New Media are digital projects created using computers. They are created using algorithms, where the algorithms are manipulated in a way to create pictures and improve quality. Digitalization, a form of New Media, which is the act of converting continuous data into a numerical representation, is used, and has a two-step process: sampling and quantization.
Modularity uses a collection of images, sounds, shapes, to piece together art. This fractal structure is the same throughout New Media. These attributes are combined to create a better form of art. Each piece of this puzzle is stored independently from the other allowing it to be manipulated and modified separately and at the same time.
Automation is a fundamental base is particularly important with artificial intelligence and virtual reality which are included in most of the commercial software. This process is very useful in developing graphic layouts, word processing, 3-D graphics and image editing. Manovich refers to low and high level automation. Low level automation is described as a type of automation in which the programmer has the ability to modify media objects from scratch or using templates to modify the object. The High level automation requires the computer software to “understand” the Low Level automation being generated.
Considered “something that is not fixed…,but something that can exist…,potentially infinite versions”, variability is a concept that allows the computer to reshape media. Various copies of media can be different from the master version and stays in “perfect correspondence with logic.” This attribute would not be possible without modularity. New media would be continuously customized at the speed of light.
Transcoding is considered a principle that is the most substantial concept of New Media. Its principle focuses on how the computer stores media. Not in its most conventional sense but rather in lists, records, and arrays. The computer separates data structures form their algorithms. Simply, this principle is the process of an object being altered from one form and put into another. Art work is dissected from its original form and stored digitally, yet remaining the same visually. The culture layer remains recognizable while the computer layer is coding only a computer could interpret. The computer uses this code to translate into familiar objects we can understand.