These are some of the more impactful sources that assisted me in my assignment 3. 

Robinson, Lawrence. “Smartphone and Internet Addiction.” HelpGuide.org, 2 March 2023, https://www.helpguide.org/articles/addictions/smartphone-addiction.htm . Accessed 21 May 2023. (WEBSITE)

The purpose of the article is to provide information about a popular addiction these days, our smartphones. The article included its causes, symptoms, and strategies for managing and overcoming it. The article particularly discusses the growing problem and its impact on an individual’s mental and physical well-being. It explores the signs and symptoms of smartphone addiction, such as neglect of work and personal responsibilities as well as withdrawal symptoms. The work generally targets individuals who are concerned about their smartphone usage and connects with the readers by providing ways to help. The article is relevant to my topic of regulating smartphone addiction as it provides useful information on how smartphones are similar to other drug addictions. The material is generally informative and balanced in its approach. But it is not too much of an in-depth research article. It is more of an overview that gives readers a quick and easier read. Also, the article is published on HelpGuide.org, a website that is a nonprofit to help mental health and well-being. There might be a slight bias toward emphasizing the negative aspects of smartphone addiction.

Turner, Ash. “50+ Smartphone Addiction Statistics & Phone Usage (2023).” BankMyCell, 2023, https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/smartphone-addiction/. Accessed 21 May 2023.(WEBSITE)

The purpose of this article is to emphasize some of the statistics of smartphone users. It provides insight on the percentages of people who use it before bed or even on the toilet. The article discusses some of the growing problems of smartphone addiction and brings up survey evidence that highlights its effects on individuals’ mental and physical health, relationships, and productivity. The article is written to a general audience but it targets those who are looking for help with their addiction or researchers on the issue. This article is prevalent to my assignment as it allowed for me to emphasize that many addicts are not alone in their struggle. Many people find that they are addicted to their smartphones and we need to learn to moderate our use by finding hobbies.The many strengths of this article is the collection of their survey data and their presentation of it. There is some bias that argue for the negative effects of phone use but the statistics are likely to not be affected.

Daniyal, Muhammad. “The Relationship between Cellphone Usage on the Physical and Mental Wellbeing of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.” NCBI, 30 July 2022, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368281/# . Accessed 21 May 2023. (DATABASE)

This article comes from the database of the National Library of Medicine which is a website of archives that provides access to information to advance science and health. The contributors of this article survey hundreds of university students. They take their demographic categories and phone use habits to categorize them. With a detailed questionnaire, they ask them a variety of questions about their physical and mental health. With statistics and formulas, they prove how cell phones affect us in subjects like loneliness, weight gain, neck pain, and eye strain. The audience that they target is other researchers to analyze their data and increase our knowledge of some of the issues in our modern society. This research article is important to my assignment as it provides insight into the correlation between many of the physical consequences of smartphones. I am able to bring this in to prove my thesis about the negative effects of smartphones as we hunch over on our backs. As they are scientists, there is little to no bias in their work as they mainly provide statistics and calculations on their data. They take into account the many variables that may cause errors and address them. 

Wang, Yongming. “Altered Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Integrity in College Students with Mobile Phone Dependence.” NCBI, 4 May 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4855531/ . Accessed 21 May 2023. (DATABASE)

This article also comes from a database of the National Library of Medicine. In this article, the contributors inform readers about some of the physiological effects of heavy phone usage. With the collection of college students and MRI scans, they distinguish the students in categories of high and low cell phone use and look into the scans of gray matter in the brain. The audience that they are writing for are other researchers in the topic and to support other theses to be made. This article provides many visuals for readers to view and to analyze the differences. With their posting of the scans, readers can apparently see the decrease in gray matter that aligns with excessive cell phone usage. Their work is prevalent to the topic of cell phone use as it proves that addiction is in fact similar to substance abuse and that the long-term effects can cause issues with cognitive function. There is little bias as they are science researchers and they also look at other variables that can be the cause of this causation. 

Alter Adam. Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping us Hooked. New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2017. ISBN 0735223866. Accessed 21 May 2023 (BOOK)

This book’s purpose is to inform readers of the impact of cell phones on our society. However, this book explores the addictive nature of devices and how it reaches children and adolescents. Like many of the other articles, it targets readers who find themselves on their phones more often than not. This article was important to my topic as I learned more about how our attention spans are shortening and I was able to incorporate this into a subcategory about mental health in my paper. There were many strengths in this paper such as providing real-life examples, sourcing big news companies, and combining insights with psychology. There is little bias as the author does explore how technology has had a great positive on society as well. There is little weakness in the article except for the fact that, some chapters ramble about information that stretches away from the main claim. 

Haughton, Noela A., et al. “Digital Disturbances, Disorders, and Pathologies: A Discussion of Some Unintended Consequences of Technology in Higher Education.” Educational Technology, vol. 53, no. 4, 2013, pp. 3–16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44430163 . Accessed 21 May 2023. (DATABASE)

The article above provides qualitative research on how the effects of technology on university students. With smartphone use being incorporated, our daily lives are changing. This is especially prevalent in young adults and children. Children are less likely to go to the park and now spend more hours at home behind a tablet screen. Teenagers and young adults are having more difficulty focusing on school and on communication skills. This article targets researchers who focus on the psychology of students and the habits that they are picking up. Learning more about the psychology of students with increased screen time assists my assignment with giving a greater understanding of what smartphone use is replacing and what the impacts of this are. More smartphone use means less time to study, and less time to think about the passions in students’ lives. There were many strengths providing many real-life scenarios of universities that gave data on the dropping of grades. There is some weakness in the article as this article is from 2013 and some of the information given has been replaced with more recent data. But nonetheless, the author makes many great points that are shown today.