Aaron and Shylock: Shakespeare’s “Others”
Aaron the Moor and Shylock the Merhcant are the primary antagonists in Titus Andronicus and the Merchant of Venice, respectively. They are bequeathed the status of “other” by the characters of the plays due to their faith, dress, character, and nature. Aaron and Shylock find themselves in similar situations in the plays, as people to be scorned.
One of the first apparent similarities between the two characters are the terms that are used to address them. Aaron is referred to as a Moor and Shylock as the Jew throughout the two plays. The titles that they are conferred constantly serve as a reminder that the two characters are “alien” to the society in which they live. It also affirms their belief that they would never be accepted by society.
Aaron’s is separated from the other characters in Titus Andronicus because of his dark skin. The blackness of his skin represents his barbaric nature. He is an uncivilized, “irreligious moor.” He is ridiculed because of his non-Roman status and hated because of the blackness of his soul, illustrated through the color of his skin. He is not even seen as a person, being referred to as only the Moor throughout the play. This is evident in the fourth act of the play, when, after the birth of his son, the nurse refers to the baby as “a devil.” Voicing the sentiments of all of the characters in the play as well as the Shakespearian audience that watched the play. Aaron is vastly different from the Romans and Goths that dominate the play and their contempt of his physical appearances, his nature, his very being feul a mind that has been twisted by
Unlike Titus Andronicus, where the discriminating factor is color, in the Merchant of Venice, it is Shylock’s religion and subsequently his profession that sets him apart as the “other.” Shylock is a Jew, living among Christians. Moreover, he is a money lender, who lends money to the people of Venice with the intent to profit. Shylock is also seen as irreligious, since as a Jew, his soul is not believed to be redeemable and his line of work, which serves to only enrich him at the expense of others emphasizes the greed that blackens his soul.
The two hold themselves above society, superior to its laws. Aaron, constnantly reminds the audience that he believes the Romans to be idiotic and does not hold himself accountable to Roman law or society. Aaron declares “Let fools do good, and fair men call for grace/Aaron will have his soul black like his face” (3.1.4). He embraces his blackness, by admitting that his very soul is colored by the skin on his face. He further declares that he would choose the blackness of his skin and soul, over the foolishness of the Romans because righteous fools accomplish nothing. Shylock also shows disdain for the Venetian way of life. He is disgusted by their extravagence and their biases against his people. He believes them to by hypocrites, who abandon their morals with careless regard. This is evident during his confrontation with Antonio in Act 1, where he questions Antonio’s decision to borrow money, when, in the past, Antonio has made it clear that he does not borrow nor lend money, as a true Christian would do.
Yet the motivating factors that influence both characters to carry out their schemes of vengeance vary. Aaron’s main concern is to preserve his identity as the “other.” He takes pride in his blackness and seems to enjoy his acts of violence, most of which are motiveless and performed out of pure malice. In Act 5 when he has been captured and forced to confess, he gives a list of all of the “henious deeds” he has committed. He says:
Few come within the compass of my curse,–
Wherein I did not some notorious ill,
As kill a man, or else devise his death,
Ravish a maid, or plot the way to do it,
Accuse some innocent and forswear myself,
Set deadly enmity between two friends,
Make poor men’s cattle break their necks;
Set fire on barns and hay-stacks in the night,
And bid the owners quench them with their tears.
Even at the verge of death, Aaron’s only regret is that he could not commit “ten thousand more” evil deeds. His confession shows that Aaron’s motives for comitting such atrocities were largely influenced by his immoral and darkened soul, rather than from any logical motive to seek justice or revenge.
Whereas Aaron’s main concern is the preservation of his race, Shylock exacts his revenge out of a twisted sense of humanity. Shylock believes that he his rights as a human being have been wronged. He states:
I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? And if you wrong us shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.
As a person he too feels anger and pain. He is also hurt by the disdain of others, just as a Christian person would be. He views his treatment as a wrong against his humanity and thus believes that revenge, a very human trait, is the proper avenue through which he can seek justice.
Although Shylock and Aaron have similar characteristics and choose to resort to violence to accomplish their goals, they differ in their outlook on their identity and their ideals. At the end, Aaron holds onto his identity as a Moor. When Lucius threatens to kill his son, Aaron pleads with him to let him live and in return promises to tell Lucius the truth. Aaron cannot see his heir, the child that will carry on his identity, die, because with his son’s death, Aaron himself will come to an end. Shylock on the other hand chooses to give into his Christian counterparts. He converts to Christianity in order to protect himself from execution and to retain a portion of his wealth.