The Curious Lives of Surrogates

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/03/29/the-curious-lives-of-surrogates.html

There are mixed stories of both positive and negative outcomes in surrogate parenting which can either leave some people aroused with negative emotions while others may see it as okay.Some people view it as an act of love as in the case of the above article. The surrogate mother was fascinated with the idea of “growing a human beneath her heart” since from childhood and despite giving birth to a child of her, she still felt the need to have a human growing beneath her heart. Many proponents of surrogacy argue that it is a good way of assisting infertile women in satisfying a fundamental human longing of procreating and therefore should be permitted. Surrogacy fulfills both biological and emotional need of couples in which the wives are unable to conceive and often want to have children with the husbands’ biological inheritance.

There is also the financial aspect of surrogacy that lure many distressed working class women into becoming surrogates. As indicated in the article many military wives saw this as an opportunity to supplement their income and also other financially distressed women saw this as bridging the gap in their current financial situation. Some critics have argued that surrogacy is tantamount to selling babies which leads to the exploitation of financially distressed women. Critics have also argued that motherhood involves a special bonding between mother and child and question morally speaking which mother would carry a child for nine months then give the child away shortly after delivery. Many conservative Christians see this as tampering with the miracle of life.

Surrogacy is definitely a complicated topic which should focus on the wellbeing of the child.

 

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Has Marketing Gone Too Far?

 

Marketing is a brutal industry and seems to stop at nothing to make a quick buck. Many advertising campaigns indeed have questionable morals. I have found two somewhat scary trends and “innovations” that are now popular in the marketing world.

One strange advertising trend is pregnant mothers selling their stomach space to advertisers. These temporary tattoo’s appeal to pregnant women who are strapped for cash and can earn several thousand dollars for doing virtually nothing (other than selling part of their body temporarily). One woman recently received $4050 for selling her belly to a gambling website on eBay. The company even wanted her to show it off at the Super Bowl. While I don’t necessarily think this is hurting anyone, I have to question if the women feels embarrassed or shameful when walking around with her stomach hanging out plastered with none other than a gambling ad. What is this teaching her unborn child?

While most of us generally don’t consciously think about what we are smelling while watching ads, some theaters in Germany are now using scent advertising to change that. Special scents are pumped into the theater for 60 seconds in order to make people to want to buy certain products. A sunscreen company Nivea used this technique by pumping the scent of sunscreen into the theater. The results were an astronomical as “Cinema exit polls showed a 515% rise in recall for the Nivea ad compared with moviegoers who saw the spot without the scent. The same ad, when combined with only a subliminal whiff of scent, scored a 25% lift.” Even our noses are not immune to the power of marketing. I wonder how long it will take for this to come to the US. Both of these trends make me further question if we really have a choice in the market as consumers when advertisers are willing to go this far?

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Child’s Play, Grown-Up Cash

This article of NYTimes.com talks about many parents in U.S. like to spend significant sums on building playhouses for their children in nowadays troubled economy.  In fact, the playhouse makers report that they are as busy as ever and the playhouses they have built become larger in sizes and more expensive in costs.  Many parents who buy playhouses state that the goal of having playhouse is to inspire their children to play outside and promote their creativity.  According to those parents, the fun the children have in the playhouse is priceless.  However, child psychologists think that parents do not have to spend much money to encourage the kind of unstructured imaginative play.  On the other hand, the playhouses are often custom-built based on parents’ specifications.  For example, John Schiller and his wife spend $50,000 to build a customized playhouse which has the same Cape Cod style as the Schiller’s expansive main house for their 4 year-old daughter, Sinclair in Texas.  Interestingly, the playhouse builders think that the playhouse is not only a place for children to play, but also a decorative expansion of their parents’ houses.  Actually, a psychology professor at City University of NY, Steven Tuber thinks that those playhouses may meet the parent’s sense of impressiveness, but they are not relevant to the child’s need and desires for a play space.

I think this article is relevant because we discuss how the childrearing exports tell parents about creating an ideal playroom for their children in order to revitalize their home in our class.  Progressives think that the playroom benefits both the children and their parents.  It is a space that satisfies children’s developmental needs for self-directed play and also frees mothers from frequent disorder.  Furthermore, playroom authorities urge parents to furnish the playroom to suit children’s tastes.  Many designers think that decorating playrooms is the opposition of the room’s purpose.  They believe that an empty, unfurnished room will guide children in the direction of using their imagination.

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Will Fetal Science Lead to Lawsuits?

in an article in the New YorkTimes about an interview done about a book called “Origins: How the Nine Months before Birth Shape the Rest of Our Lives”, by Annie Murphy Paul   explain the kind of research that is done about the fetuses and how much of this research is actual in the advantage of the baby and or the mother. This book mainly focuses on the potential uses and misuse of the research. Fetal origins research started 20 years ago and it’s the idea of conditions women experience during the nine month they are pregnant, all of this can affect our health and well=being for the rest of our lives. But this idea was denied by the scientists and medical field in the 20th century and they stared to give women all these drugs such as DES and thalidomide. They believed that the fetus was sealed away and nothing will be able to harm them, but unfortunately, all of that was wrong when the babies were born.

With this sort of research a lot can be done in protecting both the fetus and the mother. But according to Lisa Belkin “Would it be a trigger for greater resources toward helping pregnant women be healthy? To reduce their stress, improve their nutrition, and clean their environments? Or would it become just one more way to blame the mother?” or would it still remain the same?

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Hazards of Child Consumerism

In a marketing class I was taking, I learned about the term “clutter”. According to Wikipedia.com clutter means,

“the large volume of advertising messages that the average consumer is exposed to on a daily basis. This phenomenon results from a marketplace that is overcrowded with products leading to huge competition for customers.”

Think about the enormous amounts of marketing and advertising campaigns that you are bombarded with on a daily basis, it’s truly mind boggling, everywhere you go there are product placements.  After reading Lisa Jacobson’s article on child consumers, I realized what a large role they place in this as well. Although the articles study only goes until 1940, its concept still applies today more so then ever, with the internet, with television, and all the magazines and books that children look through.  Children have a much harder  time distinguishing between their wants and needs, so if we see ten advertisements we may want all of them, but realize that we only need / can afford a few of them, children on the other hand feel that they would need all ten products. In the article Lisa talks about class distinction, and how children in the lower classes cannot get everything they want, which can lead events that are discussed in this clip: Children Consumers. It also talks about the problems that products can create between parent and child, when the child does not receive everything they desire, and begins to question/disobey their parent’s authority. It’s a slippery rope, because you cannot hide them from all of the advertisements, if you buy them everything they seek, they will become spoiled and wont learn the value of a hard dollar. On the other hand if you don’t it might create problems in your relationship. How do you find a viable compromise?

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The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics

In class we discussed eugenics and the idea of a “perfect race”. This has taken shape in many minds and has been interpreted in many different ways. In this HNN article it becomes obvious what an important part history plays in this evolution of genocide. From the minds of American scientists to Adolf Hitler. It’s a little shocking to find out that Hitlers inspiration for his actions came from an American idea of what a perfect world should be made up of. It’s the creation of a domino effect.

I find it very interesting how one can even have the idea that there is a certain physical appearance or certain characteristics that can be deemed as superior and better than any other. How does one have the say of what or who is “the best”? It’s just a way people find to feel superior and undermine anyone else that might threaten that. The whole idea of eugenics just seems so stupid. As if any person who comes out of two successful people can’t turn out to be messed up and make mistakes. Every person has the ability to make mistakes, it’s what a human being does.

The fact that these American eugenicists decided to point fingers and say someone is not worthy of reproducing led to an ultimate idea of genocide and resulted in countless deaths. It should never be in the hands of one group of people to decide who’s worthy of having life and who isn’t.

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Consuming Kids

I found a documentary called Consuming Kids : The Commercialisation of Children. For sake of brevity I only watched and posted the first part (of seven). This documentary is directly related to the past few articles we have read in class. It includes a brief history of marketing and how kids are marketed too. It is not shocking at all to see that Ronald Reagan and the courts gave power to businesses and marketers rather than the FTC which represents the “people”. This has remained a common trend in politics and issues until this day. The money and influence of individuals is miniscule compared to the lobbying and funds distributed through large corporations. On the same  token, parents and families should not be looking to the government for guidance in the media influencing their children. It is not pick and chose for every aspect the government should or should not regulate. If the people want America to be the consumer/capitalistic state that it is, we can not go crying to the government when it has unintended effects.

The amount of money that is pumped into the economy under the influence from children was truly amazing. Informative documentaries such as this one, should serve as a wake up call to parents and families to power they give to their kids and the amount and type of information they are exposed to. Although parents certainly cannot control everything their child sees and hears, they can help educate and influence the way their kids process information. Technology in the form of TV’s, the internet, and phones have had a profound influence on society today, but how the information they convey is interpreted and distributed is up to each person to decide.

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The Impact of China’s Consumers

The article that we discussed in class was about mass-production. Throughout different eras, marketers have aimed at different class of consumers. With the shift to market segmentation in the 1960s, marketers turned class differentiation from a criteria based on income towards one that emphasized lifestyle. During the 1950s and 1960s, Americans’ standard of living increased steadily; and marketers started to focus on the working class that had the potential to become a profitable market. By the 1980s, marketers had shifted their attention to upper-class consumers who earned more money and had a greater spending power.

I found this article quite interesting. I was curious to learn which county in the world is leading in consumer spending today. I read an article in the New York Times that a professor Gerth from Oxford University, who pointed out that a large volume of Chinese consumers adopt all or some aspects of middle-class lifestyles – from owning bigger homes stocked with the latest electronic appliances to private cars to modest vacations. These Chinese have begun to lead consumer lifestyles similar to Western countries. Mr. Gerth also mentioned that China’s advertising market has grown by 40 percent every year over the last two decades. Almost all Chinese, whether they are rich or poor, have access to TV programming and the advertising that comes with it.  The rich and poor alike are exposed, and tempted to buy new products every time they watch TV. Currently, China is the largest growing consumer market in the world. Mr. Gerth pointed that fifteen years ago, very few people owned cars. By 2009, China surpassed the U.S as the world’s largest car market, which grew an additional 40% in 2010.

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Lotus birth in American upper class families

http://sciencebasedparenting.com/2009/01/19/a-skeptical-look-at-lotus-birth/
When I was doing research on natural childbirth, I encountered a new fad, the Lotus Birth. Although it is still small, and practiced mostly in birthing centers and in at-home births, it confirms a few of Margaret K. Nelson’s points in her research article from this week’s reading.
Nelson asserts that middle class women are often advocates of more natural childbirth and that they educate themselves about birthing possibilities. What happens in a Lotus Birth is that, instead of having the umbilical cord cut and the placenta thrown away after birth, the midwife or doctor leaves them both attached and they are left to fall off naturally over the next few days.
The Lotus Birth is certainly appealing to middle class and upper class families, because as Margaret Nelson found, they are more likely to want natural births and will latch on to any practice that claims to give their babies even a small advantage in life. The research blog that I found on Lotus Birth states that it can help to transmit nutrients to the newborn for a longer period of time, but also that it is unnecessary to keep the placenta attached for that long. I find it interesting that this could actually catch on with upper and middle class classes, since the few pictures I’ve seen of a baby with an attached placenta are not appealing, but now that I read Nelson’s article, I do not find this surprising at all. When something is “new” and “natural,” with any supposed health benefits attached to it, there will certainly be people willing to try it, and the upper and middle classes will lead the way.

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Kitchens of the Future

I found on YouTube  a 1956 GM promotional film “Design for dreaming” aimed for the upper-middle class as well as upper class. This film shows us how manufacturers were targeting and selling to only that specific target market. This promotional film is amazing, almost futuristic with specific goal to sell “dream life” to females that can afford it. I was surprised how technologically advanced the “dream kitchen” was in the film. The movie starts with a  white female all dolled up singing around about how she wants to get a break like all men do as she enters this “dream kitchen” and she is about to bake cake. She begins to sing about how she has never  seen a  kitchen like this one and gets into the details by showing how easy is to press different buttons and everything gets done for you. After she finished putting ingredients in the different futuristic appliances she leaves the kitchen and sings “Tic Tock Tic Tock, free to have fun around the clock”. This shows us how manufacturers were focused onto not only selling appliances but the benefits that came with this kitchen such as: free time for leisure activities.

The lady leaves the kitchen and changes her clothes a few times in outfits for tennis, golf and swimming.  The point is to show that, while her cake is baking she has time to do all these activities, after she comes back home her cake is magically ready. I found this film unrealistic even for our times, although maybe it is real in upper classes but I doubt that. In conclusion, this film proves that in 1950’s manufacturers were mainly concerned with female consumers that had enough disposable income, specifically white upper-middle class. I believe, this film is a perfect example of everything we have read in the class about the consumers of the postwar era and the target market before the influence of newly emerged “middle-class” that changed the way manufacturers segmented target audience.

 

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