A Hacket Manifesto is a critical manifesto written by McKenzie Wark, where he criticizes the commodification of information in the age of digital culture and globalization.
Wark, hacking begins with what he defines as an “abstraction”, the construction of different and unrelated matters into previously unrealized relations. Hackers produce new conceptions, perceptions and sensations hacked out of raw data. Everything and anything is a code for the hacker to hack, be it “programming, language, poetic language, math, or music, curves or colourings” and once hacked, they create the possibility for new things to enter the world. I found that really interesting and it shows how hacking creates a new world that people has yet to see. However it is usually misunderstood by most people in society as hackers tend to bend the rules that were set and it shows a sign rebellion.

What they create is not necessarily “great”, or “even good”, but new, in the areas of culture, art, science, and philosophy or “in any production of knowledge where data can be extracted from it.” A new culture would be created due to the exploration of hackers in the media world and they are able to discover what normal people wouldn’t see or experience.

Wark argues that “new” information comes from the hack. It doesn’t matter if you are a computer programmer, a philosopher, a teacher, a musician, a physicist, if you essentially produce new information – it’s a hack . In that sense, anything that is original and out of the ordinary would be consider a hack. In this sense, hackers are creators and they bring new ideas into the world. The aim of the book is to highlight the origins, purpose and efforts by this emerging hacker class, who produce new; concepts, perceptions, and sensations out of the stuff of raw data.

After reading this article, I realized that the idea of hack was very different from what i thought of in the beginning. Hacking can be a really good thing as hackers discover a world that people hasn’t seen yet and it brings new things that are unseen. Society is constantly changing and i believe people should appreciate change because sometimes change leads to inventions and improvements in the world.

Cameraless animation is an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, as opposed to any other form of animation where the images or objects are photographed frame by frame with animation camera. Camera-less animation requires a lot of working time and it yields relatively little viewing time.

There are two basic techniques or methods to produce animation directly on film. Blank film stock and the other one with black film. On blank film the artist can draw,stamp or even glue objects. Black film can be scratched,etched sanded or punched. Artists can use many tools and combine techniques endlessly. Frame borders may be observed or completely ignored, found footage may be included, any existing image maybe distorted by mechanical or chemical means. A third method takes place in a darkroom, using unexposed film that is exposed by frame.The artists places objects onto the fresh stock and then uses a small light beam to create synthetic sound as well as images by drawing  otherwise reproducing forms in the soundtrack area.

There would be different forms formats of these artwork as well. Large formats such as 70 or 35mm film may be preferred for their relatively larger working are, but direct animation is done on 16 mm or even Super8 mm film as well.

Silent speed,. The Universal speed for 16mm sound films is 24 second frames per second.This is an international standard. It is the slowest speed at which a film’s sound track can move and still generate reproducible sound throughout the projector’s amplification system. But many 16mm Projectors are equipped with a switch that allows them to operate at a silent speed of 18 frames per second. At this slower speed our persistence of vision still works, so that visual continuity is maintained. When you you project your caemraless film at silent speed, it takes longer going through the machine and hence it takes longer to see.