Monthly Archives: December 2010

FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

 In Thousand and One Nights and King Lear, are the role of women are consistent in these two text? And how do they differ?

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Final Exam Question

Force and intelligence is frequently used in Thousands and One Nights to influence others. Discuss which of these two methods of influence is stronger in the text.

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The Prince/ NYT

Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, he describes the characteristics a Prince should have.   One of the characteristics a prince should live by is keeping his word, Machiavelli says “[h]ow praiseworthy it is for a prince to keep his word and live by honesty…”(C, 237).    Machiavelli acknowledges that a prince who honors his word is generally praised by others. A prince should present the appearance of being a compassionate, trustworthy, kind, honest, and moral ruler.  Prince gains esteem and glory through his courage. He must undertake great enterprises that allow him to display his abilities. The prince must have the wisdom to choose the least risky venture and act on it courageously.  New York Times article “Obama Defends Tax Deal, but His Party Stays Hostile,” Obama defending his tax cut deal with the Republican to his own party.  Obama made this decision because “it was ’a good deal for the American people’” (Herszenhorn).  Many Democrats in the Senate and House are outraged by the idea of continuing former president George W. Bush’s tax policies for two more years.  President Obama made a decision to keep his word from keeping the American people from out of harm.  Even though many Democrats are opposing this idea, like Machiavelli says “it is not necessary, the, for a prince to have all of the qualities mentioned above, but certainly necessary that he appear to have them”(C, 237).    President Obama made a statement about not hurting the American people and he has to uphold this if he wants to be respected. 

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/us/politics/08cong.html?ref=todayspaper

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The Prince and Toddlers

In The Prince, Nicolo Machiavelli tells his readers what characteristics a great leader should have. He does not teach anyone, but merely gives his opinion. Though it may require violence and lying at times, it also requires studying and beginning at a young age. This idea is also present in the New York Times article “For the Goal-Oriented Parent, A Jump-Start in Toddler Sports” by Mark Hyman.

In order to become a prince, Machiavelli believes one should start as earlier as possible and have them study not only other princes, but sports. Machiavelli states, “A wise man ought always to follow the paths beaten by great men, and to imitate those who have been supreme, so that if his ability does not equal theirs, at least it will savour of it.” According to the article, “The Little Gym… begins classes for children at 4 months old.” Though entrepreneurs behind these gyms say they are not trying to make these children ESPN stars, once junior high school cones around, these children are quite athletic and familiar with the sports in their schools.

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Throne of Blood

In The New York Times article “Sprawling Cinema, Tamed to a Stage”, author Charles Isherwood claims that the play, Throne of Blood, was quite boring. Throughout the entire article, he has negative comments about the play except for their “fancy samurai getups”. Isherwood states in the beginning of his article, “Were it not for the gorgeous costumes– sweeping silken kimonos and samurai armor made of glistening black patent leather– Ping Chong’s “Throne of Blood,” a new production from the Next Wave Festival at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, would be as boring to look at as it is to listen to.”

This critique was pretty harsh towards Chong’s “Throne of Blood” play. It wasn’t the best play, but it was pretty enjoyable. There was humor, which made it easier to watch. The bits of Japanese added a nice touch.

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Many Stories

In The Thousand and One Nights, Shahrayar was a king who went mad and killed many women in the kingdom due to his wife’s infidelity. He would spend the night with a woman and kill her the next morning. Shahrazad, the vizier’s educated daughter, tells her father to marry her to Shahrayar so that she may have an opportunity to change his ways through storytelling. Storytelling as a way to teach lessons is prominent throughout The Thousand and One Nights and in an article in The New York Times “An Israeli Novelist Writes of Pain, Private and Public” by Ethan Bronner.

The New York Times article explains the novel To the End of the Land written by David Grossman around the time of his youngest military son’s death.  This story, which can somewhat be compared to Grossman’s own life, teaches the lesson about the “importance of home.” Though Shahrazad tries to teach Shahrayar different lessons, there is an overall lesson being taught. Shahrazad is trying to teach him that killing women the morning after he spends the night with them is wrong.

In the article, Grossman “entertained the illusion that by writing…, he was somehow protecting his children.” In The Thousand and One Nights, Shahrazad was also telling these stories as protection. Shahrazad tells her father “I would like you to marry me to King Shahrayar, so that I may either succeed in saving people or perish and die like the rest.” (B, 414) She is telling these stories not only to save her life, but to save the lives of the rest of the women in the kingdom.

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Roman Catholic Church Sex Abuse Cases/Confucius

Roman Catholic Church Sex Abuse Cases/Confucius

“For more than two decades, the Catholic Church has grappled with a series of clergy sexual abuse scandals and lawsuits. The cases have cost an estimated $2 billion in settlements and have shaken the faith of many of the church’s members.”

There were number of cases: Gilbert Gauthe in Louisiana was sentenced to 20 years in prison for molesting at least 35 children, Father John J. Geoghan was accused of abusing more than 130 boys over three decades, the priest, Brendan Smith, who was exposed 15 years later as the most notorious child-abuser in the history of the Irish church. There were number of cases in different countries of the EU.

As the reaction on that “the Vatican issued revisions to its internal laws on July 15 making it easier to discipline sex-abuser priests.” The overall document codified existing procedures that allow the Vatican to try priests accused of child sexual abuse using faster juridical procedures rather than full ecclesiastical trials.

Church is nor necessarily governed by good people. Confucius said in the Analects, “2-1. The Master said, ‘He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.’”  Probably he thought too well about people as we see from the article even in the holy institution there are awful problems and Confucius ideology can not be applied to the contemporary world.

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/r/roman_catholic_church_sex_abuse_cases/index.html?scp=1&sq=catholic%20children%20abuse&st=cse

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Confucius/Afghan Wives

“Even the poorest families in Afghanistan have matches and cooking fuel. The combination usually sustains life. But it also can be the makings of a horrifying escape: from poverty, from forced marriages, from the abuse and despondency that can be the fate of Afghan women.”

“There is little chance for education, little choice about whom a woman marries, no choice at all about her role in her own house. Her primary job is to serve her husband’s family. Outside that world, she is an outcast.”

According to the Human Development Index, Afghanistan is the second least developed country in the world. Every half hour, an average of one woman dies from pregnancy-related complications, another dies of tuberculosis and 14 children die, largely from preventable causes.

Historically women were not treated fairly out there, also while in power in Afghanistan, the Taliban became notorious internationally for their treatment of women.

“Women were forced to wear the burqa in public, because, according to a Taliban spokesman, “the face of a woman is a source of corruption” for men not related to them. They were not allowed to work, they were not allowed to be educated after the age of eight, and until then were permitted only to study the Qur’an. Women seeking an education were forced to attend underground schools such as the Golden Needle Sewing School, where they and their teachers risked execution if caught. They were not allowed to be treated by male doctors unless accompanied by a male chaperon, which led to illnesses remaining untreated. They faced public  flogging execution for violations of the Taliban’s laws. The Taliban allowed and in some cases encouraged marriage for girls under the age of 16. Amnesty International reported that 80 percent of Afghan marriages were considered to be by force.”

Confucius said , “Analects 7:23: The Master said, Women and little people are hard to handle. If you let them get close, they presume, and if you keep them at a distance, they resent it.” That obviously shows his attitude toward women, although some scholars might doubt it. Pretty much women were created to serve men, and a man could divorce a wife on a ground of being to talkative. Although Confucius’s attitude toward women was not that impressive still it wasn’t that oppressive as he propagated very humanistic ideals.

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Diana’s Ring Seals Prince William’s Marriage Plans.

On November 16, 2010, New York Times published an article titled “Diana’s Ring Seals Prince William’s Marriage Plans.” This article is about the heir to the British throne, Prince William, announcing his engagement with Kate Middleton. In A Thousand and One Nights, both kings, Shahryar and Shahzaman are cheated on by their wives. Both, evidently, kill the wives and the men the wives slept with. Shahrayar starts to marry every night and kill his newly wed wife every morning. Finally one day, he marries Shahrazad. Shahrazad is acknowledged to be an “intelligent, knowledgeable, wise, and refined” (B, 414). Shahrazad postpones her death in the morning by intentionally not finishing a story, thus making Shahrayar wait with curiosity till she finished.
Kate Middleton and Shahrazad have many similarities. First, they are both educated. Kate Middleton met Prince William in University. In fact, she will become the first princess with a college education. Second, both are predeceasing a death. Kate Middleton was given the ring of Queen Diana (who died in a car crash).

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The Prince


In Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince, Machiavelli outlines his beliefs relating to sovereign, governance and power. Machiavelli describes the characteristics a Prince should possess. He believed a Prince should establish ambitious goals even if such goals were unattainable. Of utmost importance to Machiavelli, was the idea that a ruler shouldn’t rely on fortune but rather their natural skill and intelligence. That talent would help a Prince rule more effectively and efficiently. Machiavelli says “those who, like these men, become princes by means of ingenuity, acquire their principality with difficulty, but hold on to it with ease” (C,235). He advises that although it is more difficult to gain power through inventiveness, it is easier to hold that power once it is won. In the alternative, Machiavelli believed that even if one doesn’t possess the requisite skill and abilities to govern, they should nevertheless act as if they do. Princes must work on their image and how they appear to the people they govern.

In the New York Times article “A former schools chief shapes her comeback” by Trip Gabriel, Michelle Rhee follows some of Machiavelli’s advice. Ms. Rhee, who is known as an important figure in public education, resigned her seat as chancellor of Washington D.C. schools in October due to pressure. However still passionate saving the education system, she announced this week that her next move is to lead a new advocacy group, called Studentfirst. She plans to set ambitious goals to repair the public school system, she says “The ultimate goal is to shift the power dynamic of education in this country, which I think for far too long has been dominated by special interests, whether the teachers’ unions or textbook manufacturers”. She intends to raise a billion dollars for Studentfirst, which Machiavelli would consider as an ambitious goal. However her authoritative tactics has also caused her to gain enemies. To help salvage her image, Ms. Rhee hired Anita Dunn, former communication director for President Obama. She plans to reform the education system from its corrupt ways in a manner Machiavelli would endorse.

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