In Chapter 1 of The Language of New Media Arts by Lev Manovich, principle 4 really stood out to me. In this principle, he discusses the constant change in new media arts and different forms of it. In the beginning of this section, Manovich explains how new media does not stay in one place, “A new media object is not something fixed once and for all, but something that can exist in different, potentially infinite versions” (Manovich, 36).  Technology is always developing to be more high quality and convenient, and as a result, we’re able to have computers do more of the work than humans, “Old media involved a human creator who manually assembled textual, visual and/or audio elements into a particular composition or sequence” (Manovich, 36). He later says, “And rather than being created completely by a human author, these versions are often in part automatically assembled by a computer” (Manovich, 36). This principle stems from Manovich’s first two principles, which are numerical coding of media and the modular structure of a new media object. However, automation goes hand in hand with variability due to the fact that computers are taking control rather than humans. For example, in automation, Manovich discusses computers generating different forms of new media such as Web pages for a website. The same applies for variability since it is creating different versions instead of identical copies (Manovich, 36). Automation creates new versions, and variability allows the user to have different variants of those versions. Additionally, modularity helps variability as well since it allows to store data digitally “than in a fixed medium” (Manovich, 36). I find this interesting because it amazes me to see how much technology is forever advancing. I love understanding how things develop into what they are now because it shows growth. The change in new media arts allows users to have more flexibility and it is the computer who does all the thinking now.