Manifesto

The manifesto I chose to respond to is called, Aphorisms on Modernism, by Mina Loy. The thing that struck me about this manifesto was her use of a kind of listing of words and their definitions. Another thing I found to be interesting was the title being of rhyming words and the use of the word aphorism meaning a pithy observation that contains a general truth. The word aphorism has a meaning that, in a way, describes what a manifesto is. The association of the title and the style of writing I thought was very clever.

Going onto the content of Loy’s manifesto, on the first line she already states her aphorisms on modernism. Yet, she goes on listing more aphorisms on different words. She describes each word with negativity as if she saying that these aren’t the general truths but the harsh truths. I assume each word she describes has something to do with modernism because she uses a few words listed to define another word. There’s this trend in this manifesto that makes you realize she is associating each word with each other. So, instead of a random list of words they become a whole story with meaning. What that story is what I can’t figure out. She is definitely pointing out the negatives and positives of modernism but is that all? Or is she using these words to point out the flaws in society?

Emily Dickinson

The poem I chose to write a response to was Emily Dickinson’s Wild nights – Wild nights! Right off the bat, the titled caught my attention by making me question two things. One, why does she repeat wild nights? And two, why does she scream those words? Interestingly, she says the title in the first line which presumes that these “wild nights” are the main focus of the poem. I get two images from the first line to represent the “wild nights”. It can either be a scene of a place inhabited by only wild life at night or a scene of people partying at night. Reading thru the rest of the first stanza I believe she regrets not having been with or at “wild nights”. Also, she goes on saying that “wild nights” should be a luxury making me believe that it is something we all have but we do not treasure it.

The second stanza, I believe she is describing her feelings of affection for something or someone. The winds she describes are obstacles that are futile to literally, her heart. Saying she’s done with the compass and chart means she does not want to follow the rules or roles in her life but to follow her own feelings.

In the last stanza, I believe she is referring to herself being in the unknown since she threw away the things in her life that tied her down. The place where she wants to be she is there for only that night.

Realism: Paintings

Realism was introduced because the world began to shift towards showing the reality of things. This was partly because of the invention of the camera and photography. Now that you could capture a moment and see exactly what it looks like, writers wanted to do the same thing and depict the truth with their writings. According to Elaine Freegood, it is not so easy to portray the truth without faultering at some point. Freegood goes on explaining that without being an actual dressmaker, it is hard to portray what a real dressmaker goes through in life. To do this, one must not forget to represent the social and individual experiences of the character in the novel in detail. Freegood goes on to talk about George Eliot and his fiction.

Although Eliot’s novel is fiction, the way she portrays the men in the novel are based on having dealing with them and the kinds of things encountered. Because it’s her own personal experience, I believe her criticism can be vouched for as true. Eliot endulges and find her writing to be like Dutch paintings because they show the ugliness of people. That there is beauty in a painting even if the subject is horrid like in her writings. The truth is of the same caliber. It can be ugly but where is the beauty in representing something of falsehood?

Jacobs’ Narrative

Jacobs’ narrative is based on her life. It is effective towards the reader because it allows the reader to put on Jacobs’ shoes and see what she has experienced first hand. However, many at the time believed her account to be that of fiction because people (especially from the north) could not believe that this is what was happening in the south. It was also hard to believe it was fact during the time because women were not usually the ones entitled to literature; let alone being a black women who is literate. Not only does Jacobs’ talk about her life but she does so in a way where she has conversations with the reader and tries to sway the reader to think a certain way. When comparing Jacobs’ narrative between the Seneca Falls Declaration and Frederick Douglass’ speech, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”, one can see differences even though they are of the same time.

Douglass’ speech gives the perspective of a black slave who can’t celebrate the Fourth of July. Although Jacobs’ and Douglass’ give their accounts to being a black slave, they differ in that Douglass’ clearly states that he is not free. He doesnt beat around the bush like Jacobs’ does. Douglass’ says he has no rights and that they cannot be shared with him. The Fourth of July to accourding to Douglass is a time of mourning. The white celebrate they day to rejoice the freedom they inherited but for a black slave it is a remembrance of pain and lashes to the back. On the other hand, the Seneca Falls Declaration states the inequality of men and women rather than that of blacks and whites. Jacobs’ does insist on women of not being powerless and standing up for whats right in her narrative but her account focuses more on the abolition of slavery. The Seneca Falls Declaration states that throughout history man has repeatedly proven tyranny of women. When in marraige the man inherits everything that the woman has as if she is an object to be traded. Woman, although not punished as the black slaves were, still were punished. Woman were not allowed the same rights as man and felt oppressed. The Seneca Falls Declaration gives voice to women using a narrative in which women are treated as an object. It also directly points to men as being at fault by constantly using “he”. This style is used in order to shame men and to point out the facts of inequality between men and women.

 

Reading Romanticism

When comparing the two texts, Keats’ “To Autumn” and an excerpt from “The Manyoshu” I found that both talk about the season of autumn however, each describing the season differently. Keats never says autumn but instead, gives detailed descriptions of the season. In the lines, “Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless”(2,3) Keats gives human actions to the season and the sun.

While in the lyrics by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, he associates the time of the autumn as departing with the place he love and the person he loves. In the last five lines it seems that Hitomaro wants the changing of seasons to stop. This makes me wonder if he has an obligation to go somewhere during this time and leave his wife. Maybe to go to war for in the lines, “My black steed galloping fast”(21,22) there is an urgency.

Keats gives autumn beautiful aspects while Hitomaro associates autumn with sadness. As autumn appears Hitomaro’s strength weakens as though his power comes from spring which to me, relates to how Keats conspires with the sun to take out spring and give power to autumn. Can Hitomaro be the sun and his wife spring? He associates his wife with many characteristics of spring therefore, Keats autumn may have conspired with Hitamoro and that is why he left his wife(spring) in her dwelling place till he returns for her.

Monsters.

For my post, I found an anime/manga series that reminded me of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. The series is titled, Monster, by Naoki Urasawa, and the story takes place in Germany during the 1980’s. The storyline revolves around this moment when Dr. Tenma had to choose to use his medical skills to save the life of the mayor or to save the life of a child. His superiors were pushing him towards saving the mayor for monetary reasons however, because of Dr. Tenma’s past, he chose to defy orders and try to save the child. The surgery on the child was successful but the mayor had passed. The mayor passing away resulted on Dr. Tenma’s superiors firing him. Upon hearing about his termination, Dr. Tenma was feeling angry and spiteful and vented to the child he thought to be unconscious. Dr. Tenma explained how his superiors were wrong and wished death upon them. The child hearing this felt the same way and felt gratitude towards Dr. Tenma for saving his life. So, the child decided to grant the doctor’s wish and murdered the men the doctor spoke of and the one who replaced his job. Dr. Tenma was re-hired because of those death however, the police believed him to be the killer. Throughout the series, the Dr. Tenma tries to find out exactly who or what exactly did he save.

Monster and Frankenstein are similar in the sense that the protagonist of each story spawn a so-called “monster” that murders the people around them. Both not knowing who or what they created and bringing back the dead to life. Another circumstance where the stories are alike isthe fact that both protagonist had a past where they failed to save a life that scarred them. That past led them to wanting to bring life to their creature. However, Monster differs from Frankenstein because the child in Monster had a past that turned him into a murderous creature and he has his own family. On the other hand, the creature from Frankenstein was lonely and had no past before being brought back to life.

Forgetting All The Steps

“After so much time spent in painful labour, to arrive at once at the summit of my desires, was the most gratifying consummation of my toils. But this discovery was so great and overwhelming, that all the steps by which I had been progressively led to it were obliterated, and I behold only the result”(52). The passage I had chosen to analysis is one that puzzled me for I believed, out of all the situations in his life he perceived to be the cause of his now horrid life, that this event was the true cause of his misfortunes.

Within the passage I had stated, Frankenstein had discovered the answer to his longing need for animating a lifeless object. In this moment, the shock of discovery made him obsessed with the results. In turn, he became isolated for two years in his studies and nearly kills himself by not caring about his own well-being. Now, the question that arised was, “How could he forget about all the intensive studying and analyzing he did of the human body from life to death and death to life?” Forgetting the process of anything leads to misinterpreted results. Frankenstein could have missed something very important that could have prevented the making of a monster. If only he hadn’t have been so blinded by his discovery.

Frankenstein points out two moments in his life that he felt triggured his misfortune. 1) His father not telling him the worthlessness of reading the works of Cornelius Agrippa, Albertus, Magnus and Paracelus. 2) When he saw lightning strike a tree and a man who got excited by that, explained his theory of electricity and galvanism. These two events changed him from a youth interested in natural history to one that wanted to learn math and the natural science. It is true these moments were what made him so interested in what he was trying to accomplish however, as a scientist who forgets his stepping stones in the moment of discovery can create dillusions of actual discovery. In the same page of the passage, Frankenstein says he is not a mad man but really that is what he became at that very moment. At that moment he forgot about his past and all his understandings of life and death because some kind of light struck him tellig him that this is the answer to everything. Blindly choosing to accept his discovery was his downfall, not the ideas he was susceptible to as a child.

Escape From Home

The Zen philosophy of Basho described how one can focus on the simplicity and imperfections of life to seperate from the burden of oneself. Basho believed to do so we will find inner peace and a strong connection with the world. He looked to nature and his travels for unity and balance. Funny, because when I travel and look at nature, I do not find harmony. I still feel the pressures of everday and I still am myself. I escape the world through my phone or in the comfort of my own home. What makes me feel at peace and seperated from myself in society is video-games.

Trapped in room,

escaping through closed doors

I am home

When I’m commuting I can observe the people around me, the buildings, trees and every cloud I pass. As I do these things however, I am thinking of what school is going to be like today? What I should eat? Who should I talk to? Did I wear the right clothes for the weather? All these things I am concerned about and my mind is not at rest. But at that same moment, I can pull put my phone and those thoughts are gone. I am not concerned about myself or anyone else. I am figuratively in a different world. The people had changed, the laws had changed and I had changed.

A dirty window,

text message read on phone

start of journey

I don’t know how I am at Zen when my mind is still rigorously thinking and my body is not even close to meditating. Or maybe I am meditating but I just never saw playing video games that way. Well make it so, that from now on playing video games is not a waste of time. It is a crucial time of meditation and discovering Zen.

The sun shines

through the glass of a bedroom,

a child plays

 

 

Intro & What is Enlightenment?

Hello everyone! My name is Cedrick and I am majoring in Corp. Communications. When I am asked if I am a New Yorker, I hesitate because I was raised in Long Island where we are not identified as one of the boroughs in New York. I used to get bashed on by my friends in Queens for not knowing the struggles of being a “real New Yorker” but since I’ve been commuting to Baruch I now know the struggles.

I believe Kant’s definition of Enlightenment is a state when a person has the ability to think for themselves. Now I know it may sound crazy. After all, do we not all think for ourselves? We make our own choices based on our own beliefs.. Or do we? Because we think that we follow our own set of rules and beliefs is why Kant thinks Enlightenment is difficult to achieve. He calls this state of false Enlightenment, “immaturity”. Immaturity is the state in which we are so comfortable with what we’re told to say and to do that we accept it. We dare not wander from what we already understand because that could be dangerous and as humans, we want to stay safe. I have encountered moments where I chose to stay with the norm because I was afraid of what others may think of me.

I think that we do not currently live in an Enlightened age because in our society we are obsessed with titles and what others think of us. We blindly follow the teachings of those around us who follow the same structure of our society. Today, the internet gives us the ability to learn things on our own and to say whatever we feel like however, it is only temporary whilst in front of a screen. The real emergence from immaturity is when one can do and say things on their own. There will always be situations where we will obey and hide our own thoughts because the mentality of our society is duty before reason.