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Immigration was and sill a major aspect in shaping New York City and elsewhere. However binder highlights immigration from “pull and push pull” effects and its mechanism and how immigrant distribute themselves geographically in the fives borough according either to an economic opportunity or to a family presence. Binder also talked about fluctuation of immigrants, ethnic groups from 1940-1992. For instance the vast majority of city’s immigrant in 1970 was from Europe. And 95% of city’s residents were European. By 1950 90% of city’s Hispanic were Puerto Rican and declined to 50% in 1990. This declined in Puerto Rican replace by other Caribbean immigrant; by 1990 Dominicans had surpassed Italians to become first in population. This fluctuation I immigration waves has shaped the city economically and politically. Most immigrants moved from looking to satisfy their economic needs to form a political influence.
Personally I don’t have any family member In USA but before I came to USA, my attention to explore and enjoy my journey even though I always looking for an opportunity to live here since my high school when we studied the capitalism and the geography of USA. However, I lived in Europe for a while that allow making a difference. The diversity In New York city is much known internationally throughout, mainly, Hollywood’s movies. In addition the opportunities existed in USA and in particular New York is the pull effect form many immigrants to come and share the prosperity of American wellbeing.
And we have seen that immigration issue leads national debate on the election periods and also we have seen recently the measures taken by some states. In the post world war II, the Chinese immigrants were isolated under security measures. And now, in the wake of the devastating event on September 11 certain group of immigrants became vulnerable to a racial stereotype nationally. One issue that Binder referred to as new immigrants try to embrace the American life is a racial issue, even though is not on the surface as it was hundred years ago, but it still one of the factors that lay down the geographic map of new comer around New York city.