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Category Archives: June 21 assignment
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Carter was the 39th President of the United States. During his term in office, there was both an economic and energy crisis. He blamed it on the American people because of their “self-indulgence and consumption”. His approval ratings dropped shortly after because the American people thought they were being preached to. Carter also didn’t do a good job at explaining why it was important to reduce energy intake. During the “Iran Crisis and Afghanistan”, Carter looked weak and helpless which happened around election time making Reagon look strong. The Iranian’s released the 52 hostages who were imprisoned for 444 days after Carter left office. It was an anti-american movement.
Posted in June 21 assignment
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Identity Politics
Identity politics happens when members of an explicit subgroup get together in order to affect political or social change. Identity politics is not limited to the major racial or gender divisions, but extends into sexual orientation, ethnicity, citizenship status and other instances where a specific group feels persecuted. Homosexuals could organize political rallies to have stronger hate crime laws created or allow same-sex partners to qualify for marital benefits.
By identifying himself or herself as an African-American or a homosexual or a feminist, a person could focus his or her energy on a specific political cause. Under the focused umbrella of identity politics, such a compromise would have been much more difficult to achieve. This is why many organized minority political groups have largely abandoned the identity politics model for a more comprehensive approach to common goals.
Image source: http://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/B/3/2/politics-yin-yang-sac0407bc.jpg
Posted in 1960-1968, Cultural History, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review, Political history, Social History
Tagged feminist, gender division, homosexuals, political groups
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The Baby Boom (1946-1964)
Young males returning to the United States, Canada, and Australia following tours of duty overseas during World War II began families, which brought about a significant number of new children into the world. This dramatic increase in the number of births from 1946 to 1964 (1947 to 1966 in Canada and 1946-1961 in Australia) is called the Baby Boom.
In the United States, approximately 79 million babies were born during the Baby Boom. Much of this cohort of nineteen years (1946-1964) grew up with Woodstock, the Vietnam War, and John F. Kennedy as president; thus they had major implications on the social and cultural developments during those decades. Baby Boomers are now middle age and entering senior years. In the economy, many are now retiring and leaving the labor force.
(US birth rate (births per 1000 population) <U.S.BirthRate.1909.2003.png>
Posted in 1945-1953, 1953-1960, 1960-1968, June 21 assignment
Tagged 1946, 1964, Baby Boom, Post WWII Events
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BIRMINGHAM
The Birmingham campaign was a strategic movement organized by the (SCLC) to bring attention to the unequal treatment black Americans endured in Birmingham, Alabama, the most segregated city in the US in 1963
Organizers, led by Martin Luther King used non-violent direct action tactics to defy laws they considered unfair. King led a massive protest in Birmingham that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. After the campaign ran low on adult volunteers, high school, college, and elementary students were trained by SCLC coordinator James Bevel to participate, resulting in hundreds of arrests and an instant intensification of national media attention on the campaign. The campaign used a variety of nonviolent methods of confrontation, including sit-ins at libraries and lunch counters, kneel-ins by black visitors at white churches, and a march to the county building to mark the beginning of a voter-registration drive.To dissuade demonstrators and control the protests the Birmingham Police Department, led by Eugine Connor, used high-pressure water jets and police dogs on children and bystanders. King was among 50 Birmingham residents ranging in age from 15 to 81 years who were arrested on April 12, 1963. It was King’s 13th arrest.
While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
Posted in 1960-1968, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review
Tagged 1963, Birmingham, civil rights, Martin Luther King
1 Comment
Iran-Contra Affair
The Iran-Contra Affair was a political scandal revealed in 1986 which related to events that took place earlier in Reagan’s administration. Hezbollah, a political group in Lebanon, had taken numerous Americans hostage. In an effort to increase US-Iranian relations, the US would indirectly sell weapons through Israel to Iran and in turn, Iran would do everything in its power to convince Hezbollah to release the hostages. The plan essentially became an arms-for-hostage affair.
In 1984, Congress banned American aid to the Contras of Nicaragua who were trying to overthrow the communist Sandinista government. Colonel Oliver North along with other high ranking military personnel, devised a plan in which some of the profits from the weapons sale to Iran would be diverted to aiding the Contras. It was widely known that Reagan was a supporter of the Contra cause, but there has never been any proof which shows Reagan authorized the diversion of profits from the weapons sales to the Contras.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8XWZcL7ZyY
Posted in 1969-1988, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review, Political history
Tagged anti-communist, Contras, Iran, Nicaragua, Reagan
1 Comment
Dwight Eisenhower
He was the 34th President of the United States from 1953-1961. He kept the containment policy in the Cold War and ended the Korean War in 1953. In 1954, his administration announced “massive retaliation” toward Soviet Union, that United States would fought back if US had recieved any attack from Soviet. He also decided to build Interstate Highway System to protect national security from attacking. His “Eisenhower Doctrine” provided aid and sent troops to the Mideast in order to prevent the spread of communism. Space Race started with Soviet after it launched the Sputnik satellite in 1957.
Posted in 1953-1960, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review
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McCarthyism
The extreme opposition to communism shown by U.S. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy and his supporters in the 1940s and 1950s. It’s the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, esp. of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence. It’s also the practice of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, esp. in order to restrict dissent or political criticism.
The examples include the speeches, investigations, and hearings of Senator McCarthy himself; the Hollywood blacklist, associated with hearings conducted by the House Committee on Un-American Activities; and the various anti-communist activities of the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover. McCarthyism was a widespread social and cultural phenomenon that affected all levels of society and was the source of a great deal of debate and conflict in the U.S. (“Wikipedia”)
The image is from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism
Posted in 1945-1953, 1953-1960, June 21 assignment, Midterm Exam Review, Social History
Tagged anti-communist, communism, disloyalty, evidence, McCarthy, McCarthyism
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Kyoto Treaty
The Kyoto treaty or Kyoto protocol is a set of rules that have the intention to fight global warming. The Protocol was initially adopted in Kyoto, Japan on December 1997 and entered into force on February 2005. While many countries have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the Bush administration withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Treaty in 2001. Ratification means that a nation agreed to cap (limit) emissions in accordance with the Protocol.
Posted in 1989-2000, Economic History, June 21 assignment, Political history
Tagged global warming, Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto Treaty
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Bush Doctrine
The Bush Doctrine was used to refer what was seen as a movement of President Bush towards unilateralism. It was early announced by him after 9/11. However, about four years later, it was codified in a document, National Security Strategy of the United States, that shifts the U.S. foreign policy.
The Bush Doctrine states that we have the right to anticipatory action to defend ourselves and the right of preemptive strike against other countries that we think it is going to attack us.
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer also known as the Mississippi Summer Project was a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. Many out-of state volunteers participated in Freedom Summer alongside thousands of black Mississippians. Most of the volunteers were young, 90 percent were white and many were Jewish. In the end, however, the Freedom Summer Project helped gain the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and formed the foundation for the newly emerging black power movement. Two of the most significant accomplishments were the creation of Freedom Schools and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
