I have one recommendation to reduce gender wage gap in the work place is to unionization at workplace for women. Mostly men are involved in union based work but a few women are cautious about union at workplace.  Unionized women make 87.8 percent of men’s wages versus their non-union counterparts who earn 79.9 percent. Growth of unionization at workplace could be a crucial tool for women to use against employers who discriminate in pay, but the trend in the country is going in the opposite direction.

I am agree with Allison’s idea of increasing minimum wage because most of our women are involved in minimum wage job. So, if the minimum wage increased, our women will enjoy better life style.

Affordable child care and   increasing the   number of child care also another excellent idea which will positively impacts on women’s income. In addition, increasing   the number of day care center also create many jobs for other women. In this way, other women can make money at home and boost our economy. Overall, Allison’s presentation was awesome and I feel connected with this issue because I had to face this issue in my life

Jerin Choudhury

Fishkin introduced the Deliberative Poll to show the shortcomings of public opinion. He refers that   the leaders are not informed and they have lack of background knowledge. Therefore, the citizens stay uninformed about the issue. However, deliberative polling is designed to figure out citizen’s reflection on a specific issue where citizens will acquire sufficient background knowledge to interact with the policy makers to understand   various policy positions

Following is the strengths and weakness of deliberative poll:

Strengths:

Deliberative Poll create diverse group of participants. Furthermore, it create opportunities to get feedback from experts and followers. There is   specific time range for deliberation. Deliberation is a mixture of representative sampling, sample size, and detailed post-deliberation assessment. However, these rewards also have some drawbacks.

By contrast, the Deliberative Poll knocks   only the influence on education, discussion, and reflection in a short period of time.

If the Deliberative Poll   is more organized, citizen will have chance to interact with experts and partisans.

It is very good idea for experts and partisans to   cross examine one another at the time of hearing testimony.

Weakness:

# The   common critique for deliberative poll is that the final outcome from the survey data is sometimes flawed.

#sometimes the survey   data is not exact   because the outcome of the data comes from various polling event .Also, the judgment of the participants can impact the deliberative poll.

# The Deliberative Poll, does not provide enough time for face-to-face deliberation. Citizens need time to work through the nuances of issues and adequately hear each other’s views.

In the Deliberative Poll, face to face deliberation time is very short and limited. Therefore, citizens sometimes unable to understand the important element of the issue.

Jerin  Chooudhury

The notion of filibuster was simple.The Senate is currently   is planning to modify the filibuster process. The filibuster is not the best feature. Following is the reasons

:  1. unconstitutional:

The filibuster seems unconstitutional because it is not mentioned in the original constitution written by Alexander Hamilton. The Senate was didn’t recognize the filibuster which created a gap   and the senator tried to abolish the filibuster since 1841.

2. undemocratic:The Senate is inherently and hopelessly undemocratic and filibuster is democratically imbalanced.
3. Collape the Senate:Filibuster is well documented and universally understood but it breakdown the senate .
4. And it will bring down the other two branches along with it:Senior judicial and executive branch nominations must be permitted by the Senate and are subject to the filibuster. Senators have chance to play political games with the high qualified candidates. Furthermore low-profile bills, it’s often not sufficient to raise  cloture on district court judges or obscure administration positions. Instant agreement eliminated   from the judicial logjam at times. There is an alert on crisis   in the federal court when the judge retire the without replacing the post so they are thankful to filibuster in the senate.
5. Checks and balances are not necessary : Checks and balances with two houses in the legislature, the committee process, presidential vetoes and judicial review without a supermajority requirement in one of the chambers. As noted earlier, the founders didn’t intend for it to be this way.

Filibuster will be a great idea. If the democracies would follow and set their but which is unusual. Therefore, I believe that filibuster is unrealistic and not fruitful.

policy brief

Jerin Tasnim Choudhury

PAF 9103

Political language and deliberation

Well-crafted political language must have positive impacts and promote good deliberation. Frank Luntz is famous for his public speech and he tests and figures out appropriate   words for public speaking and written speech. I agree with Frank Luntz that deliberation will become more effective when it expresses people’s opinion. Usage of appropriate   and neutral word choice avoid conflicts and   it is helpful to grab audience attention. Language sometimes changes the feeling of a statement. War on Iraq –War on terror, global warning- climate change, tax cut- tax relief these word choices creates huge impact on people’s mind.  Carefully chosen words can make differences therefore naming is important. Appropriate naming influences any policy and naming makes people to feel connected with the issue .In any political debate, politician’s usage of language somewhat determines the election result. Well written and powerful word choices greatly catches people’s mind. Since 80 % of our brains responds to emotion. President Bush was very good in debate and his speech was very powerful. Therefore, he easily misinformed people about war and became criticized .To sum up, using appropriate and neural word choices are very crucial   element for influential   speech.

To: U.S. Department of Homeland Security

From: Jerin Choudhury , MPA Student at Baruch College

Date: September 17, 2015

RE: Undocumented workers in U.S.

Problem:                                  Undocumented Workers in U.S.

Undocumented workers provide critical contributions to the US economy. The agriculture, construction, and restaurant sectors   would collapse without the critical contributions of undocumented workers. Hiring undocumented aliens plays as a positive incentive for a dynamic economy. It becomes evident that undocumented workers are a necessary asset for the growth of the US economy. Many undocumented workers are forced to hold their jobs that pay them less than the minimum wage, sometimes $2 an hour. The employers exploit these workers in order to make a high profit. The employers know that these undocumented workers will never leave because they have very little choice.  I believe that paying undocumented workers less than the minimum wage ($ 8.75) is unethical and a violation of human rights. Also, it creates a legal system of slavery and exploitation.

Hiring illegal workers is illegal and paying them less than the minimum wage is immoral. Illegal workers are the most helpless and oppressed workers in the United States. They are victims of low wages, hazardous workplace conditions, injuries, discrimination and other labor related disruptions. Illegal hiring breaks up the labor laws; as a result, companies may impose heavy penalties. Hiring an undocumented worker is a dangerous business. However, companies still tend to hire illegal employees to reduce the labor cost. There are 9.3 million undocumented workers in the United States. 2.2 million are Mexican, 2.2 million are from  Latin American countries, 10% from Asia, 5% from Europe and Canada and 5 %  from  the rest of the globe. Undocumented workers usually live in California, New York, Florida, Texas, Illinois, and New Jersey.  Undocumented workers are mostly involved in agriculture, housekeeping, baby sitting and food service work. The majority of the undocumented workers work without health insurance and are paid below the minimum wage. It is a great benefit for a company to save labor costs. Undocumented workers are willing   to work below the minimum wage because U.S money is worth more in their native countries. Undocumented workers do not complain about their lack of benefits.  They have no health insurance, social security or IRS payments. Most Americans are not willing to work for the low wages that the illegal worker   accept. However, illegal workers work hard to save their jobs. They cannot file lawsuits against their companies or managers. For this reason, they get hired by the companies. Undocumented workers decrease the labor costs of construction and restaurant businesses. These low labor costs stimulate the dynamic economy. Food prices are low. In the U.S about 25% to 50% farm labors come from undocumented workers. We owe the undocumented workers for their contribution to our agriculture. Many economists believe that immigrants legal or illegal play a vital role in the overall economy.  Undocumented workers are willing   to work below the minimum wage because U.S dollars have great value in their home countries. Mexicans are the largest immigrant groups in the United States. Money send home maximizes happiness to their families. Undocumented workers are afraid of deportation and they are happy having few benefits. Their job performance and salaries paid do not match the dedication they provide to their employer. In Coyotes, Migration   duration, and remittances, Author describes the positive consequences of remittance send by Mexican undocumented workers from the United States to Mexico.  Mexican immigrants   reside in the United States   for a short period of time. Among   Latin American immigrants, Mexican receives the fewest US green cards. Most Mexican migrants   arrive to United States in the   growing season. Growing season refers to harvesting time. When the harvesting is over they leave the United States. Research suggests that Mexican alien   go back to Mexico after a   few months of their arrival. These alien come to   the United States through worker visas .These workers have previous experience of working  in   and entering  the to the   United States illegally . Remittance sent to Mexico from immigrants working in US totaled $ 21.5 billion in 2009.  The remittance is still consider the largest source of   earning path in the economy of   Mexico. In   Business Ethics and Ethical Business,  Audi (2009) has  mentioned Kantian Ethics to elaborate the idea of exploitations: ‘Each person   has dignity and profound worth; therefore people should not be exploited or manipulated or merely used as a means to and ends(Audi, 2009) .Undocumented workers do not get any praise from their employers. Sometimes   they work for long shifts without any breaks and days off. Undocumented workers do not have safe work environment and adequate equipment to finish their work easily. As a result, they suffer from muscle pain and mental stress.  Undocumented workers are scared of losing their jobs because   they depend on their jobs to survive in the United States. Many companies use this anxiety as a chance to make profit for their businesses. Employers   receive benefits from undocumented workers. A company saves every dollar by paying less than the   minimum wage. This is simply unfair and unethical because   it disrespects the true value of their   quality. The employers use this cheap labor to make profit in their business.  On the other hand, undocumented workers’ benefits are few. I t is very clear that exploiting undocumented workers   by paying less then minimum wage is unethical and immoral. The benefit levels between these two groups are unbalanced and unjust.

The issue of undocumented workforce is very sensitive.

The United States is a country of immigrants. America is called the melting pot because of the diversity of the people , mixture of different cultures, customs, norms and values but when any immigrant come  to America legal or illegal ,one day they  become American. Every human being has some value.  Paying   less than minimum wage means underestimating the value human. Therefore, it is time for United States to solve this issue and give undocumented workers to enjoy legal rights in workplace.

Work Cited

Audi, R. (2009). Business ethics   and ethical business. (1 ed., p. 17). New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.