After reading the Paradoxes of American Individualism, my eyes were open to the confusing narrative of Americans, identity and individuals. In short, Claude S. Fischer discussed how Americans are tread the thin line between both individual identity and group identity. Generally, Americans side with individuality in regards to social mobility and economic prosperity while siding with group thoughts in regards to morality and national interests. Fischer speaks summarizes America’s culture as not being individualism but actually being voluntarism. Many people have the choice of entering most of the social groups they are apart of; this excludes racial groups. Within these circles individuality takes a backseat to group affiliation. This can be seen with Christians, Democrats, Republicans and other smaller groups like Mets Fans all follow similar structures. Being devoted to the group and they pursue their individuals goals through their association with their groups. Within these circles, many people are like them and a notion of group think is present, where many ideals and beliefs are held. Individuals are allowed to enter and leave these circles but while they are present in these voluntary groups, commitment must be shown, whether it be explicit action or holding a set of ideals. Fischer says this is the ‘love it or leave it’ rule that is present in America. In a sea of individuals, many schools of fish are distinguished.

After reading the poems of Langston Hughes and Whitman Poems, individualism is discussed in a stark contrast. Similarly to the article discussed, there is no true sense of individualism, in the poems. specifically Hughes’, an in-voluntarism society where people of color are forced into groups that face more discrimination than privilege. The individuals of these groups have been seen as less than an actual individual, forced to face numerous hardships due to the ‘actual’ individuals of society. They are not treated like individuals in society, America was not created for their freedom and expression. Whitman speaks on equality for those who are actually viewed as individuals, the white people,  specifically in society. He showed a white racial frame of thinking about America in regards to freedom.