Odysseus and Calypso (1616)

by Jan Brueghel the Elder

The Role of the Gods

How big of a role do the gods play in epics such as The Odyssey?

So far, in The Odyssey, we have seen that the gods are critical in human lives. We can especially see this in Odysseus’ life. Although Odysseus is the hero in this epic, he constantly seeks protection and help from the gods. The power and influence the gods have over Odysseus’ life throughout the story is evident.

In the beginning of The Odyssey we see that Odysseus is being held captive by Calypso, a beautiful goddess. Odysseus cannot continue his journey home because Calypso is selfish, and wants him to herself. It is only until Zeus sends Hermes to tell Calypso, to release Odysseus, that he can finally leave the island, and attempt to return home. Without Zeus’ help, Odysseus might have never been able to continue his journey. This interference, by Calypso and Zeus, represents the power the gods have in changing and influencing Odysseus’ life. We can also assume here, that the gods respect and honor each other. Calypso acknowledges Zeus’ immense power and threat, which is why she releases Odysseus.

Odysseus seeks Zeus’ help after leaving Calypso’s island, and later shows his gratitude. Quotes such as, “Ah, Zeus has let me see land I never hoped to see…” (Book 5, 411) and “Hear me, Riverlord, whoever you are… I have suffered much, O Lord, Lord hear my prayer” (Book 5, 448) are examples of Odysseus recognizing the gods as trustworthy, and almighty. It is clear that Odysseus has great faith in their power, and that is why he always looks to them for help and guidance. The recurring theme of guidance by the gods is also seen in Athena. Not only does she help guide Telemachus in his quest by providing instruction, but she also helps Odysseus in disguise.

Without the gods’ interaction and interference, would Telemachus and Odysseus still succeed and fulfill their journeys? Are the gods simply guiding them, or is it something larger than that?