Reference at Newman Library

Tag: Demographic Data

New Census Resources for NYC Neighborhood Data

1. I’ve created a handout that summarizes the different neighborhood geographies, census datasets, and sources for finding neighborhood profiles and comparison tables. Much of the 2010 Census data is now available and the NYC Dept of City Planning has also released some new resources. The handout is available on the neighborhoods tab of the NYC Data Libguide as a PDF; it updates and replaces the Neighborhood FAQ page that was previously in the guide.

What’s the difference between the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey? What the heck is a PUMA and a ZCTA and what’s the difference? Where’s the best place to go get neighborhood census data? It’s all in the handout. The dataset, geography, and source you choose will vary based on the nature of the question and the relative importance of currency, size of geographic area, and variables needed.

2. I’ve created a new Google Map that lets you to click on ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) within the city to open 2010 Census profiles directly from the Census Bureau’s American Factfinder. ZCTAs are statistical areas created by the Census Bureau to approximate USPS ZIP Codes. The map is also available on the neighborhoods tab of the NYC Data guide, directly below the PUMA Google Map (which you can use to get neighborhood profiles from the 2007-2009 American Community Survey). If viewing the map within the guide is too constraining, you can click the View Larger Map link directly below the map to get the full screen view.

New 2010 Census Maps

The Census Bureau has created some slick looking maps and charts with new 2010 Census data. There’s a national map that shows change in population, change in congressional apportionment, and population density by state, along with population change charts for the past 100 years.

There are also state level maps that show change in population between 2000 and 2010 at the county level for total population and population by race and Hispanic / Latino origin. As of this post there are only 4 states available (New York isn’t ready yet, but you can check out Jersey); all the state level maps should be released by April 1st.

These maps were designed to be used as “widgets”. There’s some html code below each one that you can copy and paste into a web page, allowing you to embed a particular map on your web site. This blog doesn’t support the particular code; otherwise I’d embed one here. It does work in LibGuides however, if you’re using a wide page layout (two columns instead of three).

Take a look here: http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/

Finding current census data for NYC neighborhoods

Since this is a question that we frequently receive and there have been many changes to the census recently, I thought I’d provide some suggestions on how to answer it. Resources include the Census American Factfinder, the Social Explorer database, LibGuides, and Infoshare.

First, a new version of the American Factfinder has been launched. For this semester (Spring 2011) I’d suggest that you NOT use it – stick to the old version. The most recent datasets from the census are from the American Community Survey (ACS) and the new version doesn’t have ANY of the ACS data loaded yet. It will take several months before all of the ACS is added.

Second, I wouldn’t worry about looking for 2010 Census data yet. It’s going to take quite awhile before any neighborhood-level data is released, and once it is released it’s not going to be as comprehensive as it was in the past; the 2010 Census questionnaire was one of the shortest in US history. The ACS is replacing most of the detailed decennial census questions that were previously asked.

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Q. If I’m looking for data for a specific neighborhood, an overview or profile of that neighborhood, where should I look?

A. I’d suggest looking at the 3 year ACS (2007-2009) for public use microdata areas (PUMAs) which are decent for simulating NYC neighborhoods. There are 55 PUMAs in NYC:

1. Use this Google Map on the Neighborhoods tab of the NYC Data guide (http://guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu/nyc_data) to click on a neighborhood, and go directly to a profile for that neighborhood on the census bureau website. Or

2. Use the Social Explorer database (http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/search/databases.php), select the ACS 2007-2009, zoom in and click on the PUMA you want. You can then view a detailed demographic profile for that PUMA.

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Q. Hmmmmm… the PUMAs cover an area that’s larger than what I’m interested in. Are there smaller areas I can look at?

A. You can look at the 5 year ACS (2005-2009) for statistical areas called census tracts (the NY Times uses these in their Mapping America web map). Chances are these are smaller than what you would want to simulate a neighborhood , so you may have to choose several tracts and add the data together.

1. Use the Social Explorer’s map interface for the ACS 2005-2009 and select several census tracts by clicking on them or drawing a circle around an area. When you view the data report, you’ll see data for each tract you selected, and a totals column for all the areas (it sums them for you).

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Q. What if I want to compare several neighborhoods or all neighborhoods at once for a particular census variable? I’d like to build a comparison table.

A. The Social Explorer is the easiest choice, but to get access to ALL census tables you’d have to use the American Factfinder (Social Explorer only has a subset of census data):

1. You can use the Social Explorer to generate tables for PUMAs from the 3 year ACS or tracts from the 5 year ACS by clicking on individual areas or drawing a circle around them to create data tables.

2. You can go to the Census American Factfinder site directly (http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html). Choose your dataset (ACS), Series (3 year 2007-2009 or 5 year 2005-2009), geography (pumas or tracts), and then the data table you want. When you choose geographies, you can easily select all PUMAs ranging from 03701 to 04114 to capture all PUMAs in the city.

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Q. I can’t find exactly what I’m looking for in the Census. Are there other sources?

A. Yes – take a look at the NYC Data subject (http://guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu/nyc_data) guide for a list of alternatives. For example, the Furman Center at NYU publishes neighborhood profiles with lots of real estate data, and the NYC Dept of Health publishes profiles with health data.

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Q. Can I get current data for ZIP Codes?

A. Nope. ZIP Code data is not published as part of the ACS; it’s only available in the decennial census.

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Q. What about the Infoshare database on the library’s db page? Can’t I use that to get census data?

A. You can use Infoshare to build profiles or comparison tables for PUMAs (called sub-borough areas), Community Districts (59 areas slightly different than the 55 PUMAs), tracts, and “neighborhoods”, which are 292 areas designated by a city taskforce created by aggregating census tracts. The latter is the big selling point of this database; although it is difficult to ascertain what the boundaries of these neighborhoods are. My own personal bias is to use freely available resources whenever possible, especially when accessing a dataset that’s public domain to begin with. The American Factfinder is public domain, and there is a limited free version of Social Explorer available via the web. But in the end it’s up to you.

Demographic Data for Place of Work

I’ve had a number of questions from students looking for demographics for the city based on where people work. Most demographic data that’s collected is based on the geography where people LIVE – finding information about where people WORK in a given place is difficult, especially for small places (below the state and county level).

Rather than fixating on finding a specific statistic, you may have to evaluate several different sources to serve as a proxies to indicate areas of interest (i.e. areas that have a higher density of people engaged in commercial activity during the day). Each source is a trade-off where you’ll sacrifice one element (currency, small geography, or compilation by industry or occupation) for another.

Many sources with industry data classify businesses using the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), a hierarchical system of codes. For definitions and a breakdown of codes visit the NAICS site. Federal and state sources will use county names (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond) instead of borough names (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island).

Industry / Occupation data (in order of recommendation):

  1. County and ZIP Code Business Patterns – a census survey, use it to find a summary of the number of businesses and employees by industry for a county or zip code. Industries are classified using NAICS. An alternate source is the Economic Census, but the latest data for 2007 is not available yet for ZIP codes.
  2. Workforce Trends in the NYC Region – the CUNY center for Urban Research has produced county and zip code level maps of establishments and employees by NAICS sectors. Change the drop down box from NYC Metro to NYC and Nassau to see the zip code level maps. (The map doesn’t label the zip codes – for a basic zip code map go here).
  3. Reference USA – a library database that allows you to build lists of specific businesses by name based on geography (county, zip code), industrial classification (NAICS), and business name. For each business you’ll get data for the number of employees, sales, square footage of store, and more. Data can be summarized or downloaded into a spreadsheet.
  4. 2006-2008 American Community Survey – get detailed info about people based on where they LIVE (use the map under the Neighborhoods tab of the NYC data guide to access profiles for neighborhood-like areas called PUMAs), but place of work questions are far fewer and not available below the county / borough level. For county/borough place of work data via the American Factfinder look at the American Community Survey 3 year data tables for Journey to Work data by workplace geography – the data will be broken down by transit method to work, occupation, and industry.
  5. 2000 Census – definitive in that it provides work place population by all geographies (counties, ZIP Codes, census tracts) by occupation and industry, but it’s rather old for doing current research. Rather than going to the census directly, you can access compiled reports from the NYC Dept of City Planning.
  6. Exisiting Reports – New York City Labor Market Information Service has detailed reports on different industries within the city, which may provide some breakdown of the data. The NYC Department of Planning has several special projects and neighborhood studies, which may include special surveys or statistics on business, traffic, and land use conducted particularly for that study.
  7. Search for news – someone may have conducted their own research at some point and did a survey – search the library’s databases; Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, Factiva, and ABI Inform are good places to start.

Proxies for density (transit and land use)

Final note – many of these sources, and others, are available via the NYC data guide.