Google Scholar was first introduced in October 2004 and formally launched the following month, November.
The first kinds of articles that were published were newspapers.
“Technology Brief — Google Inc.: Tool to Search Scholarly Papers Is Set to Be Launched Today.” The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. 16 November 2011 Factivia. Web. 15 Nov. 2011
“Google introduces new tool for scholarly research.” Associated Press Newswires. The Associated Press, 18 November 2004. Factivia. Web. 9 Nov. 2011
The earliest magazine article was published November 22, 2004.
Albanese, Andrew. “Google Launches Scholarly Search Service.” Publishers Weekly 251.47 (2004): 13. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 9 Nov. 2011.
The earliest journal article was from January 2005.
Abram, Stephen. “Google Scholar: Thin Edge of the Wedge?.” Information Outlook 9.1 (2005): 44-6. Library Lit & Inf Full Text. Web. 9 Nov. 2011.
The earliest book published about Google Scholar was in 2005 from WorldCat.
Miller, William, and Rita M. Pellen. Libraries and Google. Binghamton, NY, USA: Haworth Information Press, 2005. Print. 9 Nov. 2011