New York City
Gerard T. Koeppel introduced the water crisis the city faced in 1830 and how the Manhattan island suffered from limited fresh water supply after eater sources became polluted by effluent. this crisis caused a deadly sickness among the residences which lead to one death in 39 habitants in 1830 according to Gerard T. Keppel. This crises had force to start some water projects to supply a city like the dam and reservoirs.
by 1760 Americans were a new to inoculation as the best preventive measures which lead to many diseases to spread rapidly as the colonial urban cities looking to find a solution to many other problems arises in wake of the growth of population. Economic problem (inflation), periodic unemployment,, rising prices and taxes has created more poverty that touched almost everyone which imposed a significant harm to the urban population. The crowded cities , houses that were build close to one another, polution caused by the habitation who filth the street with garbage and other waists has posed public health threat. All this problems were an obstacles in the growing of urban cities. However, public health was not given match attention as a fire and police protection issues because according to the Chudacoff ” fire posed the most danger to colonial cities, and putting one out was no easy task”(p13).
Johnson introduced the changes in policing and in relation to the crimes that played in part a significant role in slowing the growth of urban cities n 18th century. “if urban growth spelled opportunity to criminals, it meant disaster for the watch and constabulary, which were the only law enforcement agencies in existence at the beginning of the century”(p7). The local government succeeded in controlling some diseases by imposed laws and establishing quarantine regulations to control some diseases, yet yellow fever and cholera was an epidemic that continued to spread in Eastern and southern cities. However these disease fade away as technological tools and scientific developments and offered solution.
I believe that the main problem that prevent the Urban cities to grow in same pass as its population grow was not only the crimes , but mainly the controlling of crimes and a lack of the economic opportunities that can provide a valid source of income to people so that the provity will decrease and the crimes as well. The issue of street crimes remained an impediment even after reform policing the street crime because these crimes had laid its roots to many lower classes that imposed by the poor conditions of life they encontered. In addition the conflicts among many ethnic groups had lead to many gangs threaten a public safety.
The safety plays a major if not the most important aspect in development in urbanization. America as a whole and New York City in particular wouldn’t gain this popularity today and lead the world most attractive city without the safety .
A question that rises is whether the growth of criminal activity is a causation of or is a mere correlation with the poor health conditions. It may be the case that there were more street crimes because less attention to public health was given, disabling people to work.
See I guess the history repeated it self if not here though, but in many other poor countries. However, most of crimes rises when there is no economics opportuniies that can provide a valid income or at least to survive , no doubt that there are other factors ,for instance lackof education, but the poverity is an impadimic that most of poor countries found themselves out of solutions against a crimes that occured and increases in daily basis.