Author Archives: sabiha

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Chapter 8

This chapter shows how  the educational system introduced a number of movements including the kindergarten movement which was established to improve the quality of urban living and poverty.  Before reading this chapter I did not know that one of the main purposes of the kindergarten movement was to mold their characteristics and habits of children so they can bring the same values to their home and teach the parents. It actually bothered me a little. Especially the part where colonists were bias and thought that people living in slums did not have good values just because there are poor.  Coming from an immigrant family, I know how people struggle but that does not mean poor people do not know meaning and important of education and good values. I was just curious how other classmates felt about this Also is it always a good thing for children to enter school at such an early age? I mean who can be more caring about their kids than the parents? Sometimes teachers will not be able to give the special attention a child may need. Also the school cafeteria system forced students to eat  canned and heavily processed foods.   Also I did not like how immigrants had to change their names. I have a hard name too but I would get very offended is I was asked to change my name no matter what the purpose is behind it. It is changing who I am. And it will leave a negative effect that would lead to making me feel shy to admit where I am originally from.

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Chapter 7

After reading this chapter, I was a bit shocked. Especially the part of Deculturalization. I felt this was in appropriate and would like to see what others felt in class about this.I am very proud and enjoyed reading about how the percentage of African American literacy  has risen over the last 90 years. We have come along way.Two conflicting attitudes toward educating immigrant children arose in the early 1900’s. Most farmers did not want immigrant children to be educated because these children would not then be available to workP eople from Korea, China, Cambodia, Indonesia and India, in the 1900’s, the term “Mongolian” was used to refer these people. The Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of the equal protection of the law to all citizens also created the right to equal educational opportunities. Initially, freed slaves led the drive to establish schools during and after the Civil War. Puerto Rico became a colony of the United States in 1889 at the end of the Spanish-American war. In 1917, the Jones Act granted American citizenship to Puerto Ricans and obligated them to serve in the US army, but denied them the right to vote. In 1863, the literacy rate among African Americans was 7%. Within ninety years, it jumped to 90%. Actually I feel the discrimination part still exists these days and it is a bit disturbing. In Fact, I was watching Cooper 360i on CNN and they were showing how little kids still point as the “darker children “ to be less smart. This was extremely shocking to me. After reading this chapter , I feel like even though we have come a long way, discrimination still does exist. So what my question is now is that are  the educational experiences of African Americans , Asian Americans, Mexicans similar? Or are they judged differently? Are there stereotypes? I am judged often.  For example , I get this one a lot” You are brown, u must be good in math” .  Also I am also wondering what can we do to make everyone feel comfortable and equal?

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Chapter 6

The couple of questions that come to my mind after reading this chapter is that , is teaching  considered to be an occupation for mainly women? Who are defined as the “good” and “Bad” Teachers?  What characteristics do those posses? I personally loved reading this chapter. It definitely emphasized how woman became more educated and more involved with the teaching world.  This chapter first talks about the success of common school movement.  The moves on to how woman were considered more ideal for teaching since they were more stable. Men moved on to jobs with better pay. Prior to the Civil War, teacher institutes provided teachers with instruction in the theory and practice of teaching School structures and procedures prepared students for the factory system. Both the feminization of teaching and the bureaucratic organizational model can be linked to the larger nineteenth-century societal beliefs in the supremacy of men over women and in women’s domain over the emotional sphere. In addition to teaching students to read, they were also taught how to behave with other human beings and how to become better people and add value to society. Female teachers went west for the ready availability of jobs.  Upon arriving in the West, teachers faced the harsh realities.  I feel we can still relate to back then. Although more men are joining teaching forces, teaching is still considered more as a job for females. It is quite shocking and we need to move away from that mentality. To this day, I still hear people saying “Oh teaching is a good occupation for mothers”. I really get annoyed when I hear that. Teachers deserve same respect as any other professions. We need to keep in mind that teachers help with the foundation of our knowledge

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Chapter 5 by Sabiha Khan

After reading this chapter, I definitely learned about the Common School Movement and the ways in which it promoted the values of Protestantism, republicanism and capitalism. This chapter also emphasized on attitudes about education for the Irish, slaves, African Americans and Native Americans. Common School Movement had the intention to protect the American Protestant culture by creating a school system that promoted the values of Protestantism, republicanism and capitalism. Irish Catholics challenged the prominence of Protestant ideology in the common schools, arguing that the schools should also reflect their religious beliefs. Many Irish refused to send their children to the common schools because of the schools’ Anti-Catholic sentiments. Slowly, Catholics set up private schools in order to preserve their culture.   Slavery abolished the African’s traditional modes of social interaction. Some important relationships within this culture were the relationships between slaves and the relationship between the slave and the owner or master. Oral traditions, such as spirituals and stories, provided a psychological refuge from the inhuman conditions slaves experienced.  It contained a message of hope and triumph over the master. In stories, slaves often played the role of the trickster. The culture of resistance created by freed African Americans focused on literacy, political actions and judicial solutions. In some communities, African Americans initially supported segregated education as a means of protecting their children from prejudice. However, when the inequities in funding and support became more evident, they espoused integrated education. In Boston, the African American community turned to the legal system in order to challenge segregated education and used the political system to create equal educational opportunities for their children. The Civilization Fund Act of 1819 authorized the funding and establishment of schools among Indian tribes. The prevailing ideology held that schooling would culturally transform Native Americans and civilize them in one generation. Since conversion to Christianity was also a part of the effort to civilize Native Americans, many Protestant missionary educators were subsidized by the Civilization Fund Act. Indian Removal Act authorized the forced removal of tribes from their lands to lands west of the Mississippi River.  Choctaws and Cherokees set up highly successful bilingual schools and had high literacy rates.   Anglo-Americans viewed cultural pluralism as a threat to their culture. After finishing reading   this chapter some of the questions that I had were : a ) Are the same values that were promoted  at that time still promoted today? b) Do Americans think multiculturalism is a threat to the  core American values?  Should they think of it as a threat since we are kind of like a melted pot?
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