The reason why the Islamic heaven is a rich and fertile garden isn’t stated in the text explicitly, but there are some connections that can be made to explain this. The first connection is the fact that Muslims, Christians , and Jews share some similar foundations between their religions, one of which is the Garden of Eden. The Garden of Eden was where people were close to God and enjoyed peaceful lives in bliss, which is the reward for following the Qur’an and God’s will. The Qur’an states that there will be a Judgement Day and that the “good” people who accepted God and followed his will, will go to heaven and be under his protection, living their life in bliss and happiness. This seems to be a return to the same Garden of Eden. However, the ones who disobey God will not return and instead be forbidden to enter the Garden, just like the time when Adam and Eve were cast out for eating the Forbidden fruit. Those “losers” will be forced to live in a hellish, hot, and dry place which coincidentally seems closer to the conditions in the Arabian peninsula, where the religions first started, than heaven.
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I agree with your views on how the Qur’an depicts the gardens compared to how Christians talk about the gardens. The reoccurring series of events between the two religions is if one disobeys the rules, they must be punished. Therefore those who are loyal to the religion are then rewarded in the afterlife. As for Christians and Muslims there is heaven and hell. Heaven represents the gardens as mentioned in the reading, ” gardens graced with flowing streams” meaning the person who’s done good would be sent to a serene and peaceful place. Those who betray the almighty receive lesser fortune. The reason why the Qur’an briefly mentions anything about gardens is because of the similarity between the two religions.