Month: April 2021

Hook: 

Before 2020, almost every student had dreamed about staying home all the time, instead of going to school, work, etc. Surprisingly, this dream had come true by the year 2020. Everyone was trapped at home, they could play video games, watch TV shows, spend time with their families, etc. They could do everything that they couldn’t do before the pandemic; everyone was having fun. However, most people didn’t realize the hidden crisis behind this special time period.

 

Statement of Problem:

Around 16 years after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, another highly pathogenic coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), emerged in mid-december, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The disease spread rapidly across all the Chinese provinces in a few days, and then spread to worldword in a unimaginable speed. As a result of COVID-19, higher education has moved to deliver courses online since Spring 2020. To reduce transmission of the COVID-19, several countries established measures on infection prevention and control by limiting contact between people, quarantine in the other words. Higher education communities aimed to slow the spread of the virus by protecting vulnerable students, staff, and faculty and to help ensure a safe and healthy learning environment. Many college campuses and universities transitioned to remote learning where classes were held online. However, many studies had found that quarantine had severe impacts on students’ mental health state, and it also hinder students’ studying ability by stress. 

 

Thesis statement:

Quarantine has negative impacts on students. It brought severe impacts on students’ mental health state, which would hinder students’ studying abilities by expose them under stress. 

 

Subargument 1:

Quarantine bought severe impacts on students’ mental health state. 

 

Support 1: 

 Unlike individual level traumatic events, the COVID-19 outbreak has been a continuing crisis for every member of society. It is well known that stressful events such as natural disaters and man-made traumas can have a significant mental health impact and can result in conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. (Kopala-Sibley et al., 2016; Plexousakis et al., 2019; Schwartz et al., 2019)

 

Support 2: 

Quarantine has shorten the sleeping duration for students. According to the research conducted by Wanjie Tang, et al. The prevalence of probable PTSD and depression was determinded to be 2.7% and 9.0%. Sleep durations per night since the outbreak of the COVID-19 were as follows:<6 hours (n=67,2.7%), 6-7 hours (n=134, 5.4%) 7-8 hours (n=822, 33.1%), 8-9 hours (n=700, 28.2%), 9-10 hours (n=601, 24.2%) and >10 hours (n=161, 6.5%). ( Wanjie, Tang, et al.)

 

Support 3: 

Quarantine had cut out almost all of the regular communication between people. Lack of regular communication caused an increase in anxiety levels of teenagers and stress which can be counteracted by regular exercise and keeping the mind and body healthy. Most of the people quarantined / home isolated, had a fear of being attacked by the virus and an anxiety of being socially wiped out. (Gurumurthy, K, et al. 2020)

 

Subargument 2: 

Students have difficulty with studying under stress.

 

Support 1:

In 2009, Lars Schwabe, Oliver T. Wolf. conducted a research on Forty-eight healthy young men and women recruited at the Ruhr-University Bochum, they were given memory tests that required them to write down the words that they had listened in the recording that they had heard. Participants were divided into two groups, one group that were told that they need to memorize as much words as possible in advance, in other words, group with stress and another group were not. The result of this study profound memory impairment in participants that were stressed during learning. Learning under stress reduced both free recall and recognition performance by more than 30%(Lars Schwabe, Oliver T. Wolf. 2009)

 

Support 2: 

Students are at a very critical stage of development, and they must no only have to face major changes in their own physiology, psychology, and external environment, but also bear more burdens of school work and pressure of going to higher level education institution. However, continuous excessive study pressure will put students in a high degree of stress. As a result, it will leads to severe problems on students physical and mental health. 

 

Support 3:

Excessive study pressure and the failure of  students to find a reasonable way of venting will directly lead to psychological problems. Learning is a gradual process. If students are under too much psychological pressure, they will have a rebellious mentality in learning, and will have a sense of disgust towards learning, which will directly lead to serious problems in students’ learning and stagnation. Such a vicious circle will make students have a very bad mental state, they will not find a way to solve the problem, and they will not be able to do anything well, which will make them feel deeply frustrated. (Qiaoyan Huang, 2019)

 

Subargument 3:  Personal experience of remote learning and stress of quarantine.

 

Support 1: 

Many firms that used to provide scholarship to college students and the US government had cut down their budgets on students’ aid. For example, TAP ( Tuition Assistance Program),  a aid program that helps New York State residents going to college with their tuition, had delay my Academic Excellence Award for 2019-2020 school year. Therefore, I have to hold a part-time job which I have to work at least 48 hours per week to cover my rent and basic living expenses in New York City area. This part time job takes over more than half of the time that I used to spend on my study before the quarantine, which leads me to decrease my work quality in order to turn in assignments on time, or even miss my deadlines.

 

Support 2: 

Quarantine leads to obesity which might have severe impacts on students physical health. Quarantine make people to be lazy that people are trying not to be engaged with activities. As a result, students do not continue with their daily exercise or work-out routine, which will lead to heart disease—even for people who have no other risk factors. It can also increase the likelihood of developing other heart disease risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. According to the research that I had done, 48 out of 50 students had reported that they had gained weights during the quarantine, and 33 students gained more than 10% of their original weight, 23 students gained more than 15% of their original weight, and 16 students gained more than 20% of their original weight.

 

Support 3:

Quarantine hinder students’ studying abilities by distraction and social media addiction. Since students had moved from school to their home which are fulled with various distractions or other factors that make them unable to focus on their study, such as family members, chores, noises, etc. Based on my primary research, 50 out of 50 students reported that they were having some difficulties with focusing on their study at their home. Also, more than 93% of respondents have spend at least 2 hours more on social media during the quarantine than before. As a result, students would not be able to spend the same amount of time on their study, which will leads to a decline on their grades.

 

Conclusion:

Quarantine broughts severe impacts on students mental health state, it changes students sleeping pattern and escalarate students’ anxiety level which might leads to PTSD. Also, studying under stress will have negative impacts on students studying abilities, and excessive studying stress might lead to both psychological and physical problems on students. Since quarantine has many severe impacts on students’ mental, physical health and studying abilities, we should try our best and united all of us together to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus and make everything back to normal for students benefits.

 

References:

Aguilera-Hermida, A. (2020, September 09). College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due To covid-19. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266637402030011X

Huang, Q. (2019, July). 学习压力对初中生心理健康的影响. 爱学术. https://www.ixueshu.com/document/90e2dbb65f479b6233c6a6c41b4c92b7318947a18e7f9386.html. 

Gurumurthy, K., Priya, V., Don, K., & Gayathri, R. (2020, December 01). Knowledge and awareness on the mental health of students during the quarantine period. Retrieved March 21, 2021, from https://www.ejmcm.com/article_3293.html

Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2009, September 29). Learning under stress impairs memory formation. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074742709001993. 

Wanjie Tang, Tao Hu, Baodi Hu, CHunhan Jin, Gang Wang, Chao Xie, Sen Chen, Jiuping Xu. (2020, September 01). Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symtons one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. Retrieved April 18, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016503272030879X

 

Hook: Have you ever looked through your bookbag and found hundreds of pieces of looseleaf paper that are scattered everywhere; a crumpled artwork or a half ripped calculus homework sticking out of your folder? Have you tried to do your history homework that’s due next period in your math class where you wished you had your phone?

Statement of the problem/debate:  The lack of school funds makes checking out computer carts a pain in the ass for many teachers. Those who end up without one just give up and try some other day. There are also teachers who even question the use of technology in classrooms. Is it really benefiting students or are they hindering academic progress? Studies showed how there are actually more benefits as to drawbacks from incorporating technology in classrooms. 

Thesis Statement: Technology is critical to student performance as it offers a wide range of opportunities and information. Schools are at a disadvantage without access to new technology.

Body Paragraphs 

Subargument #1: Has an obvious impact on student grades.

Support 1: “Students with full access to technology scored at least half a standard deviation higher on the NAEP, relative to those without access.” (Blagg & Luetmer, 2020) Study from NAEP showed how the older you get, the bigger the impact it is with/without technology use. It can be shown by the achievement gaps between these two groups of students.

Support 2: “For example, Massachusetts, which posted the highest 8th grade math scores on the 2019 NAEP, also reported the highest percentage of 8th graders with access to the internet and a computer at home (93 percent, tied with New Jersey). However, the small number of 8th graders surveyed in Massachusetts without access to a device and/or the internet at home are, on average, more than 40 months of learning behind their peers with technology.”(Blagg & Luetmer, 2020)

Support 3:  Online learning/Covid-19. Keeps students on track and learning even on times where they can’t meet face-to-face with teachers. An example would be during Covid, where we can’t imagine how school will be like without technology. Students might go on for several months or even years without education.

Subargument #2:  Development of skills

Support 1: Encourages self-paced learning. Those who need extra help can make time out of classrooms to practice and catch up. Resources are accessible 24/7. Students learn to self-teach in areas where they feel are lacking. (Himmelsbach, 2021)

Support 2: Problem solving skills. “Children need to know how to search, research and frame the question they are really asking, and this is a vital skill that learning technology develops. Learning how to code can help nurture the problem-solving skills that are central to success in formal education and beyond.” (Immerse Education, 2021)

Support 3: “Children who don’t develop technological expertise will be left behind in the digital revolution. They may also miss out on the secondary benefits of learning technology skills, such as building problem-solving and logic skills. It’s been proven that learning new skills also equips children with a developmental mindset, which also improves learning agility (quote research).” (Immerse Education, 2021) 

Subargument #3: Offers unlimited resources, opportunities and information.

Support 1: “Help keep both students and teachers organized. They have so much access that I can say ‘Okay let’s look this up’ and you can find it where your book restricts you to just what’s in this book but it’s finding a way to implement it only one needed. ” ( LilPesono11, 2015) Students aren’t only limited to textbook information, but also all the information out there.

Support 2: “Schools can use digital resources in a variety of ways to support teaching and learning. Electronic grade books, digital portfolios, learning games, and real-time feedback on teacher and student performance, are a few ways that technology can be utilized to power learning.” (DOE, n.d)

Support 3: “Online learning has the potential to improve educational productivity by accelerating the rate of learning, taking advantage of learning time outside of school hours, reducing the cost of instructional materials, and better utilizing teacher time. These strategies can be particularly useful in rural areas where blended or online learning can help teachers and students in remote areas overcome distance.” (DOE, n.d)

Counterclaim: Technology is hurting students both physically and mentally.

Support 1: Technology serves as a big distraction to students, since it’s so easy to change from tab to tab. It’s too easy to lose students during lectures. (LilPesono11, 2015) 

Support 2: Another problem is penmanship. Students are losing the ability to write or read handwritings. (LilPesono11, 2015) A teacher explains how some students weren’t able to read her handwriting on the chalkboard which was normally in scriptive where they had learned when they were young.

Rebuttal:  “teachers reported individual students performing better. Self-esteem and motivation were measured and reported to be strong at all sites Student attendance was up, and instances of discipline problems in ACOT classrooms ranged from zero to few.” (Educational Leadership, 1991)This shows the Changes from no technology to after technology was implemented in classrooms. The shift in attitude from teachers also proved the importance of tech on student performance. As long as there is a balance between the use of technology and learning, it can become a powerful learning tool for students.

Conclusion: Technology use in classrooms has never-ending benefits for students. It’s important for schools to implement new technology in lessons as well as for school, in general. However, one major setback is not having enough funding for schools or families who aren’t able to afford them.

Sources 

Himmelsbach, V. (2021, January 11). How does technology impact student learning? Retrieved April 19, 2021, from https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/ 

Immerse Education. (2021, January 14). Why are technology skills so important to today’s students? Retrieved April 19, 2021, from https://www.immerse.education/articles/why-are-tech-skills-so-important-to-todays-students/ 

LilPesono11. (2015, February 18). Pros and cons of implementing technology in the classroom. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7mq-HOU62c

Blagg, K., & Luetmer, G. (2020, April 28). Even before the pandemic, students with limited technology access lagged behind their peers. https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/even-pandemic-students-limited-technology-access-lagged-behind-their-peers 

Use of technology in teaching and learning. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2021, from https://www.ed.gov/oii-news/use-technology-teaching-and-learning 

Educational Leadership (1991, May). Changes in Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Technology-Rich Classrooms.

Introduction: 

Hook: We were taught that the internet is bad for us. Many teens report positive when using social media but when questioned what they think about social media they report negatively. Why is that? 

Statement of Problem: As technology is advancing and becoming more common especially with Gen z, which is known for growing up around it. This started people to question the impact of technology on us. This raised the misconception that the internet hinders our ability to communicate to face to face. 

Thesis: The internet does not hinder our ability to speak face-to-face but instead supplement our ability to. 

Body Paragraph 1: Where does the misconception that internet / social media negatively affect our ability to communicate face – to- face. 

• We were taught that internet is bad for us
• The analysis that the internet is negatively affecting us comes from our teachers and parents. 
• Because creating a study to effectively determine the effect of the internet on social ability is almost impossible since there are too many factors to consider there isn’t one. 

 

Body Paragraph 2: Difference between heavy users and light users. 

• One of the factors when discussing how the internet affects our ability is heavy users and light users. 
• Heavy users information and how 
• Light user information and explain how new users often report feeling stressed out using the internet. 

 

Body Paragraph 3: defining social ability 

• Derives from teachers and parents 
• Connect to the first paragraph and explain more in detail why research on social ability is not reliable and why it is so hard to conduct research on social ability. 

Raise Counter argument: Light users do feel stressed about the internet because they often find it difficult to find other people and look for platforms where they are able to explore themselves. 

• Conclusion:

Restatement of thesis: There often is the misconception that the internet has a negative impact on our social ability. But such statements aren’t backed with proper research since there are too many factors to take into account when conducting a research on social ability. Taking a closer look into how the internet affects us isolating some factors we find that the internet supplements our ability to communicate face-to-face. 

 

Work Cited:

 Downey, D. B., & Gibbs, B. G. (2020). Kids these days: are face-to-face social skills among American children declining?. American journal of sociology, 125(4), 1030-1083.

https://www.gwern.net/docs/psychology/2020-downey.pdf 

 Baym, N.K., Zhang, Y.B., & Lin, M. (2004) Social Interactions across Media: Interpersonal Communication on the Internet, Face-to-Face,and the Telephone. New Media & Society, Vol. 6(3), 299-318

 

Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American behavioral scientist, 45(3), 436-455.

Westerman, D., Daniel, E. S., & Bowman, N. D. (2016). Learned risks and experienced rewards: Exploring the potential sources of students’ attitudes toward social media and face-to-face communication. The Internet and Higher Education, 31, 52-57.

 

Hook: Do you ever go through a surge of emotions when that instagram filter comes off of your face? Making you wish you looked like that in real life.

 

Statement of the Problem: As technology is advancing, we are becoming more and more dependent on it. Due to the increasingly, sedentary lifestyle, we are starting to lead, we are starting to use social media to keep in touch with what’s happening around us and our social lives in general. And, the constant representation of the “thin ideal” on social media platforms can lead its users to developing a lower self-esteem, leading them to resort to unhealthy ways to attain or maintain the ideal body.

 

Thesis Statement: All of these sources describe various factors that lead an individual in the US to developing body dysmorphia. Furthermore, leading the individual to developing eating disorders to attain and/or maintain the “thin” body standard.

 

Body Paragraphs

Subargument # 1

The stereotype of people with heavier body being depicted as lazy while the thinner body as desirable  

Support 1: General stereotype

“obesity stigma refers to the negative attitudes, stereotypes, and discriminatory behavior directed at overweight youth. Across development, youth view their overweight peers to be more selfish, lazy, stupid, ugly, sloppy, and unlikeable than acquaintances of normal weight. Obese children are also less likely to be preferred as playmates, and experience high levels of social rejection, teasing, and bullying. Obesity stigma, which has been documented in children as young as 3, worsens over the course of development, only lessening during the college years.”

Support 2: Perpetuated fatphobia growing up

1. According to Eating and Body Dysmorphic Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #33 by CrashCourse published on October 6th, 2014
2. 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat

Support 3:

Further Glorifications and advertisement of ways people can attain certains bodies in the media.

 

Subargument # 2

Adolescents comparing themselves to the “ideal” bodies on the media

Support 1:

.How social media influencers have promoted unrealistic body standards.

 

Support 2: 

Various tools such as the lighting and angles go into making the pictures artists post that way.

 

Support 3:

Photoshopping and filter is used to further utilize body social media influencers.

 

Subargument # 3

Comparison can lead to body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders

 

Support 1:

The constant representation of an “ideal” body can have a negative effect on one’s self-esteem

“According to the article “ Association between the use of social media and photograph editing applications, self-esteem, and cosmetic surgery acceptance” by Jonlin Chen and other researchers published in the year 2019, studies have shown that “social media engagement may exacerbate an individual’s body image concerns through active comparison with peers.”

Support 2:

This can lead adolescents to developing body dysmorphia

 

Support 3:

changing eating habits or integrating various eating habits to attain their desired body. As a result, it would lead to the development of EDs.

“Over 50% of teenage girls and nearly 30% of teenage boys have used grounding weight control methods like fasting, skipping meals, smoking vomiting, or using laxatives”

Hook: Feeling stressed out during this quarantine that we are having right now? How much longer will this quarantine last?

Statement of problem/debate: During this pandemic quarantine is the first opinion that was taken to prevent the spread of the disease, it has been a year now there is still no actual cure to this disease. Quarantine is not a long term solution to counter this pandemic, many health issues and economic stress has been brought to many families.

Thesis: Quarantine is not a long term solution to the pandemic.

Subargument 1: Quarantine leading to obesity

Support 1: “due to the anxiety caused by the hypothesis of a future food shortage, people buy large quantities of packaged and long-lasting food rather than fresh food. Foods with a long shelf life have a high content of salt, sugar or trans fats which increases the risk of obesity.”

Support 2: “One of the consequences of quarantine stress is a change in lifestyle and eating habits reported that stress-related eating (defined as trying to make oneself feel better by eating or drinking in a stressful situation) was significantly associated with obesity, mainly in women. There may be a gender-specific response to stress in which women are more likely to use food to deal with stress, whereas men are more likely to use other oral behaviors such as alcohol consumption or smoking as strategies to cope with stress”

Support 3:It is well known that obesity is associated to a chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation which contributes to the activation of atherosclerothic plaques, making patients affected by obesity more vulnerable to cardiovascular events. Inflammatory markers were seen to increase by short-term as well as long-term stress.

 

Subargument 2: Psychological impact of quarantine

Support 1:Three studies showed that longer durations of quarantine were associated with poorer mental health specifically, post-traumatic stress symptoms,avoidance behaviours, and anger.Although the duration of the quarantine was not always clear, one study showed that those quarantined for more than 10 days showed significantly higher post-traumatic stress symptoms than those quarantined for less than 10 days.

Support 2: Participants in eight studies reported fears about their own health or fears of infecting others and were more likely to fear infecting family members than those not quarantined.They also became particularly worried if they experienced any physical symptoms potentially related to the infection and fear that the symptoms could reflect having the infection continued to be related to psychological outcomes several months later.

Support 3: Confinement, loss of usual routine, and reduced social and physical contact with others were frequently shown to cause boredom, frustration, and a sense of isolation from the rest of the world, which was distressing to participants.

Subargument 3: Financial crisis caused by quarantine

Support 1: In the reviewed studies, the financial loss as a result of quarantine created serious socio economic distress and was found to be a risk factor for symptoms of psychological disorders and both anger and anxiety several months after quarantine.

Support 2: Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, surveyed around 3,500 respondents nationwide in July and early August and found that nearly half of American households faced lost jobs or pay cuts during the pandemic.

Support 3: Potentially related to financial loss, participants with a combined annual household income of less than CAN$40 000 showed significantly higher amounts of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms.

 

Subargument: Isolation caused by quarantine

Support 1: These social distancing efforts have led to remote working; remote or online education; cancellation of sporting, entertainment, and professional events; and, closures of museums, parks, churches and much more.

Support 2: Dissociating is a natural response to high stress situations (especially trauma) and exists on a spectrum.

Support 3: Being lonely has several adverse impacts on mental health. Reduced time in bed spent asleep (7% reduced sleep efficiency) and increased wake time after sleep onset have been related to loneliness

 

In conclusion, quarantine might be a great way to stop the spread of covid-19 but it is not the long term solution to the pandemic, it caused many issues like obesity, isolation, financial crisis, as well as mental impact. It is a better solution that the government should put in more effect to find the cure to the disease so that the stressor would be gone and our society could go back to the way they were.

Holt-Lunstad, J. (2020, June 22). The double pandemic of social isolation and covid-19: Cross-sector policy must address both: Health affairs blog. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200609.53823

Price, S. (n.d.). Pandemic Pressures:COVID-19 poses serious behavioral health challenges By Sean Price Texas medicine october 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.texmed.org/TexasMedicineDetail.aspx?id=54816

Life doesn’t feel real anymore: Dissociation in the time of covid-19. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://mhanational.org/life-doesnt-feel-real-anymore-dissociation-time-covid-19

Define_me. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)30460-8/fulltext

Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020, June 22). Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in FAMILIES facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713/full

Pak, A., Adegboye, O., Adekunle, A., Rahman, K., McBryde, E., & Eisen, D. (2020, May 18). Economic consequences of the covid-19 outbreak: The need for epidemic preparedness. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00241/full

Farmer, B. (2020, September 28). Nearly two-thirds of U.s. HOUSEHOLDS struck BY covid-19 face financial trouble. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/28/916605221/nearly-two-thirds-of-u-s-households-struck-by-covid-19-face-financial-trouble

Mattioli, A., Pinti, M., Farinetti, A., & Nasi, M. (2020, December). Obesity risk during collective quarantine for the COVID-19 EPIDEMIC. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282788/

Hook: Have you dreamt of traveling to a beautiful place, especially a stadium, but your dream was cut in half because of Covid-19? 

 

Statement of the problem/debate: The unfortunate pandemic has overall had multiple effects on earth, two of those effects being decreased traveling and financial losses. I will find a sport that has faced both of these issues: soccer. Since the beginning of the pandemic, lots of people have been unable to travel (within a country or overseas) due to the fear of getting infected, or they have lost their jobs and therefore they have found themselves in difficult economic situations. These problems have led to soccer getting blown by financial hits. However, there are tools that can help accomplish traveling without even having to move from your place, keeping your money saved and also bringing some income to soccer. The advanced technologies (apps and games) make possible for people to virtually travel across the world without any cost. In the meantime, an idea for the sport of soccer to generate income would be to make sponsorships and contracts with the apps.  

 

Thesis Statement: For more than a year now, financial blows that have struck soccer have also left their mark on many other areas that in a way or another are connected to soccer, such as business, employment, traveling, etc. 

 

Body Paragraphs 

 

Subargument #1: The overall income loss of the most watched leagues and clubs of soccer. 

Support 1: “Twenty of Europe’s biggest clubs lost more than €1bn in revenue over the past year while almost 10% has been knocked off players’ average values as the game struggles with the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to a study by the market analyst KPMG.” (Lowe, 2021) 

Support 2: “And if sports remain shut down for a total of three months (it may well be longer), sports occupations could lose a total of $12.3 billion in earnings by mid-June. That’s an average of $133.4 million in earnings every day, or $92.6K every minute.” (Burrow, 2020) 

Support 3: “Instead, more recent forecasts estimate a total loss of €4 billion across 20 top leagues (rather than five) and two seasons (rather than one).” (Cole, 2020) 

 

Subargument #2:  How the absence of fans in the stands has affected their teams. 

Support 1: “Whilst the full financial impact of COVID-19 is yet to be felt,” reported Deloitte ahead of the 2020-21 season, “it is anticipated that the clubs in smaller footballing countries and those in the lower leagues of larger countries will be hit the hardest. These clubs typically have a greater dependency on matchday revenues.” With nobody coming through the turnstiles, clubs are innovating ways to create revenue on matchdays.” (Cole, 2020) 

Support 2: “Fans in stadiums don’t just affect box-office receipts, though that’s obviously a big driver. They also affect stadium sponsorship, hospitality and merchandise, all important revenue streams for clubs. The impression here is that the 50% figure might be on the conservative side, which would further drive down that €4 billion in lost revenue.” (Marcotti, 2020) 

Support 3: “A broader, 20-team sample of European teams calculated an aggregate loss of revenue of €1bn, with an 18.5% decline in revenue at Manchester United, 12.3% at Tottenham and 7.9% at Liverpool. Liverpool’s decrease, a result of having to play behind closed doors and their early exit from the Champions League, where they were knocked out by Atlético Madrid just before lockdown, was mitigated by a 14% rise in commercial revenue.” (Lowe, 2021) 

 

Subargument #3: There are millions of jobs that are being lost because of lack of activity. 

Support 1: “The global value of the sports industry is estima­ted at US$756 billion annually. In the face of COVID-19, many millions of jobs are therefore at risk globally, not only for sports professionals but also for those in related retail and sporting services industries connected with leagues and events, which include travel, tourism, infrastructure, transportation, catering and media broadcasting, among others.” (United Nations, 2020) 

Support 2: “The economic impact of COVID-19 on US sports has been a low blow. When every sporting event was canceled or postponed in mid-March, this surreal move impacted approximately 1.3 million sports jobs: furloughed, reduced, or erased.” (Burrow, 2020) 

Support 3: “Despite showing accounting profits of nearly €200m (£178m) over the past three seasons, working capital is limited even at a big club like Liverpool who have been hugely successful on the pitch.” (Marcotti, 2020) 

 

Subargument #4: The techniques the clubs are applying to avoid losing money. 

Support 1: “Clubs and broadcasters will lean on technological solutions to deliver new types of content and diversify revenue sources. Sponsors will require more meaningful relationships with clubs and supporters to ensure they are getting their money’s worth. Again, this is likely to involve digital solutions, as big data and club websites are put to work personalizing fans’ experience (and advertising profiles).” (Cole, 2020) 

Support 2: “Madrid returned a profit despite income dropping by 8% through cost-cutting measures including 10% salary cuts applied to all their players and summer sales. They did not sign anyone in the summer and while they have the biggest budget in the study it has reduced by more than €200m this season.” (Lowe, 2021) 

Support 3: “Not every club is in the same boat. Some have owners who are in a position to directly inject cash or take on debt to deal with the issue, but the problem is very real and it’s felt in the transfer market. It may appear as not being terribly important because ultimately when players are bought and sold most of the money “stays in the system,” shifting from one club to another, but in fact, in accounting terms, “player trading” — and the fact that through the magic of amortization you can generate paper profits seemingly out of thin air — is hugely important to many clubs.” (Marcotti, 2020) 

 

Conclusion: To sum up, during the last 13 months the most watched sport in the world, soccer, has experienced some major changes, mostly for worse. First come the considerable economic losses, then follows business, traveling, unemployment, players and teams’ development etc. All of these outcomes are a result of the ongoing virus. 

 

Sources 

“The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport, Physical Activity and Well-Being and Its Effects on Social Development | DISD.” United Nations, United Nations, www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2020/05/covid-19-sport/. 

“Covid-19 Impact Leaves Major European Football Clubs with €1bn Loss.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 14 Jan. 2021, www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jan/14/covid-19-impact-leaves-major-european-football-clubs-with-1bn-loss. 

“The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on US Sports.” Emsi, 20 July 2020, www.economicmodeling.com/2020/05/28/the-economic-impact-of-covid-19-on-us-sports-up-to-92-6k-lost-every-minute/. 

Marcotti, G. (2020, September 10). Football’s economy has taken a hit from COVID-19, but it’s not as bad as first feared. Retrieved March 26, 2021, from https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4177249/footballs-economy-has-taken-a-hit-from-covid-19but-its-not-as-bad-as-first-feared  

Cole. (2020). How is COVID-19 affecting the Football (Soccer) Industry? Retrieved March 13, 2021, from https://www.masterstudies.com/article/how-is-covid-19-affecting-the-football-industry/ 

Tilp, M., & Thaller, S. (2020, October 02). Covid-19 has Turned home advantage into Home disadvantage in the German Soccer Bundesliga. Retrieved March 19, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2020.593499/full  

Latest announcement on HOW Covid-19 will affect the Premier League, EFL AND SPFL | Sky sports news. (2020, March 13). Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU5QWjRJApc  

Introduction

Hook: Playing video games, a term that used to describe people that were nerds and adults that still live in their parent’s basement, doing nothing. Growing up in the twenty-first century, technology was everywhere. There were many different types of game consoles and different games being developed every year, and with the internet, these things became more accessible to everyone. 

Statement of the Problem/Debate: Video games have become so much a part of our lives, but we still lack the knowledge about the effects it has on us. Scientists have been looking more into the positive effects of video games on the gamer.  Playing video games has been proved to mentally benefit the gamer. In the human brain, different parts of the brain are affected positively like the attention span and regulation of the brain when playing video games. Many studies have found gamers mentally benefit from playing video games, especially violent video games. Gamers benefited from playing video games in four main ways cognitively, emotionally, socially, and motivationally. The effects have been found to be very beneficial to the users since they learn valuable skills they will need in the future.

Thesis Statement: Video games are associated with negative effects, it’s also crucial to understand video games are beneficial to their users cognitively, emotionally, socially, and motivation.  

Body Paragraphs:

Subargument # 1: Cognitive skills improve when people play video games. 

Support 1: In a meta-analysis, found spatial skills improved by playing a shooting game, the effects were similar to high school and university courses made to develop this skill (Granic et al, 2014). The spatial skills can be trained with video games relatively quick and the effects are long-lasting (Granic et al, 2014). 

Support 2: Attention spans increased for gamers, when asked to identify happy faces from a bunch of facial expressions, adults on average were able to identify 3 to 4 objects, while gamers were able to identify 6 to 7 objects in the same time frame  Bavelier, June 2012).

Support 3: Two meta-analyses published in Psychological Bulletin in 2017, found that over the span of 15 years players’ cognitive skills improved for gamers (Warnick, October 2019). “They found that video game players scored higher in tests of attention, perception, cognitive flexibility and spatial cognition” (Warnick, October 2019).

Subargument # 2: Video games create an environment that is beneficial to one’s emotional well-being. 

Support 1:Many studies have shown how playing video games improved mood or increased positive emotions (Granic et al, 2014). Playing puzzle video games with minimum interfaces, a short-term commitment, and easy accessibility promotes better mood, stay relaxed, and not feel anxiety (Granic et al, 2014). 

Support 2: According to an Oxford study, it was founded by playing four hours of the game Animal Cross it was found that the players were happier (Hern, November 2020).

Support 3: Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, stated the idea behind flow is the mental state that gamers experience when they are so engaged in the game is linked to the production of positive emotions like high self-esteem and a feeling of achievement (Vitelli, February 2014).

Subargument # 3: Playing video games has allowed the development of many important social skills. 

Support 1:Video game players have been able to gain important prosocial skills when they play interactive video games like cooperation, support, and helping behavior (Granic et al, 2014). 

Support 2: Playing video games is a very common free time activity for children to work in teams. As a result, many children that play video games are socially able to connect with their peers and adapt to the school environment (Anonymous, March 2016). 

Support 3: Professor of psychology at Nottingham Trent University, Mark Griffiths, he did a survey with 900 people in 45 different countries on people who played online multiplayer games and found that one-third of both male and female participants responded they made good friends when playing games and the average amount of good friends made was seven (Gregory, April 2020).

Subargument # 4: Gamers have been able to develop motivational skills from playing video games.

Support 1: Video games allow the player to face failure with optimism, when they face failure the player in the video games are motivated to return to the same task and complete until they win (Granic et al, 2014).

Support 2: Video games have many difficult tasks for the player to complete (Vitelli, February 2014). This allows the player to see that they can achieve their goals and stay determined (Vitelli, February 2014).

Support 3: Video games implement the incremental theory of intelligence to its players (Granic et al, 2014). In video games when completing a game task the player is rewarded and they believe intelligence can be malleable and achievable through their time and effort put in (Granic et al, 2014). 

Conclusion: 

Summarize:  Video games have been described to have many negative effects on their users, in reality, many positive benefits to its user these are the development of cognitive skills, emotional skills, social skills, and motivational skills. Playing video games has allowed the individual to gain the main important skills needed in different aspects of their lives. 

Final Comment: Video games are the new version of what people consider leisure activities. With the popularity on the rise, the need for understanding the effects of video games is key to the understanding of how individuals will become in the future. Video games have left an imprint on us, and the effects will last forever.

References:

Alex Hern Technology editor. (November 16, 2020, Monday). Video gaming can benefit mental health, find Oxford academics. The Guardian (London). https://advance-lexis-com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:619H-27N1-DY4H-K1FW-00000-00&context=1516831.

Bavelier, D.(Performer). (2012, June). TED [Video file]. Retrieved March 15, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_bavelier_your_brain_on_video_games

Granic, I., Lobel, A., & M. E. Engels, R. C. (2014). The Benefits of Playing Video Games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. https://doi-org.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/10.1037/a0034857

Gregory, S. (2020, April 22). Video games benefit quarantined kids in covid-19 pandemic. https://time.com/5825214/video-games-screen-time-parenting-coronavirus/. 

(March 8, 2016, Tuesday). Time spent playing video games may have positive effects on young children. Medical Xpress. https://advance-lexis-com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5J86-DX01-JCMN-Y1PW-00000-00&context=1516831.

Vitelli, R. (2014, February 10). Are There Benefits in Playing Video Games? Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/media-spotlight/201402/are-there-benefits-in-playing-video-games. 

Warnick, A. (2019, October 1). Video games and health: Sorting science from popular beliefs – Many believe games cause gun violence. The Nation’s Health. https://www.thenationshealth.org/content/49/8/1.2. 

Introduction

Hook – Nowadays gaming is probably a mainstay in most of lifes as we are in the middle of this pandemic. The stereotype is that gaming is bad for a person or playing games is bad for people but what if I tell you that there are a lot of benefits from gaming.

Statement of the Problem/Debate – Whether gaming is actually beneficial or just deteriorating to a person’s health has been an ongoing debate going on for a while and is becoming more of an issue as it is the pandemic. People still doubt that video games can do any good to a human, and it makes people antisocial or it affects people in a negative way. 

Thesis Statement – Video games can actually do a lot of good to a human and can actually improve us. It can help us as a whole as a person, it can also help us have faster reaction times and make better decisions, gaming can offer many physical benefits and games can be used to help people who need help.

Body Paragraphs

Subargument # 1 –
Help improve a person as a whole

• Support 1: 

Make people more social as opposed to making people more anti social.
An article from Harvard Medical School shows that “Our society suffers from an epidemic of loneliness, and gaming can be a vehicle to connect with others”(Peter Grinspoon, 2020). Video games are also seen as a way to also to connect “difficult-to-connect-with people in your life, such as kids, grandkids”(Peter Grinspoon, 2020) as who does not love video games, everyone does.

• Support 2: 

Games can sway the way people feel about things.
BBC talked about a report where a group of experimenters in Japan gave kids “prosocial” games like Lemmings, that old game, and they found that the children were “more likely to help others in real life or in stimulated tasks”. They also found that in a “study involving 3,000 schoolchildren, studied over three years…pro-social games affect children’s sense of empathy” (Nic Fleming, 2013)

• Support 3: 

Build a virtual community
People can be connected making people you never expected to meet online connect better. The article from Harvard states that “gaming can provide a way for people to interact with each other — a virtual community — as they work together toward completing common tasks” (Peter Grinspoon, 2020). Virtual communities can be a useful way for people to help each other and socialize and even make friends that would have not been possible if not for video games.

Subargument # 2 –
People have faster reaction times and decision making abilities

• Support 1: 

Go off more on decision making and reaction times
Multiple studies from different articles, like from Harvard, BBC, and many more all always state that video games can boost a person’s decision making abilities and reaction times meaning that it improves cognitive ability. They also found that people who play lots of video games can manage to avoid distraction and focus on the important things. 

• Support 2: 

A experiment that shows
A mini experiment done by a reporter from WIRED played multiple games with a pro gamer named Matthew “Akaadian” Higginbotham. They played games that really depend on reaction time by pressing buttons, and to practice hand-eye coordination, and to ignore distractions and practice decision making. They found that the pro gamer landed in the 98th percentile, while the report only landed in the 60th. (Wired, 2018)

• Support 3: 

How this can applicable to real life
This can be applicable in real life by the fact that decision making is really good to know when you are in a hard situation with lots of distractions. Gamers can usually come up with multiple ways to decide what is the best option out. 

Subargument # 3 –
They offer physical benefits 

• Support 1: 

More fun as opposed to real exercise
Studies led by a behavioral scientist at “The Miriam Hospital” found that “video game group engaged in more minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity than those that took part in the standard exercise intervention”.(Salit R, 2019) People that exercise are usually proud of it and if gamers are exercising longer than those people that actually workout, that means video games is a key motivation in making people work out.

• Support 2: 

Talk about certain physical games
There are many games and consoles that allow a person to be more active and those are the Nintendo Wii, Switch and the Playstation or Xbox. Some of the games that are physically intensive are stuff like WiiFit, Ringfit, Just Dance 3, Your Shape:Fitness Evolved 2012, Disneyland Adventures, Kinect Sports Season 2, and that is only just a few. A study conducted by Louisiana State University where one group received a copy of 4 of those games, a XBox and Kinect and a control group that just does the usual behavior with no exercises. They found that “Reduced their body mass index by about 3 percent while the control group increased their BMI by 1 percent” and “Reduced their cholesterol by 7 percentiles while the control group increased cholesterol by 7 percentiles.” (Louisiana State University, 2018)

• Support 3: 

Talk about more benefits
There are also many benefits like a boost to hand-eye coordination which can help people in terms of playing sports. For example, in basketball dribbling seems to be hard for beginners but with good hand-eye coordination you can also pick up a lot of sports somewhat easily. Which can translate over to playing more sports which can boost a person’s mentality into playing sports.

Subargument # 4 –
Gaming can help people mainly those with ADHD 

• Support 1: 

ADHD kids and talk about issues of it
WebMD says that “ADHD is a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.”(Bhandari S., 2019) What all this means is that they are overly energetic. This problem usually leads to kids with ADHD “sometimes have trouble forming relationships” (Bhandari S., 2020)

• Support 2: 

How video games help
The WebMD article states that “Online games allow them a way to make and keep friends.” and build important skills like “visual-spatial skills, hand-eye coordination, strategy and problem-solving, etc.” The video that WIRED made with the reporter also went to investigate and found out that there are already games in the making to help with kids with ADHD by improving their cognitive abilities. The game is called Project EVO and during the video they talked about how they sent the game to the FDA to test it and allow it as an actual prescribed medicine to help treat ADHD and it is in the process of getting approved.

• Support 3: 

Vision
Another way that video games can help is that they can help people with lazy eyes. According to the BBC article, they did research on adults with lazy eyes that “adults with lazy eyes who spent 40 hours playing video games with their good eyes patched could improve their ability to distinguish smaller letters on such charts”. Not only that but they also conducted a study on non-gamers and found that “contrast sensitivity of those who trained on action games had improved”. 

Raise Counterargument

Gaming is bad because it can lead to addiction and cause many health issues to a human being
– There are many good ways to implement gaming in your life

*I am not sure if I want to put actual evidence supporting that gaming addiction can lead to many health issues because I have those evidence, but I am not sure If I want to

Support 1:
According to the Harvard article “playing video games can be fun and a social activity when integrated into a healthy lifestyle that includes plenty of sleep, exercise, and good nutrition, rather than letting the game become your life” (Peter Grinspoon, 2020) As long as you treat video games in a fair manner, they can be used as a way to just help a person, but too much always is bad and as long as an addiction does not appear.

Support 2:
Overall, all articles just tell us to manage our time usage in video games
As said from the Harvard Medical article, a WebMD article also back this up by saying that “visual-spatial skills hand-eye coordination, strategy and probWork with your child to agree on rules about how long and when they can play. Also, be careful the video games aren’t replacing other activities kids should have, like social interactions, time with family, physical activity, etc. Make sure homework and household chores are done before they pick up the controller or tablet.”(Bhandari S., 2020)

Conclusion

To sum up,
Video games can be really helpful for a person as they can boost a person’s social life by a lot, help improve someone’s decision making and cognitive abilities, while improving physical abilities and it is also currently really useful for treating people with illnesses.

Sources

Peter Grinspoon, M. (2020, December 22). The health effects of too much gaming. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-health-effects-of-too-much-gaming-2020122221645

Wired. (2018, October 25). Testing gamer vs non-gamer brains: How do video games affect you? | wired. Retrieved March 18, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duxWYK-UEiU 

Bhandari, S. (2020, July 7). The link Between ADHD and video Games: See the research. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/adhd-and-video-games-is-there-a-link#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20FDA%20approved,include%20medication%20and%20behavioral%20therapy.

Salit, R. (2019, March 07). Study supports value of video games in promoting physical activity. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.lifespan.org/news/study-supports-value-video-games-promoting-physical-activity

Louisiana State University. (2018, July 20). New study shows certain video games can improve health in children with obesity. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180720092501.htm

Fleming, N. (2013, August 25). Why video games may be good for you. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20130826-can-video-games-be-good-for-you

Bhandari, S. (2019, October 15). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) in children. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/understanding-adhd-basics

Introduction

Hook: In today’s society, mental illness occupies a large part of the disease, and more and more people suffer from mental illness. Teenagers have a place in it.

Statement of the Problem/Debate: Adult schizophrenia and teenager schizophrenia are different in terms of treatment and prevention. Although current drug treatment can help schizophrenia to some extent, it also brings many sequelae to patients. The current medicine for the treatment of teenage schizophrenia can effectively help young people treat mental illnesses, but they also bring many side effects. The signs of adolescent schizophrenia are not so easy to detect, and its diagnosis and treatment options are also different from those of adults. They help us understand how to view juvenile schizophrenia in a correct way and how to prevent juvenile schizophrenia.

1. What are the signs of schizophrenia in a teenager? 
2. What are the differences between teenage schizophrenia and adult schizophrenia? 
3. What are the impacts and treatment plans for schizophrenia? 
4. Can current treatments really help young people reduce the chance of developing schizophrenia? What are the pros and cons of medication for teenage schizophrenia? 

Thesis Statement: The causes of adult schizophrenia and juvenile schizophrenia are different. Although current drug treatment can help schizophrenia to some extent, it also brings many sequelae to patients.

Body Paragraphs

Subargument # 1: It is not common for adolescents to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. It usually occurs before the age of 18 and rarely occurs in children under 13 years of age. Symptoms of schizophrenia in adolescents can be abnormal in behavior and mood. Indications that teenagers suffer from schizophrenia. Before teenagers show the classic symptoms of schizophrenia, they usually go through the so-called “prodromal period.” Also called disease signal.

• Support 1: Before teenagers show the classic signs of schizophrenia, they often go through what’s known as “the prodromal period.” During this time, teens may exhibit signs such as: Steadily increasing the number of unusual thoughts and actions, Hanging out with a new group of friends and leaving old friends behind, Withdrawing from normal social activities, Making lower grades than usual, Seeming depressed or irritable, Sleeping too much or too little. (Florida Behavioral Health in Parenting, 2019) 
• Support 2: As children with schizophrenia age, more typical signs and symptoms of the disorder begin to appear. Signs and symptoms may include delusions. These are false beliefs that are not based in reality. For example, you think that you’re being harmed or harassed; that certain gestures or comments are directed at you; that you have exceptional ability or fame; that another person is in love with you; or that a major catastrophe is about to occur. Delusions occur in most people with schizophrenia. (Childhood schizophrenia, 2016)
• Support 3: Changes in Behavior: Unblinking, vacant expression, Awkward or unusual movements of the face or body, Talking to themselves, using odd speech that you can’t understand, or making rapid shifts in topics, Inappropriate responses, such as laughing during a sad movie, Trouble “reading” social cues in others, Problems making and keeping friends, becoming more and more isolated. (Jennifer Casarella, 2020)

Subargument # 2: The signs of adolescent schizophrenia are not so easy to detect, and its diagnosis and treatment options are also different from those of adults. 

• Support 1: Compared with schizophrenia symptoms in adults, teens may be: Less likely to have delusions, More likely to have visual hallucinations, Later signs and symptoms. (Childhood schizophrenia, 2016) 
• Support 2: Compared to adult schizophrenia, childhood schizophrenia manifests higher familial predisposition and possibly greater genetic loading. Some of the susceptibility genes that have been detected in adult schizophrenia have also been replicated in childhood schizophrenia studies. Neuroimaging studies in childhood schizophrenia provide evidence for progressive structural brain abnormalities. (Androutsos Ch, 2012)
• Support 3: For this reason, the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia are valid for all age spectrums, but their application in earlier ages is difficult, and the particular developmental characteristics of each developmental phase should be taken into consideration. (Androutsos Ch, 2012)

Subargument # 3: Schizophrenia not only has a negative impact on the life and social life of patients but also has a certain degree of impact on society. For example, schizophrenia leads to confusion and emotional disorders, which leads to an increase in violent crime. At that time, there were multiple methods that could help treat schizophrenia.

• Support 1: Treatment options for people with schizophrenia include: Antipsychotic medications, Family therapy in which the whole family learns to help the affected teen, Individual therapy, Social skills classes, Support groups. In some cases, teenagers with schizophrenia need temporary residential treatment. During this time, the teen lives in the treatment facility and professionals monitor them around the clock. They also receive medication management and daily therapy sessions. (Florida Behavioral Health in Parenting, 2019) 
• Support 2: Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, with subsequent suspiciousness and hostility, may result in aggressive behavior. Or, aggression may be impulsive and caused by an environmental frustrating event. Patients may be more aggressive and violent during acute episodes. (Maurizio Pompili, MD, Ph.D., Andrea Fiorillo, MD, Ph.D., Psychiatric Times, 2015)
• Support 3: There has been a consensus that violence risk is increased in schizophrenia. Much of this research was summarised in a meta-analysis in 2009 (Fazel et al, 2009). It reported an average fourfold increase in violent crime in men with schizophrenia, compared to men without schizophrenia. (Vishal Bhavsar, 2015)

Subargument # 4: The current medicine for the treatment of teenage schizophrenia can effectively help young people treat mental illnesses, but they also bring many side effects in either physical and mental.

• Support 1: Antipsychotic drugs, Social skills training, vocational rehabilitation, and psychologic and educational support Schizophrenia cannot be cured, although hallucinations and delusions may be controlled with antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Children are particularly susceptible to the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Side effects may include tremors, slowed movements, movement disorders, and metabolic syndrome (which includes obesity, type 2 diabetes, and abnormal levels of fat in the blood). (By Josephine Elia, MD, 2019)
• Support 2: Some of the most common side effects of antipsychotics, which are prescribed for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are “increased appetite (and resulting weight gain), increased prolactin (women may lactate and men grow breast tissue), somnolence [sleepiness], and restlessness,” according to Siegel. (Ashley Laderer, 2020)
• Support 3: Because medications for schizophrenia can cause serious side effects, people with schizophrenia may be reluctant to take them. Willingness to cooperate with treatment may affect drug choice. For example, someone who is resistant to taking medication consistently may need to be given injections instead of taking a pill. (Mayo Clinic 2020)

Conclusion

• As a result, the abnormal signal of teenager schizophrenia is not easy to detect in the early stage. The diagnosis of adult schizophrenia does not apply to teenager schizophrenia. Most parents will understand the symptom as adolescence and ignore the seriousness of problems. The harm caused by schizophrenia is far greater than we thought, it can cause emotional and mobility disorders in patients. Interpersonal relationships and social security will be affected. Studies have found that, unlike adult schizophrenia, most teenager schizophrenia is genetically inherited. Genetic inheritance is a lifelong disease and only can reply on medicine control or psychotherapy. However, taking antipsychotic medicine will bring many sequelae. Therefore, medical treatment is not the best treatment plan. Many researchers developed different treatment plans for patients of different ages. Measures have also been taken to prevent teenager schizophrenia. 
• Are you or a friend around you who needs help? If you need to, please don’t be anxious and seek help from professional institutions in time.

Reference: 

• Florida Behavioral Health, 2021. Schizophrenia in teens: What parents need to know. Retrieved from: https://www.behavioralhealthflorida.com/blog/parents-should-know-schizophrenia-teens/
• Childhood schizophrenia, 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354483
• Jennifer Casarella, 2020. Recognizing schizophrenia symptoms in teens. Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/recognizing-schizophrenia-in-teens
• Androutsos Ch. (2012) Schizophrenia in children and adolescents: relevance and differentiation from adult schizophrenia. Psychiatric. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22796977/
• Josephine Elia, MD, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 2019. Schizophrenia in children and adolescents – children’s health issues. Retrieved from: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/mental-health-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents/schizophrenia-in-children-and-adolescents
• Maurizio Pompili, MD, Ph.D., Andrea Fiorillo, MD, PhD, 2015. Aggression and Impulsivity in Schizophrenia. Retrieved from: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/aggression-and-impulsivity-schizophrenia
• Vishal Bhavsar, 2015. Schizophrenia and violent crime: Perpetrators or victims? Retrieved from: https://www.nationalelfservice.net/mental-health/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-and-violent-crime-perpetrators-or-victims/
• Ashley Laderer (2020). Side Effects: Weighing the Pros and Cons of Medication. Retrieved from: https://www.talkspace.com/blog/side-effects-medication-drugs/
• Mayo Clinic, 2020. Schizophrenia. Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354449

 

Introduction

Hook: Have you ever imagined life without travel? How would that life be different?

Statement of the problem/Debate: In this globalized world, people often neglect the importance of the tourism industry. People should know the importance and the worth of the tourism industry because it affects us not only on an economic basis but also on the value of a society. Tourism industry has become one of the biggest industries in this globalized world. It’s important to keep this industry working during covid period because it supports millions of households around the world. The tourism industry got affected negatively by the pandemic in several aspects. The connection between globalization and the tourism industry shows us that both of them are indispensable in today’s world. Even though Covid-19 has brought many negative effects on this industry, it’s important for us to keep it on track.

Thesis statement: Tourism industry affects not only business inside a country but also worldwide issues, people should be aware of the importance of it and keep the industry moving during covid period. 

 

Body Paragraphs

Subargument #1: Tourism industry is an important industry that connects to many different industry chains.(related business)

• Support #1: “Finally, the tourism industry has ripple effects on agriculture and horticulture. For instance, airlines bringing tourists to Africa transport flowers and tropical fruits in their hulls back to Europe, which has allowed a whole new export industry to thrive, especially in East Africa.”(Nordås, 2020)

• • Support #2: “Airline companies had faced many challenges since the pandemic began because they got no revenue. Moreover there is data showing that the air travel won’t be back as usual until the year of 2023.”(EconomistMagazine, 2020)

• Support #3: “As many as 100 million direct tourism jobs are at risk, in addition to sectors associated with tourism such as labour-intensive accommodation and food services industries that provide employment for 144 million workers worldwide. Small businesses (which shoulder 80% of global tourism) are particularly vulnerable.”(World Tourism Industry, 2021)

 

Subargument #2: Tourism industry supports millions of households and the economy in small countries.(job)

• Support #1: “Hotels, restaurants and other activities related to tourism create jobs, especially for women and young people with low levels of education. In addition, foreign tourists constitute the most important market for many small businesses and informal enterprises in crafts, culture and retail trade.”(Nordås, 2020)
• Support #2: “Tourism supports one in 10 jobs and provides livelihoods for many millions more in both developing and developed economies.”(World Tourism Industry, 2021)
• Support #3: “Southeast Asian economies have become heavily reliant on free-spending domestic and foreign tourists, who contributed 13% to regional gross domestic product in 2018 — the second highest after the Caribbean, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council.”(Writer, 2020)

Subargument #3: Impact covid brought on tourism industry(economic)

• Support #1:“Export revenues from tourism could fall by $910 billion to $1.2 trillion in 2020. This will have a wider impact and could reduce global GDP by 1.5% to 2.8%.”(World Tourism Industry, 2021)

• Support #2: “Nikkei estimated that the 10 ASEAN members face a combined deficit of nearly $40 billion if the number of foreign tourists plunges by half in 2020 from 2018. This would soar to $150 billion if the number drops to zero.”(Writer, 2020)
• Support #3: “Tourism receipts worldwide are not expected to recover to 2019 levels until 2023. In the first half of this year, tourist arrivals fell globally by more than 65 percent, with a near halt since April—compared with 8 percent during the global financial crisis and 17 percent amid the SARS epidemic of 2003, according to ongoing IMF research on tourism in a post-pandemic world.”(Behsudi, 2021)

Subargument #4: Importance to rebuild the tourism industry and ways to do it

• Support #1: “Traveling is actually a good remedy for stress, anxiety and depression. It also improves the mental and physical health.”(Golden India Travels)
• Support #2: “One way of getting tourists to travel abroad from the comfort of their own homes is through virtual reality (VR) technology and 360-degree videography. We round up the best virtual travel tours and online travel experiences that can be enjoyed online right now.”(Virtual travel experiences to enjoy now, 2021)
• Support #3: “Traveling in itself has advantages, as it makes one forget his or her worries, problems, frustrations and fears. This helps by broadening your horizon to move in new directions, unplugging from the pulls and pushes of daily life.”(Golden India Travels)

Conclusion

In summation, the tourism industry is a business that is indispensable. This industry connects to different industry chains and jobs. Tourism industry also provides many job opportunities for low education requirements. It gave young age people and females a chance to find a job. Not only that they provide jobs, they also affect our economic system. Many countries earn their revenue based on this industry. Lastly, people also depend on travel to release stress and worries in their life, therefore, it’s important to keep this industry going during covid period.

Reference

Nordås, H. (2020). Covid-19 and globalisation: a poverty perspective on tourism and remittances. (Rep.). Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). doi:10.2307/resrep25728

World tourism organization. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.unwto.org/tourism-and-covid-19-unprecedented-economic-impacts

EconomistMagazine. (2020, July 10). Covid-19: Why travel will never be the same | the economist. Retrieved March 17, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAs0gw1zIuQ

Virtual travel experiences to enjoy now. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://www.boatinternational.com/destinations/virtual-travel-tours-trips-vr-experiences–43207

Golden India Travels. (n.d.). Top most 7 reasons why traveling is important for human life. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from https://www.goldenindiatravels.com/blog/why-travelling-is-important-for-human-life#:~:text=Traveling%20is%20one%20of%20the,gives%20a%20sense%20of%20independence.

Writer, S. (2020, March 18). Southeast Asia faces budget deficits IF tourist numbers drop 50%. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Datawatch/Southeast-Asia-faces-budget-deficits-if-tourist-numbers-drop-50#:~:text=Southeast%20Asian%20economies%20have%20become,World%20Travel%20and%20Tourism%20Council.

ADAM BEHSUDI is on the staff of Finance & Development. (n.d.). Impact of the pandemic on tourism – imf f&d. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2020/12/impact-of-the-pandemic-on-tourism-behsudi.htm