First source: Here, Anbinder discusses the demographic and how it brought in the lowest per capita income due to the melting pot of immigrants and uses Carol Gronemans “The ‘Bloody Ould Sixth’ : A Social Analysis of a New York City Working-Class Community in the Mid-Nineteenth Century”. This is a secondary source because this conclusion came from a cumulated research for a dissertation.
Second source: Anbinder brings Sean Wilentz’s, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-185 on the point of the loss of jobs among immigrants when their low class jobs were essentially outsourced to the country side or major manufacturers. This is also a secondary source because the author was not present during the job loss at five points and came to this conclusion through research of the times.
Third source: Anbinder brings up Blackmar, Manhattan for Rent when discussing how five points became a residential neighborhood once the neighborhoods of New York began to divide between commercial and residential neighborhoods. This too is a secondary source because this conclusion was drawn the research from other documents.