I tracked my language based on location. My Saturday is far from lively, the majority of my conversations are with myself. I spend a lot of my time planning, weighing options, and actively learning. Active learning requires me to problem solve and repeatedly explain material to myself to gain a better understanding.

Day 1:

Library (10AM-4PM): Pleasent greeting to librarians/Emails related to internship opportunities/ Internal conversations related to schoolwork or important task

Home Study (4PM-9PM): Greet Mom and Dad/Internal conversations about biology and math work

Home Eating (9PM-10PM): Nothing

Home Study (10PM-2AM): Internal conversations about digital marketing campaign

Day 2:

Before School (8AM-10AM): Internally go over goals for day and tasks that I need to complete/Prepare self for extended periods of focus

Math (10AM-11:45): Internal dialog about problems in an, attempted to connect concepts

Science (12AM-1:15PM): Identical to Math Language, but related to Science

Library (1:30PM-3PM) Pleasent greeting to librarians/Emails related to internship opportunities/ Internal conversations related to schoolwork or important task

Meetings (3:30PM-5PM): Speak to creatives and help them in project development

Model Networking (8PM-9:30PM): Speak to photographers editors and “in crowd” at an event on behalf of talent (confident, switch between interested an uninterested. (internal conversations too)

Home Study (10:30PM-1AM): Internal conversations about biology/ math/writing II

 

 

 

Citation

Gee, James P.”Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introduction.” Journal of Education 171.1 (1989): 5-17. Print.

Summary

Gee says that discourse can be seen from two different perspectives. One perspective sees language as grammar and sentence structure, the other believes language is dependent on the context. Gee sees discourses as both. Both the reader and the writer bring identity to the conversation.

Analysis

I thought this reading was extremely interesting. I know from experience that learning is extremely context specific. I also agree that discourse is an “identity kit,” that allows us to create ourselves. I know I try to “find” myself when I’m reading a difficult text. Finding relationships between words and experience help me understand and retain information.

I am Articulate

Summary

Scotts Poem takes a deeper look at what it means to be articulate. We generally view artic through a very narrow lens. Someone who is articulate has an extensive vocabulary to complement their knowledge of grammar. People with this gift have the ability to engineer “smart” sentences. Scott has three different way of speaking all of which she views equally. A persons ability to speak well so be dependent on context. She even points out “That’s the rules of THIS. A persons ability to speak well so be dependent on context. She even points out “That’s the rules of THIS English.”

Scott goes on to show how language is used to put down people of color. Blacks who aren’t able to speak “School language” may be seen as uneducated. Terms like “broken English” Unable to fully adapt to the linguistic standard place upon them by their former captor and viewed as less as a result of this only adds to the ideology that black

Analysis

Terms like “broken English” Unable to fully adapt to the linguistic standard place upon them by their former captor and viewed as less as a result of this only adds to the ideology that black isn’t good. The hair was a good comparison.

One’s success in language is based on their ability to effectively communicate to reach the desired result. Someone is articulate when they have an extensive knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar that’s used based on a specific social system.

Citation

Lowi, R. Q. (2005). Codeswitching: An Examination of Naturally Occurring Conversation. In ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp. 1393-1406). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.

Summary

Lowi’s code switch experiment looked at conversations between bilingual speakers to examine the significance of switching between new and native tongue in communication. Code-switching true purpose is to establish a sense of trust and community between those who have moved from the countries they were born in a foreign land that although familiar may not feel like home.

Analysis

Code-switching is effective at doing what its suppose to, creating a sense of familiarity that comforting for two people who share a background and share the experience of living outside the world they were born in.

Citation

Swales, J.S. (1990) The Concept of Discourse Community, Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings, 468-479.

Summary

Swales goal in writing this essay was to develop a more ridge definition for discourse community than a group of people who share the same values. Swales believes linguistic understand the “nature” of what it means to be a discourse community an accept it as the definition. Swales believes the current definitions for discourse community are far too ambiguous for study; he provides six criteria that are both necessary and sufficient for defining a discourses community.

1. a broadly agreed set of public goals
2. mechanisms of intercommunication between members
3. participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback
4. utilizes one or more genres in communicative furtherance of its aims
5. acquisitions of specific lexis
6. a ratio between experts and new members

Analysis

I definitely recognize some of the elements Swales suggests within the context of group dynamics in my own life. My group of friends definitely have specific words or phrases that only we understand (mostly made up by me). I wish he would have expanded on the idea of commonality of goal vs shared interest. What I found most interesting was the Cafe Owner Problem. A, B, C would form a discourse community if they interacted, however without this interaction she cannot be considered a “community.” This makes me wonder if those who prefer solitude are a group are considered a “group” themselves. Savants, people who demonstrate mental and cognitive abilities far past what is considered normal have many things in common aside from smart. Most prefer to work alone.

What is Academic writing? There are many different writing styles and purposes for writing in the world of academic literature, usually contingent upon one another. However, there are several key elements all academic work should possess. Academic writing is generally classified was written work targeted at a very specific audience, with an assumed based on knowledge on the topics that will be discussed. Good academic writing proves an argument through reason and rational, making as few assumptions as possible. The author should demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the argument on all fronts and build upon pre-existing knowledge through the use of credible sources or a substantial amount of tested personal research and analysis. Academic literature should also show an awareness of views opposite its own and be researched well enough to constantly support its claim against the opposition.

Irvin notes that in regard to the “academic writing situation” in college, writers must remember to write with a purpose in order for the piece to achieve its goal.

 Although he may be best known for being Warren Buffett’s mentor, Ben Graham was also an extremely capable investor who was very successful during his money management career. Known as “The Father of Value Investing”, Graham was also a professor at Columbia University when he authored The Intelligent Investor as a guide for those who traded securities and wanted in increase their return on investment.

The Jewish Studies department at The City College of New York offers a class entitled “Jesus the Jew.” During my Fall 2016 semester at CCNY, I was assigned a paper on the Jewishness of Jesus. The purpose of my essay was to convince the reader that based on information gathered from historical accounts of Jesus’s life it can be said that “Jesus practiced and taught what he believed to be the proper version of Judaism. He had his own idea of how to remain faithful while retaining traditional Jewish values.” (Williams)

Irvin stresses the importance of knowing your audience and list the understanding of key disciplinary concepts (strategies for synthesizing, analyzing, and responding critically to new information) related to a said audience as elements that should be present in college-level writing. “An analysis breaks a subject apart to study it closely, and form this inspection, ideas for writing emerge. When writing assignments call on you to analyze, they require you to identify the parts of the subject…then show how their parts fit…to create some larger effect of meaning.” (Irvin, 11)

The Intelligent Investor is for those who have already been introduced to the world of economics and finance. If you’re reading the Intelligent Investor it is assumed you are already familiar with the world of investing. A casual reader would quickly find themselves overwhelmed by financial terms, investment principles, and economic concepts (fair outside of common knowledge) mentioned that Graham expects the reader to be familiar with if they’ve picked up his book. Graham like many other academic writers knows his audiences. He writes for a small group of knowledgeable individuals that already have an understanding of the concepts related to his field.

My essay was written for one person, my professor. In order to fully grasp what was discussed, you have to have a basic understanding of Judaism, as well as the other Islamic religions (Islam and Christianity) from an academic perspective. Why? Simple…because my essay had to demonstrate a deeper knowledge of my topic in order to get an A. My essay showcased my knowledge of the covenant and the relationship Jewish people had with it during the time Jesus would have practiced Judaism. I also displayed an understanding of Jesus relationship with the covenant and was able to connect the two to gain an understanding of Jesus’s relationship with the Jewish people/faith.

“Academic prose is…written by one disinterested mind for other equally disinterested minds. But, because it’s intended for a very small audience of hyper-knowledgeable, mutually acquainted specialists” (Rothman, 3) Both my essay Graham book are both examples of extremely focused text that require background knowledge in order to fully understand…

Irvin pulls from an experiment conducted by Chris Thaiss and Terry Zawacki at George Maison University. The study on academic writing standards gathered information from numerous professors and stated one of the most important pillars of academic writing is “the dominance of reason over emotions or sensual perception. (5)” (Irvin, 13)

“An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and an adequate return. Operations not meeting this requirement are speculation.” (Graham, 34) Graham’s ideas are founded on thorough financial evaluations of a company’s books. His work is famous among investors, being one of the first investors to SOLEY use financial analysis to successfully invest in the market.

In addition to developing strategies based on carefully assessing the value of companies with a tried process, Graham also developed several mathematical formulas to help investors calculated the value of a stock based on various market shifter, which he explains in the Intelligent Investor.

I began my essay by pointing out early Judaism was focused around the covenant. The covenant can be used as a valid baseline for distinguishing the life of Jewish people. Common practices of Judaism had a strong influence on how Jesus lived his life. During the time he was alive it is unlikely that he wouldn’t have been unaffected by the idea of covenant practice, being that it was the dominant ideology for Jews of the time. Tom Holmen’s article Jesus, Judaism, and the Covenant aims to highlight Jesus and his Jewishness through his relationship with the covenant and covenant path searching. Path searching is the process of trying to figure out the best way to live in obedience to the covenant. Jews focused on specific practices in accordance with the covenant. Through covenant path searching Jews discovered how to be faithful an adjusted their lives accordingly.

Both Graham and I support our arguments with reason and rational. Graham backed his ideas with personal research, in the form of years of experience, observation, and implantation during his financial career. Graham consistently saw returns during his money management career by applying these methods, proving they’ve been tested and consistently yield a consistent result. My essay cited serval sources all of which were approved by my professor before and listed in a bibliography at the end of my paper. I also used historical context and a background knowledge of ancient Jewish law to strengthen my argument.

 

Bibliography

Rothman, Joshua. “Why Is Academic Writing So Academic?” The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 18 June 2017, www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/why-is-academic-writing-so-academic.

Irvin, Lennie L. “What is ‘Academic’ Writing?”. Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing. 1st ed. 2004. 3-17. Web.

I recently found out calling a woman a “female” is offensive. I had no idea I was offending half the population by calling someone what they are considered biologically. One of my friends had to explain to me that female has a negative connotation attached to it. She said, “…you would never call one of your guy friends a male, so why is it different for us…” I thought about it and realized she might be right. I still believe context matter a lot concerning an issue involving language. I’ve come to realize often times people don’t even realize they’re stereotyping or offending a group, they just don’t know.

Talking to new people and sharing my ideas actually helped me a lot. I was able to focus my ideas. I gained a lot from listening to other people and by helping them come up with ideas I was able to form some for my project as well.

I began this essay like any other paper, I created a rough outline. The goal of my outline was to focus my writing and create a structure for the information I’d gathered to fit into. The structure enhances my writing by connecting gathered information in a way that highlights and supports the point I’m trying to make. The annotated bibliography helped me start because I knew what information I had to build off of and was able to find secondary sources that would complement what I was required to cite. I don’t like my draft much aside from my introduction. I’m only happy with that because the elements of an introduction are consistent for the most part no matter the type of writing. Introduce your topic and give background information or a brief summary of what will be discussed. Aside from my intro, I can honestly say I like the rest of my essay, mostly because I’m still unsure about how to write a literary narrative.

I keep going back and forth, I’m unsure whether or not this essay itself should be more relaxed or academic. I don’t want my essay to feel unfocused but I don’t want to come off “too academic” or impersonal. Are there different steps for proving an argument depending on the style? I know every argument can’t be held to the same level of scrutiny but I’m unsure which persuasive method I should use, or how to integrate pieces of all them into my writing without a sacrificing structure of fluidity.

I’m not sure what to take away from this project. On one hand, it reinforced what I already knew and even introduced me to a few new ways to structure my academic writing.  On the other, I’m still extremely unsure of how to write a literary Narrative.The peer review was interesting because you get to see how other people read your writing, but I would have preferred a guided class session focused on structure and how to introduce key elements of a Literacy Narratives into our writing. I think the point of this project to help students understand that in college you have to take initiative and figure out how to be successful with the resources you have outside the classroom.

Aside from grammatical errors, I’m going to try and work in more of a personal tone. This is difficult because I don’t want to compromise the integrity of my essay. I also want to give my essay a bit more flow, in its current state it’s choppy. The essay also needs a conclusion that highlights the essays points and ties everything together.

I can’t really remember a time where I procrastinated. I do remember times when I’ve put assignments off, but that is only because I had other assignments and didn’t have choice. Most of the time academic anxiety will get the best of me concerning school and I’ll finish assignments a day ahead of time so I can check and fine tune them the day before they’re due. To meet my goals I write them down, and bullet the steps needed to reach them. I also write down my fears because I’ve found those are a great motivator for me personally.

What is Academic writing? There are many different writing styles and purposes for writing in the world of academic literature, usually contingent upon one another. However, there are several key elements all academic work should possess. Academic writing is generally classified was written work targeted at a very specific audience, with an assumed based of knowledge on the topics that will be discussed. Good academic writing proves an argument through reason and rational, making as few assumption as possible. The author should demonstrate a well rounded understanding of the argument on all fronts and build upon pre-existing knowledge through the use of credible sources or a substantial amount of tested personal research and analysis. Academic literature should also show an awareness of views opposite its own and be researched well enough to constantly support its claim against opposition.

 Although he may be best known for being Warren Buffett’s mentor, Ben Graham was also an extremely capable investor who was very success during his money management career. Known as “The Father of Value Investing”, Graham was also a professor at Columbia University when he authored The Intelligent Investor as a guide for those who traded securities and wanted in increase their return on invest.

The Intelligent Investor is for those who have already be introduced to the world of economics and finance. If you’re reading the Intelligent Investor it is assumed you are already familiar with the world of investing. A casual reader would quickly find themselves overwhelmed by financial terms, investment principles, and economic concepts (fair outside of common knowledge) mentioned that Graham expects the reader to be familiar with if they’ve picked up his book.

Graham’s strategies are based on logic and reasoning “An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and an adequate return. Operations not meeting this requirements are speculation.” (Graham, 34) Graham’s ideas are based on thorough financial evaluations of a company’s books. His work is famous among investors, being one of the first investors to solely use financial analysis to successfully invest in the market.

 The investor’s primary interest lies in acquiring and holding suitable securities at stable prices. Market movements are important to him in a practical sense, because they alternately create low price levels which he would be wise to buy and high price levels at which he certainly should refrain from buying and probably would be wise to sell. It is far from certain that the typical investor should regularly hold off buying until low market levels appear because this may involved a long wait, very likely the loss of income, and possibly missing of investment opportunities

In this except Graham’s makes a claim and offers multiple pieces of evidence in support of it. In addition to developing strategies based on carefully assessing the value of companies with a tried process, Graham also developed several mathematical formulas to help investors calculated the value of a stock based on various market shifter, which he explains in the Intelligent Investor.

Jesus the Jew is a Jewish Studies course offered at The City College of New York. While enrolled in the course I had to write a paper on the Jewishness of Jesus. My claim was “Jesus practiced and taught what he believed to be the proper version of Judaism. He had his own idea of how to remain faithful, while retaining traditional Jewish values.” (Williams)

I began my essay by pointing out that early judaism was focused around the covenant. The covenant can be used as a valid baseline for distinguishing early Judaism. Judaism had a strong influence on Jesus’s thoughts and message. During the time he was alive it is unlikely that he wouldn’t have been unaffected by the idea of covenant practice being that it was the dominant ideology of the time. Tom Holmen’s article Jesus, Judaism, and the Covenant aims to highlight Jesus and his Jewishness through his relationship with the covenant and covenant path searching. Path searching is the process of trying to figure out the best way to live in obedience with the covenant. Jews focusing on specific practices and beliefs in accordance with the covenant. Through covenant path searching jews discovered how to be faithful and adjusted their lives accordingly.

Irvin list The Understanding of Key Disciplinary Concepts and Strategies for Synthesizing, Analyzing, and Responding Critically to New Information as things that should be demonstrated in college level literary task.

“An analysis breaks a subject apart to study it closely, and from this inspection, ideas for writing emerge. When writing assignments call on you to analyze, they require you to identify the parts of the subject (parts of an ad, parts of a short story, parts of Hamlet’s character), and then show how these parts fit or don’t fit together to create some larger effect or meaning” (Irvin, 11)

Understanding the covenant and the relationship Jewish people had with it and understanding Jesus relationship with the convent then being able to connect the toward to gain an understand of jesus relationship with the jewish people/faith demonstrate bother. My essay is also now for a select group of people. My essay is also organized. I begin by making a claim, the paragraphs that follow all support this claim by tying together different pieces of evidence. My essay also cites several sources all of which are after the essay in an annotated bibliography.

“Academic prose is, ideally, impersonal, written by one disinterested mind for other equally disinterested minds. But, because it’s intended for a very small audience of hyper-knowledgeable, mutually acquainted specialists” (Rothman, 3) Both my essay Graham essay and mind are examples of this, being extremely focused and require background knowledge in order to fully understand…

Citation:

Irvin, Lennie L. “What is ‘Academic’ Writing?”. Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing. 1st ed. 2004. 3-17. Web.

Summary:

Irvin’s goal is to help introduce students to high level writing and provide a loose writing guide that will make the transition from high school level writing to college writing easier for those entering university. We begin by debunking some common myths about writing. The author then discusses the tools the reader will need in order to write a well rounded college paper. Next we go into the different types of papers, and what is expected out of the reader depending on the type of question asked. We end with a list of elements that should be present in one way of another in all academic literature.

Evaluation:

This will serve as a guide as to how I should write my essays. I can use this information to explain the structures and purposes for academic writing. It will also help me understand where I succeeded and/or failed in my pervious work.

Citation:

Rothman, Joshua. “Why Is Academic Writing So Academic?”. The New Yorker. The New Yorker. June 2017. www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/why-is-academic-writing-so-academic. Sept. 2017.

Summary:

This article is Rothmans take on academic writing and how it got to were it is today. Journalism seems friendly because it has to be inviting, the audience is often a stranger. Academic writing although it may seem colorless and impersonal is actually one of the most personal writing styles, the author is addressing a small group of knowledgable individuals who don’t need to be convinced the argument worth caring about. Nicholas Kristof called out professors in an article he wrote for the New York Times. Kristof claims professors “marginalized” themselves. Their need to keep academia exclusive has lead to less public intellectuals on university campuses. Rothman believes academics don’t write this way to keep others out. Professor write in a competitive genre for very small groups, with a large amount of influence in their field and possibly on the professors individual career.

Evaluation:

This article helps me understand the importance tailoring my writing for a specific audience and how to be more effective in targeting my work. The majority of my writing in college will be extremely focused and for a specific audience.

Citation:

Orwell, George. “Why I Write,”. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 1947. http://www.george-orwell.org/Why_I_Write/0.html, Accessed 4 March 2009.

Summary:

We get a look at what shaped the author into the writer he is today. The majority of his childhood was spent in solitude, because of his relationship with his imaginary friends and habit for telling stories. After a brief look at his upbringing the author list why he thinks anyone writes. The reasons are ego, aesthetic enthusiasm, historical impulse, political purpose. Orwell’s goal is to make political writing an art, but still he cannot ignore his need to create an aesthetic experience for the reader.

Evaluation:

This article helped me understand the importance of purpose and analyzing what the goal is when writing. This will help me focus my writing. It will also help me in understanding why I’ve included certain sentences or chose certain words in my work and what should do going forward.

I will be analyzing my “Principles of Marketing” final paper….

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

Ethos: I decided to include information from a study done by the “The Content Marketing Institute.” I also cited famous Marketer Seth Godin before going into one of my body paragraphs to help support my argument. I also used information from a study that was done by Nike that discussed how important the power of branding has been for them.