

I found it interesting to bring up this case for our class for a few reasons. First, as we see from the fact that picture evidences for this case are still a hotly debated topic, they played a major role in the case itself and in attracting public attention to it. It serves as a proof of how powerful photo evidence can be in law. Secondly, even though in some court cases picture evidences may be arguable evidence as picture only depicts a moment in time and can give a false presentation of what was happening at that time, in this case pictures were backed up by testimonies and video tapes. It also serves as an example of how much easier it is to get public attention and sentiment when case is supplied with vivid images.

Finally, Abu Ghraib prison scandal connects us with last weeks discussion of Foucault reading. Foucault argues that prisons are products of the switch from punishment to discipline, whether in Abu Ghraib prison detainees were clearly punished, not disciplined, often without a cause or reason.

Posted in Assignment 4 | Tagged , , , | 25 Comments

Tattoo Brief

We discussed in class the different types of tattoos that people use to identify themselves as members of a particular group, such as a white supremacy group, or an ex-convict. I did some research and found this powerpoint: Tattoo Brief that is, from what I can only conclude, designated for recruiters in the armed forces. The brief goes on to describe the various designs, numbers, and symbolism used to designate members in groups such as Neo-Nazis, California gangs, Native Americans, and the BGF (Black Guerrilla Family).

The slides make a point to distinguish between people who use the tattoos to identify as members of a group, and those who use the tattoos without knowing the real meaning behind something permanently etched  onto their skin. A tattoo of the number 311 could be a coded way of writing KKK, as K is the 11th letter of the alphabet, and 3×11 is equal to 3 K’s. 311 is also the name of a ska band. “Santana” could be an allusion to an Orange County gang, or be a tribute to Carlos Santana. Albeit an accidental one, the connection between tattoos an music is ever present.

In appropriating tattoos for their own use and classification, gangs are to this day justifying Lombroso’s theories. The methodology of classifying on sight is being used by the recruiters of law enforcement in order to weed out undesirables. This is not entirely an unpleasant thought, as I’d be wary of seeing a skinhead signing up to protect the peace. Unless it’s Edward Norton.

Posted in Assignment 1 | Tagged , , , | 102 Comments

Educating Prisoners: How to bring “outsiders” in

In the following TedTalk, Nalini Nadkarni discusses how we have to stop viewing prisoners as inherently defunct, naturally born deviants and assailants and instead view them as individual biological entities that are constantly in flux. (Lombroso’s work still seems to have heavy influences on our criminal correctional approach today!)

http://www.ted.com/talks/nalini_nadkarni_life_science_in_prison.html

 

At the beginning of this short lecture, Nalini explains a metaphor that she uses as the fundamental basis for her argument. She explains that when most people look at a tree, they see a solid, stagnant object with a massive wooden trunk and some peripheral branches, etc. But the common assumption is that a tree once rooted is stationary, motionless and essentially unchanging. However, she shows how when we instead look at the twigs and branches of the tree instead of the main trunk, we can actually find a lot of flux, motion, change and essential adaptibility.

Nalini uses this metaphor to argue that our approach to treating prison inmates has been the same. Instead of assuming (like most of us do with the idea of a tree) that criminals are inherently deficient, we should instead understand that they can be changed, influenced and educated to live more productive and less detrimental lives. She brings up an important statistic: 60% of released in mates return to prison on criminal charges at some point in their life time. Thus, clearly the current “correctional” system is not working, and needs change.

With her emphasis on educating the prisoners on life sciences, raising their awareness on more academic and socially productive issues, Nalini argues that this is the way forward for the correctional system in America. Instead of just treating criminals like bestial animals and locking them up in bland, boring and frustrating holding cells, they should instead be placed in stimulating enviornments, where they can change their personalities, enhance their understand of social responsibility and eventually go on to lead more productive, and socially beneficial lives.

I found this lecture particularly interesting after reading the short Becker piece on Outsiders. Becker argues that this idea of treating people as “Outsiders” is a two way street. The rules of a group are broken by an individual and he/she is thus labeled an “outsider” but at the same time, the rule makers and enforcers at time can be considered outsiders themselves. Becker therefore argues that deviance is “not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application of the rules and sanctions to an ‘offender'”.

Thus, both Becker and Nalini in a sense are arguing something similar. Both analysts are implying that the deviant is not solely to blame for their behavior. Rather, their behavior was in the past molded by an exogenous group attempting to deal with society, and their treatment was similar in its detached approach as well. Becker & Nalini are suggesting that we need more of an interventionist approach to dealing with criminal and deviants, with a better understanding of 1) What caused them to act in this way and 2) How we as policy makers can change our approach to help each one over come their criminal habits to form better and more socially responsible ones.

 

-Nikhil Wagh.

 

 

Posted in Assignment 2 | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | 12 Comments

Iraqs Women Only Prison

I couldnt help but write about this youtube video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdEtYkUuzcY  I came across while searching for female crime videos. This video is about Iraq women in prison and I found it very interesting that none of these women knew why they got arrested. Many of them want to plead their cases but they are not given the opportunity to do so. They also keep saying that their husbands were accused of terrorism but they were the ones who got arrested. Also, what shocked me was that their children were also in the jail cells with them. They are raising these children in a jail. I fear that once these children are released with the mothers, how will they act in society? It will be a very difficult transition for them to get accustomed to everyday life when all they ever knew was life behind bars.

In class we were talking about how females who commit crimes are viewed as monsters because in the U.S. we view women as nurturing and gentle human beings as opposed to men who are viewed as rough and daring and are capable of a killing; in Iraq its the very opposite. With terrorism currently taking place around the world, it shocks me that these terrorists are running freely and commiting mass murders, but their wives are the ones being captured and put to serve in jail without a reason. Even as the women were pleading to Iraqs Vice President, it seemed to me that he couldnt care less about what the women wanted or had to say. The women were crying and wanted help, but he wanted them to be quiet and didnt want to hear it. If the Vice President of Iraq doesnt care, why would the men in their society care? I think its very messed up for these women to live that kind of life. It seems to me that in Iraq, the innocent are in jail and the monsters are running around town free.

Posted in Assignment 2 | Tagged , , | 106 Comments

Football Behind Bars

This video is a trailer to the UK six part series that was aired on Sky1 channel in 2009. Ian Wright, soccer star, former Arsenal player and prominent TV host created a show. He himself, according to his interview for the show’s description on Sky 1 official website, spent 14 days in jail for driving without “tax or insurance”. During the show he was coaching young prisoners for the big final game. According to the same Sky 1 channel’s website, young prisoners had to go through a lot of training with strict discipline and those who didn’t work hard were excluded from the team. They were also participating in life coaching sessions, like anger management training, and were giving positive examples and encouragement to break out of criminal life cycle.  As show’s page claims: “As well as nurturing football talents, the series will also show how organisation, communication, trust and team work play a vital part in the rehabilitation and social integration of young offenders on their release.”

In the end of the show prison got funding for it’s own Football Academy. As for Ian Wright, he was palnning to attract government’s atention to the problem of young criminal’s rehabilitation and hoped to encourage creation of Football Academies in Juvenal prisons across the UK. How succesfull he was in that I don’t know. I will try to find out and will post it in comments to this post.

In Ian Wright’s model of rehabilitation through football we can see reflection of Merton’s theory of goals and institutionalized means of achievement.  Football Behind Bars prophecy popular concept that sport fosters discipline and improves one’s morals. It also works on giving young criminals new model for success- becoming successful athlete. Moreover, through Ian Wright’s personal example it shows institutionalized way for them to achieve goals of success and even wealth.

Posted in Assignment 2 | Tagged , , , , , , , | 12 Comments