Annotated Bibliography

  • Abrams, Kerry. “Polygamy, Prostitution, and the Federalization of Immigration Law”. Columbia Law Review 105.3 (2005): 641–716. Web. 14 Apr. 2016. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4099477>.
    • This article explains the Page Act of 1875 and argues that it was not a minor statute targeting a narrow class of criminals, but rather prevent the Chinese in general from immigrating to the United States. This source is used to show the beginnings of federal acts that seem rational, but are actually racially targeted.
  • Baer, James A. “Chinese Exclusion Act.” Immigration in U.S. History. Ed. Carl L. Bankston, III, Danielle Antoinette Hidalgo, and R. Kent Rasmussen. Vol. 1. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2006. 140-144. Magill’s Choice. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Apr. 2016. <http://go.galegroup.com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3036300048&v=2.1&u=cuny_baruch&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=8adab250308f3ad12f575043a6e13acc>
    • This article explains the Chinese Exclusion Act, which was the first major law to prevent immigration of a certain ethnic group to the United States. It is used as an example of a law that restricts immigrants.
  • “Chinese Exclusion Act.” American Eras: Primary Sources. Ed. Rebecca Parks. Vol. 1: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899. Detroit: Gale, 2013. 284-288. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Apr. 2016.
    <http://go.galegroup.com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2737200098&v=2.1&u=cuny_baruch&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=43e35ce9f48d8169f4c89757c81a22d4>
    • This article thoroughly explains the Chinese Exclusion Act and its significance. It is used as an example of how Americans felt threatened by the Chinese existence.
  • Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project. “Historical Overview: Japanese Americans.” Japanese Americans in the Columbia River Basin. Washington State University Vancouver Library, 2004. Web. 15 Apr. 2016. <http://archive.vancouver.wsu.edu/crbeha/ja/ja.htm>.
    • This article covers an historical overview of Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans in the United States. It is used to show how the Japanese were an ethnic minority in America.
  • Daniels, Roger. 1997. Not like us: Immigrants and minorities in America, 1890 – 1924. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Publishers
    • Daniels explores the struggles of race and ethnicity, especially the ones labeled as minorities,  over the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth- century America. Through this time, he categorizes each ethnic struggle to one of the American social ideals of each respective time. He uses the major social, economic, and political concerns of a period as a framework for minority struggle. This source is used to support the fact that minorities were used as a target for blame for the American economic, social, and political problems. 
  • History.com Staff. “Pearl Harbor Bombed.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 14 Apr. 2016. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pearl-harbor-bombed>.
    • This video/article explains the day Pearl Harbor was bombed. This will be used to relate to the cause of the Japanese Internment Camps.
  • Ignatiev, Noel. 1995. How the Irish became white. New York: Routledge
    • Ignatiev studies how the Irish, an once oppressed race in America became part of the oppressor. He calls it “becoming white” and being part of the superior race is not just having social superiority, but rather having an economic advantage. They can separate from the oppressed and become citizens of the country.
  • “Japanese Immigration to the United States.” Japanese-American Internment during World War II. Peggy Daniels Becker. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2014. 7-18. Defining Moments. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 Apr. 2016. <http://go.galegroup.com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2768400011&v=2.1&u=cuny_baruch&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=f712aa9be11bd9de36eb4d2cc245b120>
    • This article explains how and why the Japanese first immigrated to the United States. It also explains the struggles they faced because they lacked rights. This information is used to support how racism often took form in legalized discrimination.
  • “Relocation and Incarceration of Japanese Americans During World War II.” University of California – Japanese American Relocation Digital Archives. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. <http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/jarda/historical-context.html>
    • This article talks about how and why Japanese Americans were relocated and put into internment camps during World War II. This source was used to support ethnically discriminated federal actions that were harmful.
  • Takaki, Ronald. 1993. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
    • Dr. Takaki, a professor of Ethnic Studies at University of California, Berkeley,  studies the stories and history of different ethnic groups in America. He proposes, through their naratives of immigration to the United States, different ways American identify themselves in different times. He describes the history how white superiority has taken advantage of other races, but he uses the different stories to bring together a common theme in their struggle. 
  • “The U. S. Economy: Historical Overview.” The American Economy. Kim Masters Evans. 2011 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 1-19. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Apr. 2016.
    <http://go.galegroup.com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1918800007&v=2.1&u=cuny_baruch&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=de89c41acec91ce298e4af127f94627b>
    • This article explains the U.S. economy in an historical overview. It points out key events which is used to link to anti-immigration sentiment.
  • The White House. “The President Speaks at a Naturalization Ceremony.” YouTube. YouTube, 15 Dec. 2015. Web. 14 Apr. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMFEFn2ifkE>.
    • In this video, President Barack Obama spoke at a naturalization ceremony in Washington D.C. to welcome men and women from more than 25 countries as new citizens of  the United States. Obama talked about how immigration is the nation’s origin story and reminds people that ideals were not always lived up to. The video is used to support the importance of immigration and how immigrants should be treated as equals.
  • Uncle Sam puts immigration quota. Digital image. Getty Images. Hulton/Archive, 1921. Web. 14 Apr. 2016. 
    • This picture shows Uncle Sam, representative of the United States government, putting a quota of 3% of the number of immigrants that can come into the country from each respective country according to the census of 1910 of the number of foreign born nationals living in the United States. The picture is used to show how the United States encloses itself to maintain racial superiority.
  • “World War II and the Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans.” Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Ed. Elliott Robert Barkan. Vol. 4. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2013. 1492-1493. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 22 Apr. 2016. <http://go.galegroup.com.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2727401218&v=2.1&u=cuny_baruch&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=082f7e34ff8ab6843e02186bdcd0f40b>
    • This excerpt talks about World War II and how Japanese Americans were forced to relocate to internment camps. This source was used to support ethnically discriminated federal actions that were harmful.