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Category Archives: 1960-1968
Scalawags vs. Carpetbaggers
[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/AerTT0zUFI8" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]
The Citizenship rights for Southern whites and former slaves were key controversies during Reconstruction. The first part of my Documentary movie shows the Reconstruction. Many white Southerners deeply resented the Reconstruction governments and the role of blacks in them. They branded the few white Southerners active in those governments as scalawags and the Republican Northerners who came South to take part in Reconstruction as carpetbaggers. The Documentary movie includes a Play titling Scalawags vs. Carpetbaggers.
Posted in 1960-1968, 1969-1988, Final Exam Component, Political history
Tagged Carpetbaggers, Post Civil War, reconstruction, Scalawags
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) was a landmark in legislative attempts to improve the quality of life for African Americans and other minority groups. Although civil rights had a long history as a political and legislative issue, the 1960s marked a period of intense activity by the federal government to protect minority rights. It prohibitted racial discrimination in employment, institutions like hospitals and schools, and privately owned public accommodations such as restaurants, hotels, and theaters. It also banned discrimination on the grounds of sex- a provision added by opponents of civil rights in an effort to derail the entire bill and embraced by liberal and female members of congress as a way to broaden its scope. The Act did not resolve all problems of discrimination. But it opened the door to further progress by lessening racial restrictions on the use of public facilities, providing more job opportunities, strengthening voting laws, and limiting federal funding of discriminatory aid programs.
Posted in 1960-1968, Cultural History, June 21 assignment, Political history, Social History
Tagged civil rights, Civil Rights Act 1964, equal rights, inequality
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Identity Politics
Identity politics happens when members of an explicit subgroup get together in order to affect political or social change. Identity politics is not limited to the major racial or gender divisions, but extends into sexual orientation, ethnicity, citizenship status and other instances where a specific group feels persecuted. Homosexuals could organize political rallies to have stronger hate crime laws created or allow same-sex partners to qualify for marital benefits.
By identifying himself or herself as an African-American or a homosexual or a feminist, a person could focus his or her energy on a specific political cause. Under the focused umbrella of identity politics, such a compromise would have been much more difficult to achieve. This is why many organized minority political groups have largely abandoned the identity politics model for a more comprehensive approach to common goals.
Image source: http://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/B/3/2/politics-yin-yang-sac0407bc.jpg
Posted in 1960-1968, Cultural History, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review, Political history, Social History
Tagged feminist, gender division, homosexuals, political groups
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The Baby Boom (1946-1964)
Young males returning to the United States, Canada, and Australia following tours of duty overseas during World War II began families, which brought about a significant number of new children into the world. This dramatic increase in the number of births from 1946 to 1964 (1947 to 1966 in Canada and 1946-1961 in Australia) is called the Baby Boom.
In the United States, approximately 79 million babies were born during the Baby Boom. Much of this cohort of nineteen years (1946-1964) grew up with Woodstock, the Vietnam War, and John F. Kennedy as president; thus they had major implications on the social and cultural developments during those decades. Baby Boomers are now middle age and entering senior years. In the economy, many are now retiring and leaving the labor force.
(US birth rate (births per 1000 population) <U.S.BirthRate.1909.2003.png>
Posted in 1945-1953, 1953-1960, 1960-1968, June 21 assignment
Tagged 1946, 1964, Baby Boom, Post WWII Events
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The Cuban Missle Crisis
In 1962, American spy planes discovered Soviets installing nuclear missles in Cuba that could reach the U.S. After intense negotiations, Soviet leaders agreed to withdraw missles from Cuba and the U.S. agreed not to attack Cuba. They also agreed upon a treaty that banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere and space.
Posted in 1960-1968, Midterm Exam Review
Tagged Cuba, Cuban Missle Crisis, Soviet Nucs
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BIRMINGHAM
The Birmingham campaign was a strategic movement organized by the (SCLC) to bring attention to the unequal treatment black Americans endured in Birmingham, Alabama, the most segregated city in the US in 1963
Organizers, led by Martin Luther King used non-violent direct action tactics to defy laws they considered unfair. King led a massive protest in Birmingham that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. After the campaign ran low on adult volunteers, high school, college, and elementary students were trained by SCLC coordinator James Bevel to participate, resulting in hundreds of arrests and an instant intensification of national media attention on the campaign. The campaign used a variety of nonviolent methods of confrontation, including sit-ins at libraries and lunch counters, kneel-ins by black visitors at white churches, and a march to the county building to mark the beginning of a voter-registration drive.To dissuade demonstrators and control the protests the Birmingham Police Department, led by Eugine Connor, used high-pressure water jets and police dogs on children and bystanders. King was among 50 Birmingham residents ranging in age from 15 to 81 years who were arrested on April 12, 1963. It was King’s 13th arrest.
While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
Posted in 1960-1968, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review
Tagged 1963, Birmingham, civil rights, Martin Luther King
1 Comment
March on Washington
March on Washington is a nonviolent civil rights movement happened in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963. This march was led by a black unionist called A. Philip Randolph. The main purpose of this march was to call for the passage of a civil rights bill, on the other hand, this march was also aiming to draw attention on reducing unemployment, an increase in the minimum wage, and a law to prohibit discrimination in employment.
The March on Washington is an important event in American history. During this event, one of America’s greatest leaders; Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his speech “I Have a Dream” meanwhile, this event brought both white and black participants together to fight for racial and economic justice in United States.
Posted in 1960-1968, Midterm Exam Review, Uncategorized
Tagged 1963, Civil Rights Movement, March on Washington, racial issue
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Acknowledgment of the “Military Industrial Complex”
This post is somewhat outside and in between the two assignments at the same time.
In 1961, President Dwight Eisenhower makes a speech where he warns against the military industrial complex.
A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction…
This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence — economic, political, even spiritual — is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals so that security and liberty may prosper together.
Although Eisenhower was a Republican and people rightly protested war in the 1960’s, the governments we as a people have elected in the 50 years since Eisenhower has left office have generally grown the military and embraced war, and to some degree this includes Obama, too.
Regardless of whether or not we think a given war, action or conflict is right or correct, there is the concern and issue that our government and economy needs the industries that serve the military. The fact that people in America benefit financially at various levels from wars they conduct abroad leads to a conflict of interest. (Conflicts of interest can be the appearance of the conflict or a true conflict.)
Vietnam War
The most important event of 60’s in American history was Vietnam War. No doubt that this historical event changed forever the mind of American society and leads to creation of civil rights movement, famous Martin Luther King’s march on Washington DC, student’s protests, movement for gay rights and etc. Full responsibility for the beginning of Vietnam War is on Lyndon Johnson, who in 1964 forced US Congress to approve the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. The official beginning of Vietnam War is 1965, when 200,000 American soldiers were sent to Vietnam. That war, that no one really needs and whose goal was to take the revenge on Soviets, broke American society believe into the rightness of the politics. The lost generation of American soldiers who survived this war gave birth to the new protest movements for peace and until now being one of the most politically active anti-war and civil right supporters. The book by Kovic “Born on the Fourth of July” and the movie based on this book very well illustrates the historical events of that period in American history.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5gaIXI2Mn4
Posted in 1960-1968, 1969-1988, June 14 assignment
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Hippies
Some of us remember this amazing time when the word of Love meant so many things. To bad I wasn’t around to enjoy this crazy time and all that it brought with it.
The hippie movement started in San Francisco, california and spread across the United States, Canada, and into parts of Europe. Hippies shocked Amercians with there alternative lifestyle and radical belief.
Hippies brought out Love, Sex and of course Drugs. For a decade they lived the way they wanted and how they wanted. It introduced Marijuana to the world, LSD made people float, and a host of other drugs. Opened up the door to new experiences and allow rock and roll to flourish. Rock and Roll was at its best. This moment changed culture as they know it in the 1960’s, it changed it for good. The world has never been the same after that.
