Summary/Response: Read Pages 141 – 159

Once you do the reading ahead of its due date, please enter your first 150-word summary responses as a comment to this post. The 150 words covers all the assigned pages, but feel free to write more if you wish. Your summary response can address any of the questions below or more:

  1. What did you learn?
  2. Can you share a personal experience that supports or challenges the author’s statements.
  3. Do you have other pieces of information that connect in some way to the authors claims?
  4. How is what you learned related to our class, your other classes, your future job, other areas of life, and/or our major assignments?

Be sure to read closely, highlighting key passages and taking notes about your thoughts and reactions. Use the Reading and Annotating Guide to prepare a thorough summary/response.

137 thoughts on “Summary/Response: Read Pages 141 – 159”

  1. This reading first delves into the importance of rhetoric, in that it is an important skill to have in order to be a good writer. I always heard about the word rhetoric but never really understood what it was until I read this chapter. Rhetoric is basically the choice somebody makes in order to “interpret and create forms of communication.” It is a very useful skill because it helps readers and writers understand communicative choices. It is not about persuasion per se but more concerned with how to use certain words to produce and invoke particular attitudes. The author also mentions logos, pathos, and ethos which is something that I have been familiar with since high school. In this chapter the author categorizes these words as invent arguments, developed by Aristotle. I learned that it is these invent arguments that contribute to a person’s critical thinking skills. I was also surprised to learn that rhetoric is all around us like our everyday products and even society. I also learned about the different lenses for analysis, and I appreciate that the chapter includes the different lenses to use when analyzing different genres. For example, ethos is more associated with analyzing a non fiction text. Additionally the author differentiates between summary and analysis. An analysis delves deeper into what the purpose of a text is and how the author expresses this. I already know this difference because of the Analysis assignment.

  2. The reading covers a lot of important points regarding the term rhetoric; however, to truly understand the meaning of this word we have to understand the purpose and the actual definition of the term. Most people when they hear the word “rhetoric” they would associate it with something bad, demeaning, or relative to politics because that is how the media portrays it. However, if one looks into a more in-depth meaning of the literature notion of the term it means “a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas, making us better writers and thinkers”. Furthermore, the author of the reading highlights the importance of rhetoric in our daily life, and how it is used and can be found in anything from simple things such as a manual on how to install a television to political campaigns. Likewise, rhetoric also attempts to persuade or influence behavior, but the takeaway of this is to help the writing use the correct language to approach his audience. Also, from the reading, I learned about the lenses for analysis. These lenses include Ethos, Pathos, Logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, and so on. These elements help the reader analyze any form of writing from a deeper level. Lastly, the reading summarizes this section with the notion of asking questions of the text and interpret the them.

    1. Hi Marcela. It is interesting to see your interpretation of rhetoric. I did not know many people perceived it to be a bad thing. In fact, I always associated rhetoric with being a good writer. I agree that the use of logo, ethos, and pathos can help readers deeply understand what they are reading and it is something that I have learned since high school. This reading really provided with more ways to use these different lenses.

  3. Rhetoric, is the method of analyzing another’s writing. I never really knew what rhetoric meant before but I know that we have analyzed many readings throughout high school and even now while going through our sources. It’s a really important to our writing as our diction may invoke a certain attitude or tone in our readers. Such rhetoric includes ethos, logos, and pathos which are different ways you can connect with your readers. I have had experiences using these in order to persuade my readers to support a articular thing. This is useful to what we do in class and in our future as we will face circumstances where we may need to persuade someone in order to have them think a certain way. In addition to rhetoric, the author talks about the summary and analysis. I learned more about the differences and importance of a summary and analysis while doing the annotated bibliography.

    1. Agreed. Our first assignment also had rhetoric elements to it as we discovered who our intended audience is and what message/argument we are attempting to deliver. Our diction is certainly crucial as words, in general, have so much power, and it is often looked over upon in our society today.

  4. The reading reiterates many of the concepts students adhere to when composing written pieces, highlighting the idea of rhetoric. One quote from Aristotle I liked from the reading includes, “Let rhetoric [be defined as] an ability, in each [particu-lar] case, to see the available means of persuasion. This is the function of no other art; for each of the others is instructive and persuasive about its own subject.” This reminds me of prepping during SAT days back in high school when my tutor introduced me to three fundamental groundlines to cover in our essays – logos, pathos, and ethos. When I first heard about this, I did not fully understand how to integrate them into my written works, and moreover, how can I structure my organization about those three elements? Looking back at it now, I understand that these concepts were no more than figuring out how to induce our audience to a stance we hold dear. These elements ultimately configure the diction, tone, and ideas we bring about in our writing to present our argument and demonstrate why we keep these beliefs in high regard. Overall, rhetoric is almost always a part of our lives with great power. It can spark a movement of large numbers or simply bring attention to a matter. I also loved the example of NFL protests in the reading, highlighting the point of view on players taking a knee to the flag as opposed to media outlets and patriots claiming this action as uttermost disrespect.

    1. Hi Aryan,

      I completely agree. The key elements of pathos, ethos and logos are fundamental to forming a persuasive argument. I also have learned in this class that when you are forming an argument to think about the counterargument which makes your stance stronger. You also should focus on the targeted audience that you are trying to convince.

  5. I was very interested to read about the history of rhetoric starting with Aristotle and the “big three: logos (logic and facts), pathos (emotional appeals) and ethos (influencing the audience).” I had never realized how those are the major components in forming an argument using critical thinking skills. I always thought of rhetoric more in keeping with the contemporary viewpoint of Kenneth Burke who equates rhetoric with language. Language is what we use to communicate whether it is spoken or unspoken. Common language is a unifying factor among cultures and a way that people identify with each other. Communication can also be non-verbal using gestures and facial expressions. This is a way that people with language differences often find ways to communicate with each other. Emojis as a concept might seem so silly but when you put it in the context of rhetoric you recognize its value as a connecting symbol across many cultural divides. Emojis is just one example of how language changes over time. My grandmother would never understand my casual conversation or texting symbols that she calls “a teenager language.” I on the other hand have a difficult time with her formal way of speaking.

  6. This reading really opens my mind up and helped me learn many useful writing techniques. I actually didn’t know or heard the word rhetoric before, and this reading gave me a better understanding of rhetoric. According to the reading, rhetoric can help us understand other people’s choices and how we make choices. I think rhetoric is very important in terms of writing, especially for persuasive writings. Where rhetoric is used to convince or make the intended audience to believe in something that the writer intended them to. Pathos, logos, and ethos could be used to trigger some reaction within the audiences, hence achieve the goal of persuading them. It was also shocking for me that rhetoric exists everywhere, even in our daily lives, where the term sounds if it only exists in writing. However, it is used everywhere and that provides another reason why we must understand and study it. Overall, I think this reading really helped me improve as a reader where I can write better argumentative paper now by applying these techniques.

    1. I agree with what you are saying and yes pathos , logos, and ethos are good for and it also shocks me that rhetoric is everywhere even that we don’t know it exists. It also helped me improve as a reader and I can use these techniques to better write my argument paper.

  7. In this reading, it talks about the author’s rhetoric. Rhetoric is a method by which the author is writing. Through my experiences of writing, I’ve learned that it is imperative to capture the reader’s attention by using ethos, logos, and pathos. Each of these rhetorics appeals to the reader in different ways such that the author hooks them into agreeing with the author. It is super important to persuade your readers using these rhetorics as it plays a huge role in getting them into your side. Similar to the last reading, the author also talks about the importance of a summary and analysis while writing. An argumentative essay needs to be persuasive so that you can get people onto your side of the perspective so while applying these techniques to your writing, your goal of persuading them will hold true.

  8. In this part of the textbook, it is heavily focused on how a writer should approach an analysis assignment. In the beginning of the reading, it talks a little bit about rhetoric. Something new I learned in this part of the reading was logos, pathos and ethos. I can faintly recall hearing the terms, but I didn’t know exactly what they were and how they were used. This chapter taught me that the terms are modes of persuasion, which are devices in rhetoric that classify the speaker’s appeal to the audience. I just thought it was neat for me to come to terms with their definitions. The main takeaway for me was the different “lenses” available to analyze a text. There were like 13 lenses listed out, and it was interesting because some of the tools were completely new to me, such as Queer Theory.

    However, the bulk of the reading is about analysis of a text. I thought it was really useful, because it describes everything that should be included in an analysis. This is really useful because even though we completed our Analysis Assignment, I know that in the future, there will be more instances where I will have to analyze a certain text, possibly a business statement or something similar. In that case, I will be able to apply the knowledge presented in this reading.

    1. I agree with your statement , I find that the discussion on analysis is very useful in helping to build our own skills in our writing assignments and as we continue to learn new skills that will help us to become better writers altogether .

  9. This reading helped me better understand what the term rhetoric means. I’ve heard of rhetoric many times, but I was always unsure what it actually meant. Rhetoric is something that we use in our daily lives to interpret and create forms of communication. Rhetoric has multiple definitions and every culture has various forms of rhetoric. The author mentions the rhetorical appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos, which I learned in my past English classes to engage with the audience in a variety of ways. These three terms are important methods when analyzing texts. The author also discusses how to develop a thesis in essays. I’ve always believed that a thesis is the most important part when writing an argumentative essay because you always have to be clear about what you are arguing for. In the reading, the author called a sustained, well-articulated argument a macro-question, which is a big question that has to be answered in your essay. Micro-questions are the little questions that help answer the big question. You use the micro-questions as the controlling ideas of body paragraphs to develop the thesis, which is the macro-question. The author also mentions that you always have to ask yourself if your thesis is too simple, broad, or speculative. It takes time to develop a good thesis statement. We have to make sure to draft out and think carefully about what point we’re making in the writing.

  10. Through reading, I learned the meaning of rhetoric. Also, it’s very important in our writing. Rhetoric can make our writing more accurate, vivid, and enhance the effect of word expressions. The author mentioned that rhetoric is a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas. I agree with the author, so in my opinion, rhetoric is a kind of effort to make language more effective in the process of using and expressing. The consideration of words and sentences and the deliberation of words are very important in rhetoric. Rhetorical can greatly improve the artistic level and artistic appeal of the writing. Rhetoric needs to be accumulated to be better expressed in our writing. I remember that many of my teachers highly recommend that we read as many books as possible in our lives. It can help us to find the different writing styles of authors, and to learn about their outstanding points. So that we can learn more writing and rhetorical skills.

  11. This reading really opened my eyes, the term rhetoric is to interpret and use our communication with others. before I was confused about what is rhetoric. I really didn’t have a clear understand what rhetoric always meant. Through high school we always use rhetoric strategies but never knew what was the point but it was really to analyze the text and see what the author is really trying to tell us readers. I learned that rhetoric is a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas to makes us a better writer and thinker. When we read books or other sources we always try to analyze what they are trying to say and now I notice why rhetoric is important. Some things I knew before was logos, pathos, ethos which is some method we use to analyze texts. Personal experience I had before with rhetoric is right now where we are writing an argument essay I would have to analyze sources and see what each text main point is. I feel like analyzing sources really helps us as a writer because you get more info from the texts and it better prepares you. These strategies Im learning from my text reading really helps me in my english class because it gives me a clear view of what each topic is saying. One new thing that I came across was Queer Theory which was kinda confusing but it made sense at the end. This text was pretty interesting to read .

  12. In this reading, I learned more about rhetorics. Rhetorics is a term defined as being able to persuade effectively in an artwork or writing. Using rhetorics can heavily influence readers into believing what you are saying which can be very beneficial when needing to get a point across. I previously knew that authors and content creators may use pathos, logos, and ethos in their work to persuade their readers. This is a technique that is used but it has to be done effectively for it to actually be able to work. I can relate to rhetorics because I have bought something online because the words that described that specific item were very persuasive and it made me want to buy it. I know that pathos, logos, and ethos are different techniques to effectively persuade a reader by using sadness, facts, and credibility. Learning about rhetorics can be related to our class because this information can be used when writing my argumentative essay. In my argumentative essay I will be able to use rhetorics, more specifically logos, pathos, and ethos in order to persuade the readers to believe what I am saying.

  13. The reading explains the term “rhetoric” and describes it purpose in writing while also being described in different ways. This means that it could be defined as the choices people make in order to get their point across. This is common knowledge as expressed in the reading. As we all were mostly under the U.S education system. The reading also mentions rhetoric convocations which include styles, tropes, genres, audiences and purpose. This is extremely important as it really makes a piece unique. Every piece has a specific purpose that is going to appeal to a specific audience. So from the reading, the read must identify the point of the text and how could they utilize the rhetoric convocations to express themselves. So this means that we could and will be able to use this in our everyday lives in order to get our message across to the people we talk to. It could also help us further appreciate the reasons why people do what they do and how if we do not like their work, it’s fine because it may not had been targeted towards us and may had been created for another audience.

  14. I learned about what rhetoric and rhetorical analysis is. I learned that rhetorical analysis can be used to analyze songs and media, and rhetoric is in our daily lives such as ads, which I have not considered before. This topic relates to what I have learned in English classes when trying to figure out the intended audience and message is in a text. It also relates to when my English teachers have told me to consider my audience. I have learned to have a rhetorical audience and situation in the way I write in this class. I learned about ethos, pathos, and logos. I have learned about using it in persuasion in an English class. I learned about new lenses such as exigence and kairos. I knew these concepts but not these terms for them which was interesting. I had to analyze a book from a feminist lens in an essay. It was difficult but interesting to analyze in a certain way. It requires deeper analysis than what I had previously done in English classes. I learned some helpful tips on how to approach an analysis assignment such as annotating. I learned about micro- and macro- questions to answer to make my thesis. This relates to the questions we tried to answer for the synthesis letter assignment. I learned about what questions to avoid. I learned how to develop a thesis.

  15. In this reading, I gained a better understanding of rhetoric and about terministic screens. Rhetoric helps readers better understand and interpret another’s writing. The authors provide some tools to help analyze texts. They mentioned the big three: logos (use of logic and reason), pathos(emotional appeals), and ethos(credibility). I learned these ideas but never knew how to incorporated it. The author talks about different lenses to use when analyzing different topics. Lenses help readers gain a different perspective for seeing texts. For videos and images its important to consider design and stylistic elements. They also describe the differences between summary and analysis. He continues by discussing how to develop a thesis and how important it is to have a good introduction to your essay.
    The thesis should of course be clear and concise and answer some questions the readers raise.

    1. I certainly agree with what you said, Eric. Personally, I have not felt confident on the usage of ethos, pathos, and logos. However, now after this reading I feel like I am more able to use these rhetoric in my assignments. With an argumentative assignment upcoming, the reminder of these terms are perfect and now we are able to use them more efficiently.

  16. A part that had me change my mind about the word rhetoric are the definitions and the way people view it. The word has a deeper meaning besides persuading, which I never knew. The word rhetoric can be a method where we analyze the writing of others and use that new knowledge to create new ideas. From what I understand, through research and going through cultures, it means to think and mainly to communicate with one another. (p. 96 paras.2) The big three also caught me by surprise: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos. I never knew these till now. As I learn these, I get a better understanding of rhetoric. A paper that’s meant to persuade someone will consist of logos, pathos, and/or ethos. It can usually be combined with analyzing and paraphrasing, as well as forming questions. After reading and better understanding, I can use rhetorical in my writings in both analytic and argumentative responses/essays.

  17. Rhetoric is a technique that can be used to analyze other writings and to help us gain ideas. To get a better idea, ethos, pathos, and logos are used. Ethos analyzes how the author tries to persuade an audience with credibility. Pathos analyzes how the writer uses emotion to persuade an audience. Lastly, logos are used to analyze how the writer uses facts. We are also introduced to the difference between a summary and an analysis. A summary describes something, while analysis provides an interpretation of a story. We are also taught on how to approach an analysis assignment and to build upon our thesis statement using the information and sources that we had carefully gathered. I was introduced to the ethos, pathos, and logos, in high school and have only been taught it approximately one-two times, so it’s pretty unfamiliar to me. However, because I am being taught it again in a way that is more clear, I believe that it could better my and others writings.

    1. I agree with you on the interpretation of rhetoric. Rhetoric is a technique that helps the reader identifying and analyzing the author’s claim. Some components of rhetoric are ethos, pathos, and logos. Those components build the author’s credibility, evokes emotions, and provide evidence to support the author’s argument. The reading explored the rhetoric in depth compared to the only lesson on the rhetorical devices I learned in high school.

  18. Before the reading, the word rhetoric has a negative denotation to me. I would think of persuasion and manipulation on the audiences by presenting them a dilemma and directing their thinking in a certain way. However, the reading gave me a more concise interpretation on rhetoric, which is “a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas, making us better writers and thinkers”. The interpretation suddenly cleared my confusion I had on the purpose of using rhetoric in my writing. Rhetoric isn’t about forcing the readers/audiences to make a decision on my question; Rhetoric is about promoting critical thinking skill by presenting the evidence to the audiences. I learned that rhetoric is a tool I can use to connect with my audiences by using ethos, logos, pathos, and diction – those are some of the major components in forming a valid argument that promotes critical thinking. Overall, rhetoric helps me to better understand others’ choices by identifying their claim and the appeals (ethos, logos, pathos).

  19. From this reading I learned that rhetoric is something we use daily, and to me subconciously. There are 3 different types of rhetoric and they are; ethos, pathos, and logos. These are methods for engaging the reader in a multitude of ways. The author also mentions how to develop a thesis, and other terms that were not familiar to me. These terms were macro and micro-questions. The macro question is essentially the over-arching question that is the be answered in ur essay. Whereas the micro-questions are the smaller questions answered through out to help answer the macro question. You must also develop a valid thesis statement, it cannot be broad it must be specific and relative to your point. By reading these pages, I feel more well-equipped to start my argumentative essay for our next assignment.

  20. Generally, this section of the textbook reminded me of my experiences with debate. The section starts off with a discussion on rhetoric. The section describes rhetoric analysis as generally being figuring out why and something was written the way it was and how that creates a target audience. Personally, I have quite a lot of experience with this. I am not very good at reading off a piece of paper I better at coming up with ideas and arguments on the spot. So in public form debate as the second speaker, I would write bullet points of what I wanted to say and “fill in the blanks” when I was actually speaking. This gave me an advantage that I didn’t really realize I was utilizing till I read their definition of rhetoric analysis. What I would do is based on the experience level of the judge I would either dumb down or smarter up the premise of my argument. I would also be more analytical or “emotional” based on what the opponent was doing. If they were strictly analytical I would try to incorporate more emotion into my argument to gain more attention. If they lacked evidence I would focus on providing credibility to my argument through statistics and following up with some hypothetical scenarios based on my info. So based on my personal experience, I agree with the author that theoretical analyst is a crucial part of creating an argument and more importantly understanding how something applies to you or how something you said applies to someone else. The article also goes into the concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos. Which I think most high school students in the U.S are familiar with. I think the concepts are a little bit limiting I don’t really see how meta-advertising and media fit into that, as they aren’t really designed to get a reaction from you. It is more so built around you starting your own conversation not necessarily asking you to imagine a scenario. I also don’t think satirical advertisement really fits into that, but I do see how you can make an argument for it being included under pathos. I think both of these are important to note as they are becoming a more popular form of advertisement with younger people. The section also notes how these are viewed differently depending on the form of media. I also learned new terminology from the section, particularly micro and macro questions. Previously the only world I really knew that could cover those definitions would have been the theme in a paragraph or section and overarching theme. Everything I learned today should be applicable in the future in a finance setting as finance as a career is based around communication skills for many positions and this discussion helps me build within that skill set.

  21. On page 97 of the reading, the author states that “language is never neutral – everything is rhetoric.” I immediately related this to my reading for my anthropology class. The purpose of the article is to illustrate and respond to the way that scientists describe the egg and sperm cells and the implications those descriptions have on gender roles and assumptions for each gender. There is a general implication, in scientific papers, that the egg cell and menstruation cycle is wasteful (negative) while sperm and male reproductive system are productive (positive), so the author suggests that scientists should use a more neutral language to describe cells without personification. So I do agree with the statement that language is never neutral, not completely at least. This is because no matter how hard someone tries to make language come across as neutral, there can still be slight connotations that come with every word.

  22. From the reading set, I learned what it means to analyze a piece of work . According to the reading, “analysis asks you to consider the what (the point of the text), the how (ways the writer makes the point using rhetorical strategies), and the why (the audience, purpose, and exigence or reason for the text)” (p. 99). This is extremely important to know as both the writer and reader, as analyzing is a crucial part of an argumentative essay, and it helps the readers understand what the evidence has to do with the main ideas/topic. I also learned that theoretical lens depends more on the reader than the writer themselves. It’s about how the reader wants to interpret the piece, not what the author wants. Finally, something else I learned was that rhetorical analysis can be used anywhere, and it’s not limited to famous speeches or books. It can be used for anything from user manuals, to social media advertisements, and even our text messages.

    1. I completely agree with your point of universal usage potential that rhetoric has. It seems very common since everyday life requires us to analyze and interpret information on daily basis from various sometimes even contradictory in nature. I support your point that “theoretical lens depends more on the reader than the writer themselves”. It usually the reader who make interpretation of the text not the author. I think it would be worth to mention the way author can increase his chance of appealing to his audience by using general concepts of logos, pathos and ethos.

  23. Until reading this article I would always think of rhetorics as something bad , something that people would use to argue and fight each other, some sort of disrespectful and abusive speech. However, the author describes that rhetorics as actually very significant and beneficial thing . It refers to “a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas, making us better writers and thinkers”. In addition to his point author explains that rhetoric in modern world can be found anywhere , and rather its difficult to find a place that wouldn’t make suggestions of or persuasion to his audience. Embedded ads on social medias, furniture assembly manuals , tv shows, political campaigns and even court hearings are vivid examples of rhetoric use. Rhetoric analysis can find it subject matter everywhere. Rhetoric is used to convince intended audience to reflect a reaction to something that the writer intended . Pathos, logos, and ethos are the main features of appealing to audience . I didn’t know that before. Moreover, I learnt about micro- and macro-questions which can help shape my thesis. This relates to the questions we tried to answer for the synthesis letter assignment. I also found out how to create a thesis. Overall, such set of skills that we will learn in this assignment will help us better prepare for daily life in all possible scenarios of our life since it provides foundation for proper self-expression and analysis of expressions of others.

  24. In this part of the book, I saw more ways in which we use rhetoric in our everyday language. The three different ways of rhetoric are ethos, pathos, and logos. These ways help us further understand one another and give us more perspective on an individual’s life choices. I found it interesting how the reader explains our society has been using rhetoric since the 18th century. Back then people in society saw rhetoric as “dressing” on top of thought. Although the terms are different the strategies of rhetoric stayed constant. In my past writing, I have used pathos often as a strategy to engage with my audience on a personal level. I try to add universal thoughts and feelings so that my reader can grasp the meaning of my writing. After reading more about rhetoric, I now know I want to be more mindful and add ethos to my writing. Some ways I can go about this is by being more open about my influence and culture. I believe this will be a ripple effect to help me more with my self-identity.

  25. In my speech class, my teacher talked about rhetoric during our argument speech unit. She mentioned about ethos, logos, and pathos; however, we never went into depth about it, so the definitions of these words are still a blur in my mind. After reading the assigned pages, I learned increased my knowledge on the definition and purpose of these words. In addition, I also learned some new lenses for analyzing different texts. For instance, when reading a book, I never consider the exigence of a text. Usually I just read a text and just interpret the genre, but I never went into depth on my thinking. Learning about lenses like exigence or Kairos, I can have a better knowledge of the purpose of the text and can better picture the text in the time it was written. I also learned how to incorporate these lenses into my analysis. These lenses can help me better elaborate on the points I mentioned in my analysis. Besides lenses, the reading also helped me gain a better understanding on thesis. Thesis is something I always struggle with because I feel like I have a hard time writing a thesis because I don’t know how to write a simple, but wholesome thesis. By writing/thinking of the perfect question ahead of time can help me better plan my thesis statement.

  26. Based on my understanding of “rhetoric”, it’s like a literary element to make your writing seem more advanced. But after reading the article, I have a different understanding that this technique can help us to analyze an article and convey the idea to our audience. To persuade the audience to believe in our opinion, we should use logical reasons and evidence, engage and influence the audience’s feelings and emotions. In addition, the author should pay attention to a specific group of the audience when writing. We are not only expressing our point of view but also to change audiences’ point of view to achieve our goal to get what we want.

  27. The most important piece of information I learned from this reading was the concept of the rhetorics. I never understood the importance of this but I now know it projects a way of writing if you imagine your audience. I can use this in my future writings in order to write without the pressure of knowing my professor or a higher up is reading it. I believe I can write exponentially times better with the situation of my friends writing it. I tend to be calmer and make less mistakes, as well as the paper is more casual. This meaning it would be in my specific language expertise.

  28. From the reading I learned about the important use of rhetoric especially in argumentative essays, it helps better persuade the audience. Rhetoric is a method to help us better understand our own thoughts, ideas and help us improve to become better writers, through analyzing writings of others. There is no one definition of rhetoric since we use them in our everyday lives from sending text messages, to the meals we cook. The big three involve with rhetoric were the logos, which is the use of logic and reason to persuade the audience. Pathos which is use of emotional appeals and ethos which is credibility of the source whether refer to a person or text. These three are important tools when it comes to analyzing texts and help us understand what the author is trying to convey. I’ve always been a terrible writer when it comes to writing an argumentative essay, because the evidence I chose were not convincing enough and have not acknowledge the use of rhetorical devices. The important take away would be to analyze others first before starting out your claim, text analysis is really important.

  29. This reading helped me to truly understand the meaning of rhetoric and the general concepts students usually use in their writing . I never really paid mind to the meaning of rhetoric I just took it in as a general term often used in writing assignments . This helped me to understand how much more in depth it goes . An interesting quote stated by Aristotle in the text was that ,” let rhetoric be defined as an ability in each (particular )case , to see the available means of persuasion.” This was very important in highlighting that rhetoric had the ability to be quite flexible in depicting different things in writing . For example , ethos pathos and logos are different types of rhetoric that all reach the audience differently . Thus showcasing the flexible capabilities of rhetoric . This reminds me of how in school different topics in one class evoked different feelings in me . For example in science class whenever we would discuss the biology of any type of animal , it peaked my interest scientifically . But when we discussed things like murder in forensics it evoked more feeling in me because that made me ponder what goes on in the human mind in order to commit such actions . That’s what rhetoric does .

  30. From today’s reading, I learned about how to analyze different kinds of texts. Our author went our a few key terms such as Rhetoric. According to the author, “Rhetoric can be defined as the kinds of choices people make both to interpret and create forms of communication. Rhetoric is a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas, making us better writers and thinkers” (Graves, Corcoran, and Blankenship, pg 95). We can think rhetorically about anything (human-made). For example, we can call a billboard a text. Also, analyzing is different than having an opinion on something. In the book, it says, “Analysis is not the same thing as expressing an opinion. An opinion is ‘I like or dislike this.’ A rhetorical analysis is ‘I think it’s doing x, and here’s why I think that'” ( page 98). When we analyze a text we should ask ourselves: What does the author really want? What message is he/she trying to convey?” Mastering the skill to analyze something will help you to recognize the true message that the author is trying to convey to the audience. I also learned that we shouldn’t mix our summary and analysis. In the book, on page 108, it says ” Summary describes something (a book, film, or other text, or an event or sequence of events)…The analysis attempts to dig deeper and provide an interpretation of a text.”

  31. For todays reading I have learn about the important used of rhetoric and how rhetoric is used in our writing. According to the author he identify rhetoric, “In a radical way, Burke was zooming far outside the traditional definition of language as verbal and saying that any time we exchange symbols, we’re commu-nicating with a kind of “language.” And it’s in part the language exchange itself that makes the moment significant—utilizing symbols that form a method of cross-identification between speaker/writer and hearer/reader. That’s not as odd as it sounds, if you think about it. Two people can communicate with each other in many ways, and an emoji can say more than a thousand words.”(Graves, Corcoran, and Blankenship, pg 97) This means radical is something that is at the root of something, or something that changes, addresses or affects the major essence of something. In the reading their was quote that stands out to me, the author states, “Language is never neutral—everything is rhetorical. How rhetoric and lan-guage are used is determined by the culture and time we live in, our physical bod-ies in terms of our sex and gender, (dis)ability status, our cultural and ethnic iden-tifications, and many other factors. These factors also influence our own choices about how we “use” language for various purposes—and how language “uses” or forms us and our views.”(Graves, Corcoran, and Blankenship, pg 97) reading this quote had made realize how to used rhetoric and when we can used rhetoric in our writing.

  32. In today’s reading, I learned the importance of rhetoric and how its definition helps us apply it to our writing. “Rhetoric is an acquired competency, a manner of thinking that invents possibilities for persuasion, conviction, action, and judgments.” – Thomas B. Farrell (pg. 95) Simply defined, rhetoric is a way for us, whether it be writers or speakers, to get a point across to the audience. Through effective persuasion, we can convey a message or theme that is central to our argument, this makes the writing/speaking process rhetoric. One important lesson to take away from the reading is the difference between analysis and opinion. “Analysis is not the same thing as expressing an opinion. An opinion is “I likeor dislike this.” A rhetorical analysis is “I think it’s doing x, and here’s why I think that.” Everything that was created with the intention of appealing to someone has a rhetoric, and you can do a “rhetorical analysis” of pretty much anything.” (pg98) In a rhetorical analysis we are able to share our own opinion while stating why and what our source outlines. We use details from the source to either back or counter an argument.

  33. In today’s reading, the author discusses the term “rhetorical analysis” as the identification of the process in which the author is convincing his audience. “You’ll analyze the specific rhetorical appeals and strategies the author/text uses and why the author might address an intended audience in this particular way.” This is important to express/communicate with your audience in a certain way, including cultural content in analysis. Rhetoric is a method of examining other authors’ writings and a method of developing our ideas.

    In fact, “rhetorical saturation” is in our everyday life. We can find it on dis-courses that we interpret every day such as text messages we send, instructions manuals, ads, etc.
    I also learned from the reading about Ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media. These are tools on how to become better thinkers while reading an article. These lenses are useful to interpret all types of texts.
    He continues to describe the definition of summary and analysis. In a few words, the summary describes something such as a book, film, or event. “A description of “What I did on my summer vacation,” where I simply state what I did in June, July, and August (I did X, then I did Y, then I did Z, and now I’m back at school) is another kind of summary”. Pg 108. Analysis interprets deeply a text; “what the text means; how it expresses that meaning; why the text is important; why it’s unique, unusual”. These examples can be questions we can ask ourselves that will help us write a summary and an analysis.

  34. In the reading, I learned how to write a proper rhetorical analysis and to have a meaning for what you write. As said in the text, “A rhetorical analysis involves identifying ways texts and writers attempt to persuade readers and audiences. This genre of writing asks you to identify the intended audience for the texts you’re analyzing and why this is important.”(p.g98) I would have to agree with the author because you need to get the reader involved so they can feel the connection and have the same experience. Rhetorical Analysis is very important for every writer because it lets the writer have better critical thinking which will help in the future. I can add this to my last assignment writing because it will help me become a better writer. For example, I can use it in my thesis to persuade the readers and have meaning to my writing.

  35. In todays reading I read about Rhetoric. What was really interesting to me is that it stated things that are said about it that aren’t true such as the assumptions that are taken in politics. That when the word appears an idea of the truth being covered pops up. I learned that it actually means to analyze writings and eventually your own through that knowledge of analyzing. For example it states, “[Rhetoric is] that discipline which studies all of the ways in which men [sic] may influence each other’s thinking and behavior through the strategic use of symbols.”(97). This shows how many strategies are involved in rhetoric such as logos, pathos and ethos. All of this relates to what we do in class because we have to make sure we pay close attention to our audience and implement some emotion in our writing and of course show that the pieces we use as evidence have credible authors.

  36. Rhetoric initially digs into the significance of manner of speaking, in that it is a significant ability to have to be a decent essayist. Rhetoric is essentially the decision someone makes to “decipher and make types of correspondence.” It is an extremely valuable expertise since it helps writers and journalists comprehend open decisions. It isn’t about influence essentially, however more worried about how to utilize specific words to deliver and conjure specific mentalities. The creator additionally specifies ethos, pathos, and logos as the main tools of rhetoric. Ethos is the credibility of the author, pathos is the use of emotions to persuade, and logos is the use of logic and reasoning. An examination dives further into what the motivation behind a text is and how the creator communicates this. I’m going to use rhetoric in my argumentative essay because I have to be persuasive, and these rhetoric devices are different ways to present them.

  37. While reading we learned about Rhetorical analysis which means that we have to convince the audience and that it should connect to the readers. The most important thing to writing is the audience and you need to provide a claim that is relevant. Rhetoric is very broad, and this allows them to have several connections with different audiences, it can also help make choices. When people hear these words they believe it’s something bad but it’s not. “Rhetorical analysis can find its subject matter anywhere.” This means that it can connect to anyone. The author also adds that we need to view our analysis from different lenses such as ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, constraints, exigence, and kairos. Lisa also states that the summary describes something while analysis is an interpretation of the text to get a deeper understanding. This is a really helpful understanding because I will be able to use this for my argumentative essay to elaborate on the evidence I will use.

  38. This reading explores the importance and meaning of rhetoric, which is extremely crucial if you are trying to persuade someone. I was exposed to rhetoric, specifically rhetorical analysis during my senior year at my high school, thus I possess some prior knowledge. Furthermore, the reading goes in depth about rhetorical analysis as well and defines the term as identifying ways or the writer’s attempts in persuading the intended audience and readers. You may or may not know it, but we are exposed to elements of rhetoric in our everyday lives. For example, if you are trying to convince your friends to do something, you will be saying things that will appeal to him. In other words, the terms, logos, pathos, and ethos, developed by Aristotle, is how all of us think, reason, and argue with each other. These 3 topics are vital in forming an outstanding and persuasive argument as I will be integrating them in to our current assignment which will be an argumentative piece.

  39. In this reading, I learned about rhetoric is everywhere, in page 99 the author says “rhetoric in this sense is not an extraordinary, dazzling speech, but rather the types of discourse that we compose and interpret everyday: the days in the subway, the text message we write, the messages that we take away from post on social media.” Due to rhetoric being everywhere, rhetorical analysis can be found anywhere, “from instruction manuals on how to build furniture, to embedded advertising in social media platform, to overt attempts of persuasion as something to be interpreted in light the apparent interaction that went into it creation.” This made me realize that learning how to rhetoric analysis can be helping not just in writing but in everyday life. It can empower me to look past the text and not fall for things like ads. I’m an impulsive buyer.

  40. “What we want to try and persuade you of in this brief introduction to analysis is that life will be much more interesting to you (and you’ll probably be more interesting to everyone you know and meet) if you learn to step back and think critically about how the rhetoric of texts of all kinds makes demands on you. It’s impossible not to be affected by texts, but we can learn to analyze them so that they have a bit less power over us.” Throughout the readings I learned the importance of analysis and everything to consider when you are analyzing like the “lenses” which are the way of seeing and identifying how the author is trying to persuade you. It’s necessary to identify the strategies the author is using to try to persuade the reader so you can either agree or disagree in an effective, thoughtful way. But it also helps you to develop your own lenses. Everything I learned in the readings is necessary for life because it’s a very important skill that I believe not all humans are able to develop. Being a critical thinker takes time, realizing everything that should be considered when analyzing is something that makes us unique from people that can’t do it. I feel like rhetorical analysis prevents us from making wrong decisions because we are literally thinking about everything that could go wrong depending on our opinion. “Regardless of your political views, it’s hard to argue with a straight face that rhetoric isn’t incredibly powerful. It shapes (not just reflects) how we view the world.” I agree with the author that rhetoric is an incredible power, being able to analyze deeply will make us see the world differently. People will be able to identify that skill from the people who develop it and will be impressed and say “ How did you process that information so fast and how did you get those insightful arguments”.

  41. At the beginning, I just simply think rhetoric is a kind of writing technique, but after reading the textbook I have a more specific understanding about the rhetoric, like what it explains, “Rhetoric, in a broad stroke, can be defined as the kinds of choices people make both to interpret and create forms of communication.”(pg. 95) Which means, rhetoric help us in both aspect of analyzing and writing, we can better analyze and understand other people’s writing and ideas, or make our own writings clearer for other people’s understanding. Also, the textbook teaches us about the rhetorical conventions, “You can think rhetorically about any kind of human-made thing with careful attention to the role of rhetorical conventions such as style, tropes, genre, audience and purpose.”(pg. 97) It provides me some start points when I’m trying to analyze other people’s articles, such as what is author’s purpose; what the author’s writing makes me think of; is there any “tools or lenses” like logos, pathos and ethos help me better think about it. Moreover, the most important thing is that I have no more confusion about the difference of summary and analysis after reading the textbook. In page 108 of the textbook, it gives me an example of watching the content of film to help me better understand the difference between summary and analysis, “The summary paragraph just tells what happens in the film: this happened, and then this happened, and then that happened…The analysis paragraph identify rhetorical devices like allegories, metaphors, and character trajectories.”(pg. 110)

  42. One thing that I learned after reading pages 93-119, is the difference between summary and analysis. I will always get confused with summary and analysis because we often ask to write about them at the same time when we have an essay due in high school English class. So the idea of summary and analysis is not that clear. But now I know that a summary is a brief explanation of what the passage is about. But analysis is a deeper interpretation of something like what is the author’s purpose? What’s something that the audience of this passage can take away? Just anything that you want to discuss then the summary of the passage. This can apply to other classes a lot because we will be asked to do a lot of reading assignments, so we will also be asked to write summaries and analyses a lot. So this passage gives me a better understanding of what is the difference between summary and analysis, so we can do better in other classes as well.

  43. I learned the importance of rhetoric in an argumentative paper. Rhetoric is a way of analysing and interpreting others’ text. Studying rhetoric is important because it’s a way of being a good writer, critical thinker and skillful communicator. Rhetoric helps us understand why others made this decision and how others persuade and convince the audience to believe in their idea or products. Identifying the audience is also important because every product or idea has an audience. For example, when you’re buying a product, the product has a particular audience and your product is designed to appeal to this particular audience. I also learned about the important lenses, ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, constraints , exigence and kairos. Ethos is a way writers persuade audiences to believe in their ideas. Pathos is a way writers use emotion to persuade the audience. Lagos is a way writers use facts and logic to persuade the audience. I think these three lenses will be very important and will help me a lot in my argumentative essay because it will make the audience believe in my point of view by providing them with a lot of useful information.

  44. After I read page 93-119, it reminds me of what I have studied in high school: logos, pathos, and ethos. These are the three form rhetoric. There are several are also important, which is audience, purpose, genre, media, constrains, kairos, and exigence. And I think rhetoric analysis is important for us to goes deeper into author’s mind and know what he/she trie to tell. It is not like normal analysis that should not include self opinions but to write the ideas of the text in a critical way. Furthermore, I understood the difference between summary and analysis, which the summary is to describe something in the book and analysis is to explain the deep meaning of the text. I am so confused about the analysis before I read it and sometimes will mixed up the ideas. So I think those knowledge are very useful and will help me a lot in writing in the future.

  45. In today’s reading, the author introduces the concept of rhetoric, which expands my understanding from the class about the word “rhetoric.” According to the authors, “rhetoric is an acquired competency, a manner of thinking that invents possibilities for persuasion, conviction, and judgment.” Later moving on to introducing the rhetorical analysis and the “lenses” we can use for it. The author provides a lot of important theoretical lenses for analyzing different texts. For texts like nonfiction and fiction, we should use ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, constraints, exigence, and kairos. Most of the lenses I have learned and used before, but the concept of media, constraints, exigence and kairos lenses seem new to me. Other lenses like Gender studies, queer theory, critical race theory, intersectionality, Marxist theory, postcolonial theory, disability studies, ecocriticism, and posthumanism can be used alone or in combination as we “analyze or interpret texts of all kinds.” The author also depicts a picture titled “Black Lives Matter protest” as an example of the use of those lenses. The author also reviewed the difference between a summary and an analysis and wrote about the approaches and steps we can take in writing an analysis assignment. Last but not least, ending with reviewing the process we should take to create a thesis and noting we should keep in mind that writing an essay we should be relating the paragraph to the thesis.

  46. This reading discusses the writer’s rhetoric. Rhetoric is a writing technique used by the writer. Through my composing life experience, I’ve managed to learn that it is always essential to grab the viewer’s interest by utilizing ethos, logos, as well as pathos. These are basic appeals but can stretch very far if used correctly. Each of the following rhetorical appeals towards the audience in some kind of an unique manner, hooking them into making an agreement with the writer. This is extremely crucial to try and convince your readers with all these rhetorics because it has a major impact in gaining their support. As with the previous text, the author emphasizes the value of drafting a summary as well as analysis. An argumentative essay must be convincing in order to persuade readers to agree with you. By employing the following tools throughout your writing, you would therefore accomplish your objective of convincing them.

  47. In today’s reading, the author states about the concept of “rhetoric,” which means “rhetoric is a learned skill, a way of thinking that creates opportunities for conviction, judgment, and persuasion.” This meaning made me enlarge the meaning that I used to have about rhetoric. Introducing rhetorical analysis and the “lenses” we can employ for it will come later. Numerous crucial theoretical lenses for understanding various texts are provided by the author. We should apply ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, limits, exigence, and kairos to writings like nonfiction and fiction. We may “analyze or interpret texts of all types” using a variety of other lenses, including gender studies, queer theory, critical race theory, intersectionality, Marxist theory, postcolonial theory, disability studies, ecocriticism, and posthumanism. Additionally, the author discussed the distinction between a summary and an analysis, as well as the methods and procedures we might use to write an analysis assignment. Not least, we should examine the steps we should follow to develop a thesis and remember that when writing an essay, we should be connecting each paragraph to the thesis.

  48. After reading I learn rhetoric analysis is important for the argumentative essay. My perception of rhetoric is to understand a sentence or a paragraph in your own words. Everyone’s understanding may be different, there is no right or wrong, only ideas. This is important for argumentative papers because you need to analyze the source you are looking for before you can put it in your paper. Also, we need to write about who the audience is and what the purpose is. This can help you think when writing the analysis. Analysis and summary are different, summary is like putting everything together or to sum, and analysis is your one thoughts about the information. Also, we need to put our claim or thesis in the first paragraph, so the reader knows what you argue about, and your main idea. In addition, there are some steps we can take as we analyze the information. We can identify each word, each sentence, and everything. Next, ask yourself what you think about these things, and the third step is ask yourself why it is important. Also, you can ask yourself if these things can answer your claim. I think those are important steps that you should do because it will make it easier when you start writing the paper.

  49. Through the reading of pages 93 to 119, I learned about what a “rhetorical analysis” is when you shape your own thoughts, ideas and make yourself into a better writer and thinker, and also by using lenses. After the reading I also learned about the importance of ethos, pathos, logos, audience, purpose, genre, media, and etc. They all have their purpose in writing, and we should use them in writing. Moreover, I also learned the difference between summary and analysis, which I think most students plus me alway get confused and mix them up, and we should remember the methods and procedures since we will have to write summary and analysis a lot not just in class but also in the future, and summary and analysis will be ask by teacher, and boss a lot. This reading helped me understand a lot of the important skills and things we should include in writing, and how to grab audiences and tell the audience what’s the purpose of the writing.

  50. Before I went in depth into today’s reading, I didn’t think that the word rhetoric could be much more than I expected. The author clarifies specifically what rhetoric means and how it is applied in writing. It was defined as the “method of analyzing the writing of others and shaping our own thoughts and ideas” (95). Rhetoric can oftentimes be viewed as a “form of deception” that sort of keeps the truth hidden (95) because the persuasion can draw you away from something. To my understanding, rather than being intentionally used, rhetoric is actually being used in daily life because it is about the way you communicate, but people pay less attention to them than in written text. There are lenses and tools to help keep in mind when analyzing texts, such as the ethos, pathos, logos, audience, genre, media, constraints, and etc.

    I once again learned about the difference between summary and analysis. I am surprised that there is also something in between summary and analysis, called the hybrid summary and analysis. The examples provided in the text are really helpful for me to visually see the differences, and it was not until now that most of the times I am doing hybrid. Such learning seems to be a never-ending process for me, but I’m sure that practice takes time, and time will tell. The idea of rhetoric still somewhat sounds complicated to me, but I am sure that by practicing them in class and the next assignment will push me to ace this skill.

  51. This reading was very helpful and full of new information for me. I think rhetorical analysis is the best tool for writing progress I think and after reading these pages now I understand how can we create a strong argument by analyzing texts and readings. We should look at analyzing just summarizing the text but studying what the author is really trying to say and making a point about it. When we analyze we start having our own opinions about the text and that’s how we create the argument by agreeing or disagreeing with the author’s point. Reading the same theme from different perspectives is the best tool to challenge our thought. Challenging our thoughts is not to make things difficult for us but make us critical thinkers. For that reason, we would become strong-minded and stays in one opinion (of course it can change over time if we start not believing in that opinion). To make a strong argument we will need the evidence which supports your argument.

  52. Previously, before reading this, I did not know what rhetoric is and how it is used, but after reading it, I learned what it is, what it affects and how it is applied. The main thing that I understood is that this is a very important element in the writing, because our diction can cause a certain attitude among our readers regarding our letter. This way of rhetoric is called ethos, logos and pathos, and thanks to them we can communicate with our audience, which is also a key element of our story. The skill of persuasion is actually a very difficult skill to achieve, because without the right approach and choice of words, you won’t succeed and your audience will have the wrong opinion about you, which in the future and future career can be a bad consequence, so I’m glad that I found out about rhetoric in more detail and I will definitely use it in future works and even public speaking.

  53. Analysis, a fairly easy term to understand and almost everyone knows what it is. How many know about rhetoric analysis? I did not and this text helped me understand the importance of it in writing and also in real life. in the text, it is mentioned, rhetorical analysis is the act of identifying how writers attempt to persuade readers and audiences. now that I think about it, this whole thing makes a lot of sense. often times, when we read a book, it leaves a mark on us, or in other words, we feel different emotions such as inspiration, fear, or even happiness, and that is where genre comes in. different genres serve different types of feelings amongst the reader or audience. It is quite frequently used not only in writing but in advertisements too. the marketing departments of different firms do elaborated research and come up with persuasive marketing strategies to attract more customers.

  54. I learned the basic rhetoric meaning and how we use rhetoric by reading the pages. I learned that rhetoric, not just a way for people to hide what they want to say. Rhetoric can be used to shape other people’s attitudes towards an issue. you want to use rhetoric in the first place you have to understand the minds of the people you’re saying I’m trying to communicate with. In the reading they also showed how to write an analysis. The examples explained and given in the following paragraph. I think this is very useful for me because I did a really bad job on my last analysis assignment. I get confused about how to write an analysis. It is particularly important to learn rhetoric because it can quickly help us identify what is his subjective thought in an article, which will be of great help for us to read the literature in the future.

  55. Through the reading, I learned what Rhetoric is (a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas) and how to use it as a tool to improve both my thinking and writing. It’s amazing to think how people (including me before I read about it) know so little about rhetoric and its definition when in our everyday lives rhetoric surrounds us everywhere. Every article, every movie, every newspaper, and everything that we read, watch, or listen to makes an argument, that is discoverable only through rhetoric, and once you build the skill of detecting these arguments and motives (the skill of rhetoric) you’ve built the skill of analysis. The text also continues by distinguishing the difference between analysis, which in simple terms is the examination of something or someone in order to have a deeper understanding of their motives, the argument they make, how they’re structured, and much more, and summary, which simply is the overview of something and the main points put together on your own words.

  56. The reading was split into three major parts. The first section discussed what rhetoric is, where it is found, and the importance. Rhetoric could be a form of persuasion, but not necessarily. It is primarily used to express a key idea to the audience in a form that is favorable towards them. Rhetoric is found everywhere because everything is made with a goal in mind. This is in relation to how biases are inherently present. To better communicate their thoughts, authors’ rhetoric may include one or more of Aristotle’s topics which are ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic). The second portion highlighted the use and importance of analysis on rhetoric. An analysis not only focuses on the what, but also the why. It explains the purpose of the medium being discussed, but in addition to the audience’s interpretation. There could be many interpretations because of the different lenses used to analyze a text. The last segment of the text referred to developing a thesis. The thesis must be clear and identifiable to show what your stance on your topic is.

  57. Through this reading, I have gained a deeper understanding of rhetoric. Rhetoric is defined as the art of persuading effectively through various forms of expression, such as artwork or writing. Employing rhetorical techniques can wield significant influence over readers, compelling them to embrace the ideas being presented, which proves invaluable when conveying a particular message. I had prior knowledge that authors and content creators employ strategies like pathos, logos, and ethos to sway their audience. However, it’s crucial to use these techniques effectively for them to yield the desired impact.
    My personal connection to rhetoric stems from an online purchase I made, driven by the persuasive language used to describe a specific product. I recognize that pathos, logos, and ethos represent distinct avenues for influencing readers by appealing to their emotions, presenting facts, and establishing credibility.
    The insights gained from this study on rhetoric are applicable to our classroom environment, especially in the context of my upcoming argumentative essay. I will utilize rhetoric, particularly focusing on logos, pathos, and ethos, to convince my readers to endorse my viewpoint.

  58. From this article(95 page), I learned that rhetoric is the art and study of communication, encompassing the choices people make to interpret and create various forms of communication. It involves analyzing the writing and communication of others while shaping our own thoughts and ideas, making us better communicators and thinkers. Rhetoric can be applied to a wide range of actions, gestures, signs, symbols, behaviors, and representations. It’s not just about persuasion but also about understanding how people use language and other sign systems to express themselves and make sense of the world.

    The article highlights the misconception that rhetoric is often associated with deception and manipulation, but the class aims to emphasize that rhetoric is an essential part of everyday communication rather than always being a form of trickery. Additionally, the historical roots of rhetoric trace back to ancient Greece, with figures like Plato and Aristotle contributing to its development. Aristotle’s concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos are key elements in the study of rhetoric, focusing on logic and reason, emotional appeals, and the character and influence of a communicator.

    In modern times, I believe that making unilateral decisions based solely on authority or relationships has become more challenging, and there is a growing need to address the diverse rights of various people that were previously overlooked. As a result, the importance of communication in our daily lives has increased. Therefore, this method can be applied in various situations. The act of conveying information has always been meaningful in my past experiences when sharing something with someone. The word “rhetoric” was unfamiliar to me until now, so it is something new and valuable for my college life and future. Especially when working in the future, the ability to communicate based on my opinions is a crucial skill. I will incorporate rhetoric into various forms of writing to learn this skill quickly.

  59. From the reading, I learned that rhetoric plays a crucial role in effective writing. Rhetoric is not just about persuasive techniques but encompasses the art of using language effectively to communicate ideas, engage the audience, and create a compelling narrative. In my personal experience, I can relate to the author’s statement about the importance of using rhetoric in writing. When I was working on a narrative essay in my writing class, I initially focused solely on presenting my story. However, I noticed that my essay lacked the emotional connection needed to engage the readers. I decided to incorporate and explain more about my feelings in all those personal anecdotes to connect with the audience better. What I’ve learned about rhetoric is highly relevant to our class because it enhances my writing skills. It can be applied in other classes when writing essays or reports. Also, in my future job, it will be essential, especially when writing reports to clients or manager directors, since that is one of the main responsibilities in the finance industry.

  60. Through reading pages 93 to 113, I learned the term rhetoric. Rhetoric is analyzing other people’s writing and interpreting them into our thoughts. Rhetoric is not only a persuasive technique but also a way to communicate with people. Rhetoric can range from propaganda to doodles that are drawn hasty.
    In addition, I learned the three terms: logos, pathos, and ethos. These are terms I have previously encountered during Philosophy club, but I have never learned the definition and application of these terms. These three principles play a significant role when examining written works because they help the reader understand what the author is trying to convey and which angle they are arguing at. Learning about these three terms, I understand how I can now base my future arguments around logic, emotional appeal, and appealing to the reader’s ethics, which I can use in my future to win in arguments against other people.

  61. In this reading, I learned about the difference between a summary and a rhetorical analysis. The difference is a summary of what the article means, and an analysis is needed to explain the reason behind the article or the influence on the audience. It is essential to understand the difference to effectively analyze or argue a topic. On page 114, discuss how questions are a good way of organizing your arguments/writing and expressing your thesis throughout your writing instead of doing it in a sentence. Therefore, the questions should be specific, interesting, and relatable to your topic. On page 18, it states “The thesis remains the most important aspect of your essay”. Lastly, I agree with this statement because sometimes I, as a writer forget about what I am talking about or give my opinion too much. However, in the argument assignment, I want to ensure my thesis is shown clearly throughout my writing.

  62. Although the reading discusses many significant aspects of the term rhetoric, we must comprehend both the term’s definition and its intended use in order to fully comprehend this concept. Because of how the media defines it, most people equate the word “rhetoric” with something negative, humiliating, or connected to politics. Reading the book gave me a more broad idea of the term rhetoric. “Rhetoric, in a broad stroke, can be defined as the kinds of choices people make both to interpret and create forms of communication.”(pg. 95) In other words, rhetoric aids in both writing and analysis. It enables us to more fully comprehend and evaluate the ideas and writing of others, as well as to clarify our own writing for the benefit of others.

  63. The claim or argument of your piece should be able to grasp the reader’s attention. The ability to come up with a claim that leaves the impact that you intend to show is essential and shows potential in one’s character. An impactful claim followed by a synchronized body shows characteristics of good writing skills, critical thinking, and communication skills. The way you communicate would affect the way the reader views your argument. Rhetoric discipline in your writing will prove to be factors influential to the way a person can react to your writing piece. Rhetoric reflects the way a group or culture chooses to communicate. For example language is used as a way of expression, this form of writing with various languages, literacy and discourse can influence readers to support your claim. Without a clear format or claim readers will begin to observe your document based on what you display connecting evidence and analysis, but to make it easier for the reader it is important that we incorporate strong claims, evidence and analysis.

  64. After reading pages 93-119, I learned about what a rhetorical analysis is, the foundations and structures of the writing style, and how it is used by writers. Most people think that that the word “rhetorical” usually means with persuading but it is not entirely true. I learned that “rhetorical” doesn’t really have a meaning because it used in so many ways. In today’s world, many people think that rhetoric is a from of trickery or propaganda but it is not true, and instead is actually an essential way in which humans communicate. According to greek philosophers, rhetoric was influenced by topi which is essentially how and why we think or reason and how we respond to things. This was broken down into three factors which are called logos, pathos, and ethos. Learning all this, I now understand how rhetorical can be used to enhance my writing abilities and understanding of writing so that I can develop stronger critical thinking skills. Being rhetoric in my future writing will help me communicate better with my audience because it allows me to shape my thoughts and emotions so that a reader can have a better understanding. As well explaining why I think a certain way and how it is important to understand what I am trying to explain to a reader in my work.. It also influences my language in writing and teaches me new ways of communicating with my audience and teaches us there is various purposes of how language can be used.

  65. After I finished reading, I learned that the word rhetoric roughly means persuasive speech. For example, a politician uses a tragic rhetorical device to share an event in a speech, which makes the politician want to persuade and influence the audience through effective communication. Simply put, it is to attract the emotions and values ​​​​of the audience through persuasive techniques. There are three different types of rhetoric such as logos, pathos and ethos. Logos is the use of logic and reason to persuade an audience. Pathos is to use emotions to persuade the audience, which is what I mentioned in the example. Ethos is established through credibility or public recognition. I think reading these the main point is to make us more convincing in supporting our opinions in the argument essay.

  66. Through this learning, I learned what rhetoric is. Rhetoric is a method that makes us a better writer through analyzing other writings and shaping it with our own thoughts and ideas. By analyzing multiple texts and different points of views allows a reader to analyze and create a better understanding of the text. When someone talks about rhetorics, we often think about a trickery or deception, but rhetoric is also a form of communication between each other. Analysis and opinion are also two different things. Opinions are extremely direct, but an analysis consists of the how and whys. There are many lenses to an analysis and one is theories. Theories focus on analyzing effects the text has on the readers. There are other lenses that help analyze the text like gender studies, Marxist theory, ecocriticism and etc. Each lens can help with different types of analyses. There is also a different between summarization and an analysis. Summaries only tells what happens or the author’s words from a source while analyses allow for interpretations of the text in your own words.

  67. After completing this reading, I learned about what rhetoric was and how it can be used in our writing. Rhetoric is shown to be used through communication and formulating the ways the people interpret these communications. It’s common to associate rhetoric with a negative reputation, but the thing is that people don’t fully understand what this means when it pertains to most writing. I also learned about artifacts and texts. The impact that rhetoric has on both of these is crucial because it exemplifies the different types of rhetoric that popular in writing. The importance of rhetorical analysis is that is shows the importance in which it is shown to promote a change in behavior. There is a section of the reading that discusses analysis vs. summary. Based on our most recent assignment, this section highlights the key differences when using these styles of writing. Both are important, but being able to understand how to use them in different ways is crucial. Lastly, the lenses spoken about in the reading highlight the importance of understanding that despite what might be the intended message of a piece of writing, the lens in which the reader uses while reading, can change drastically depending on the person.

  68. The reading explains the rhetoric in the art of crafting written compositions. It talks about a quote by Aristotle, “Rhetoric can be defined as the skill to discern the persuasive tools available in each specific case. ” This quote brought to mind my experiences when learning in my AP English class. A significant experience where my teacher had introduced me to the concepts like logos, pathos, and this. My teacher also described how those concepts have to be applied in the writing.

    I now understand that these principles are what guides the audience into understanding the writing at a deeper value. These elements play a vital role in shaping the language, tone, and ideas we employ in our writing to present our arguments and demonstrate the significance of our beliefs. Rhetoric is something that makes our lives interesting and something that is capable of drawing attention to important issues. The reading’s example of NFL protests illustrates the different viewpoints about how some people might take it as a disrespect while on the other hand some people take it as a positive protest towards a universal issue.

  69. This reading introduced the term rhetoric and the meaning behind it. In writing, rhetoric can be used to persuade readers. Rhetoric helps us become better writers because it is a method of analyzing other’s writings and creating our own thoughts off of them. However, through the reading, it is revealed that rhetoric isn’t used in just writing. Rhetoric is used in our everyday lives, as it can range from deception to meals we cook with our families (page 96). Another section of the reading was about the difference between summary and analysis. I learned that there are different lenses for analyzing text, with include “ethos”, “pathos”, and “logos”. I have come across these terms before in my previous classes, but have not gone in depth with them. Learning this, I can apply this to my writings and I believe that using these different lenses will bring an improvement to my analysis.

  70. As I begin to finalize my thoughts about the main topics discussed in this reading, it heavily emphasizes the term “rhetoric”. Simply put, It’s essentially the art of using language to influence individuals effectively. It utilizes communication techniques to make your point more appealing to your audience. The author gave an introduction to rhetorical appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos. Each has its unique characteristics in persuading someone through either the use of logical reasoning, appealing to emotions or feelings towards the audience, or establishing the credibility and trustworthiness of the speaker. These vocabularies should be kept in mind when it comes to analyzing texts. Furthermore, the author focuses on two types of questions, macro, and micro. Macro questions are the big-picture questions that need to be answered within your essays. Micro questions are ideally little questions that would aid in the development of your macro questions. You would use all these writing technical skills in the construction of your essay, as they provide a great deal of persuasion to your reader; especially into the progression of our argumentative essay which I believe these tools would aid significantly in.

  71. The reading mentions many great examples of rhetoric why is it used how it’s used as well as how it helps us in our writing. Rhetoric is thenmethod of analysing anothers writing. Before reading I wasn’t to sure what rhetoric meant ive heard about it but never payed much attention to it and why people used it. The reading also explained the patho,logo and ethos which ive heard of before but honestly I really never understood the meaning behind them well in the reading they gave a brief summary of what each meant they are different ways that you can connect with your readers which is going to be helpful to preusde your reader while your writing your paper. The reading also mentions the summary and analysis which was we used in our last assignment and they mentioned the impotances of them. An argumentative essay needs to be persuasive so then your audience can stand with your opinion the goal is to persuading them with correct information and make sure us th writer we know what we are talking about.

  72. Today, I’ve gained insights on the significance of rhetoric and how understanding its intricacies empowers us to apply our own thinking. Pg. 95 defines rhetoric as “an acquired skill, a mode of thinking that generates opportunities for persuasion, conviction, action and judgment.” Through persuasion, we can bring out a central message that supports our argument, giving our writing more rhetoric.

  73. After reading these pages, I learned that there are many ways to implement rhetoric, in many fields. I had known what ethos, pathos, and logos were from high school and I had a good idea of what it was but it was interesting to see how it could be creatively used. It was also interesting to see how many types of lenses people could analyze through. Whether it is economical, or historical, or ethnic, or philosophical, there are lots of different ways that information could be perceived and processed. Also, taking into account the audience or purpose of a piece of writing allows a reader to get the message that the author carefully curates using rhetoric. It is extremely useful to use in writing so your writing is clear and meaningful.

  74. This reading discussed numerous aspects of writing, emphasizing the analysis in particular, which correlates to our previous and upcoming assignment. Rhetoric is mentioned, and it is basically the way the author is writing. Rhetoric is essential in order to achieve a goal. Utilizing ethos, logos, and pathos enable for the reader to be convinced by the author. It’s necessary for the argumentative essay to be persuasive in order for your perspective to be understood.

  75. I feel like I think about rhetoric a lot because I am quite a debater. It seems manipulative, but it is not always a bad thing and is often used to explain something that could very well be true, as this text explains. When I am arguing with someone, or writing an argumentative essay, the question always is, and should be, ‘how do I get them to believe me?’ The guidelines of rhetoric really should be used as that; a guide. Use logos to prove your point to your audience, use ethos to give it credibility in some capacity, and use pathos to make your audience emotionally invested (and more easily swayed to your side). When I argue with people about capitalism, for example, and bring up homelessness stats, there are so many heartless retorts and indifference. However, if I talk about childhood homelessness, perhaps a detailed story about a particular homeless child, it is easier to care- or rather, harder to debate. This skill set relates to literally everything ever, because in my opinion you cannot get anywhere without the ability to hold your ground and get people to both listen to you, believe in you, and therefore respect you.

  76. Section 4 of this text explores the importance of rhetoric as a crucial skill for good writing. Rhetoric involves making choices to interpret and create communication forms, focusing on using different words to produce and invoke specific attitudes. That’s why it is important to identify your audience and the type of paper you’re writing. The author discusses different rhetorical methods, such as logos, pathos, and ethos, developed by Aristotle. This chapter also discusses different analysis lenses and emphasizes the importance of being able to identify when to use different rhetorical devices. In my junior year AP English Language class, my teacher informed us of the strengths and weaknesses of each rhetorical device and their applications. For instance, an author might use logos rather than pathos in an academic research paper because logic and evidence are what writers need to rely on, not feelings from the reader. Pathos is used by scholarly scholars, however, it’s not as prevalent in the setting of a research report.

  77. The main takeaway I got from this section of the reading is that rhetoric essentially means the choice of words the author uses in order to communicate with their audience. It is also how authors basically persuade their opinion or side to the audience. I thought it was interesting that in the reading the writer says that the things you come across kind of pressure into analyzing or interpreting it in a certain way. The author says it will be more interesting if you analyze anything even texts and it kind of makes you feel you have more power than that thing. I feel like what the author means is that it kind is part of human nature for us to analyze everything we come across and if we analyze texts the same way we might understand them better(referring to p.101). The reason we have to analyze these texts is so we gain new perspectives this specifically applies for rhetorical texts where the author can be a bit persuasive. When understanding the authors point of view you understand their thinking and who they are trying to convince. These writers often use ethos, pathos, or logos. This section of the reading helped me understand how to analyze texts, I remember in most of my writing when I was writing my analysis it was not a strong analysis since I would often just summarize or re-phrase it. In the previous essay I would basically summarize the text instead of actually analyzing it and using these methods described in the reading .

  78. People needs to be aware of rhetoric. Rhetoric could be used for good and for the bad too. Someone who has skills with rhetoric can describe a situation not as serious as it is. People might not noticed because they are not aware of the rhetoric. The skill could be used for manipulation, as well for just to avoid insignificant or larger arguments. Overall the textbook is incredible helpful to learn new terms and skills, however once things are discussed and I get to hear Professor Belmihoub with explanations and examples, it is easier for me to get to understand. Identifying rhetoric will be useful in the school, work place, home, and some other places or situations. I believe that is highly relevant to be aware of rhetoric when selecting for a president or other politician. If we give more attention to their speeches, discussions, debate, etc; there are some possibilities of rhetoric. They might want to cover something up, make something unnoticeable, or not want people to go crazy with an information. If this is identified for being used in bad beneficial way, the people shouldn’t vote for the candidate that is doing it. It is great for people to practice to get the skills of identifying and using rhetoric. A rhetoric analysis is providing thoughts of why the author has the idea they have and a back up of your argument. In order to analyze a text, there is the need of developing the skills of identifying rhetoric.

  79. This section analyzes the term ‘rhetoric’ and its connection to analysis. Rhetoric essentially involves using your writing to persuade, influence, communicate, and express ideas. This is something that many people unwittingly employ, and some even use it to manipulate others, such as politicians. Understanding rhetoric can improve your writing, both directly and indirectly. Understanding how to apply rhetoric in your writing can enhance your ability to persuade your audience. From an indirect standpoint, it can help you understand another author’s writing, thereby improving the quality of your information, especially in contexts like research questions. This is where rhetoric connects with analysis. When conducting an analysis through the lens of rhetoric, you examine the audience, tone, language, and what the author intended their audience to believe. Ultimately, rhetoric is a tool that can be used to make analysis and writing more effective.

  80. Graves, Corcoran, and Blankenship go over the idea of rhetoric, the analysis of how we converse. I see a lot of ideas that I recognize: logos, pathos, ethos, and analysis. A highlight from this section is how Burke describes how to persuade someone. His method of persuasion is by presenting your idea in a way that the other person would like, leading them to accept your idea. I have done this a lot myself when I try to show someone my perspective. I don’t really have an easy time getting my ideas out so I have to use a lot of tricks to do so. I usually form it in a way that the other person recognizes and uses.

    Hengel and Blankenship, Graves, & Eickmeyer points go hand in hand. Blankenship, Graves, & Eickmeyer talk about analysis, what it means, and how to do it. Hengel goes into how to make an argument with all the information you have gathered. Hengel specifically states how you can use your analysis to make an argument.

  81. What I learned was that rhetoric can be used for communication purposes like how people make choices in their communication and how they interpret others. it involves analyzing the choices made in writing and other forms of expression and the analysis helps us become better writers and thinkers.
    The text notes that while college English courses are relatively new in the US, rhetoric has a longer history, especially in Europe. This emphasizes how rhetoric studies have changed and developed throughout time. This chapter provides insight into the variety and importance of rhetoric as a communication analysis technique, its relevance in the classroom, and its capacity to improve our comprehension of purposeful communication in all of its forms.
    Rhetoric is used in my daily life when it comes to communicating and expressing my thoughts and feelings and we use rhetoric to convey our messages to the audience.

  82. After reading pages 189-209 I learned new information and was the five categories of claims that included claims of definition, cause and value and policy. They also mention academic intergity which being honest and having fair behavior towards your writing and it shows the reader that you stand behind what you say as well as that you respect the the point of views of others. The concept is important because in todays world its very easy to manipulate and plagerize so many words have lost their meanings behind them. Its important to cite sources correctly because its very easy to plagrize. The author also demotries the differences between high school and college essays it surprised me the big of a difference the high school essay are used to using examples to support one idea which is very general compared to college there is like many small arguments. With this writing it will help me improve my next writing assignment. This helps me think about my topic and actually understand what I am researching.

  83. At its core, rhetoric is the art of using language to persuade, influence, and effectively communicate ideas. Many people use it without realizing it, and others, like politicians, are skilled manipulators. Understanding a bit about rhetoric can increase the overall level and impact of your writing, in a lot of ways.
    In simple terms, grasping rhetoric helps you skillfully apply persuasive techniques in your writing, making it more likely to impact your audience. On a more subtle note, it’s like a technique for deciphering what another writer is really getting at, especially when you’re dealing with research questions. This is where rhetoric and analysis can become linked. When you’re analyzing with a dash of rhetoric know-how, you’re looking at things like who the audience is, the tone of the writing, and what the author is trying to make their readers believe. In short, rhetoric is a super useful tool that makes both analyzing and writing way more effective.

  84. From the reading, I have learned that it is vital for us to research our evidence from various sources, as it makes our evidence more credible. This will allow our writing to carry more significance for the reader because they will know that the writing originates from a credible source. However, the main difference is that you can’t simply have an abundance of sources. Nowadays, many sources are not credible, and they may provide false information. It is best to obtain your evidence from .Edu, .Gov sources, or others of similar reliability. This will also provide you with a higher quality of evidence, as the information in these sources tends to be more reliable. I recall a time when I had to undertake a lengthy research project. Fortunately, in the early stages of the project, my teacher realized that my sources were not the most credible. I then learned what types of sources to use. The difference between my first and second drafts was instrumental. From that point on, I have consistently put forth my best effort to find credible sources.

  85. After reading the article, I learned more about researching in professional papers. Graves (2024) states that research “provides credibility for our claims” (Graves, 2024, pg. 141). I personally agree with Graves as researching provides data that backs up our claims, giving our arguments more credibility to the readers. Libertz (2024) also mentions that normal search engines are not suitable for research due to their profit-driven nature, and therefore students and researchers should use “Google Scholar… [and] search engines that are free for college students through the college library but not free for the general public” (Libertz, 2024, pg. 147). Relating this to my experience conducting research for my Analysis paper, Google Scholar was a great help in terms of finding trusted academic sources, and I wholeheartedly agree with Libertz. Lastly, I learned more about the appropriate length of paraphrases, as Libertz (2024) encourages writers to consider “where [they] are paraphrasing and quoting… [making] sure [their] own voice is not lost” (Libertz, 2024, pg. 158). I learned that the length of the paraphrase is not necessarily dependent on the actual word count, but rather the placement and context of the paraphrase, as communicating your own point across is the most important aspect.

  86. In the textbook “First Year Writing at Baruch,” the article discusses the importance of research as well as the weight of credibility that goes with it. As Graves, Corcoran, and Belmihoub (2024) discussed the research process, I came to concur with the ideas that were presented. One of which was how “research aims to defamiliarize things and to see them from a whole new perspective” (p. 145). In questioning the world and the “facts” there were already made about an idea, to see them through a new lens suggests a whole new plethora of answers and truths. The authors also brought up the point that “research…isn’t so much a collection of facts that prove your case but rather a type of exploration” (p. 145). From my personal experience, I have come across many video essays or videos in general on YouTube that piqued my interest, one of which was Nick Crowley’s exploration into animal rescue channels. Initially, I enjoyed watching them because the videos displayed the good in humanity and was meant to spread awareness of animal cruelty that exists within and outside of the United States. However, in watching the video that Crowley presented to us through his own research and curiosity, he found a disturbing truth behind them. They were fake and the people behind the channel staged recuses as means of earning money, which I would have been unaware of had Crowley not been curious about the validity of the videos. Research then is not only a type of exploration but a reflection of the human mind that sees something wrong and wishes to dive deeper into the meaning behind it. Moving on to how to determine if a source is credible, Libertz offers approaches like lateral reading, and frame checking. Through these approaches, one can avoid being influenced by false information, which would then help them make better judgements and claims about a topic.

  87. What surprised me most is how common rhetoric is in everyday life, from ads to conversations. The chapter also made it clear that while summaries just cover what a text says, analysis goes deeper by looking at the author’s purpose and how they get their message across. Learning to use different lenses, like ethos for nonfiction, has given me a better way to break down and understand what I read. Analysis is the process of investigating a piece of text and not just rewriting the plot

  88. After reading pages 141-159, “First Year Writing at Baruch,” brought to my attention the significance of research and understructure of validity on acquired knowledge. Through the topic of an exploration lens in the world to learn more about us, we discover that our voice expands further to what is already known. In the introduction, Graves (2024), expressed his views– “learning more about a topic expands your capacity for emotion. In this sense, research has the power to change us. It invites us to think and feel things about the world with ever-greater depth.” In my viewpoint, understanding information creates a pathway for us to be more interconnected with the world, harnessing a feeling of spirituality, because as we step into a realm of obscurity and scrutinize our surroundings, making our own statements, then deriving an answer, we gain an understanding of purpose by glimpsing through the eyes of multi-facet perspectives from the lives of other people as well as concepts. I like how this was elaborated through the process of inquiry, as Graves, Corcoran, and Belmihoub (2024) mentioned, “humans are naturally curious… And as adults, too, we continue to derive pleasure and value from discovery and exploration.” There was a video that I was watching about humans asking AI robots questions, and one of them was what the meaning of life was – to which the technology responded with how while there is some universal objective meaning in to our existence, but most of the meaning is what we create for ourselves and how we choose to interpret and experience it. This philosophical response was particularly insightful to me because this is an affirmation of doing research on my own life, with my own pursuit of wonder, and has helped me take a breather as I’m approaching the “20’s crisis” trying to navigate through adulthood. As for the credibility of the source, in my situation, it’s really just about personal life experiences and anecdotes. You live and you laugh, and you experience.

  89. Through reading pages 141-159 of “First Year Writing at Baruch,” I now gain a deeper insight into what research really stands for. Graves, Corcoran, and Belmihoub (2024) pointed out that research is something people do daily and often do not realize it; an interesting example of this is the New York City subway system. As New Yorkers experience subway delays all the time, it leads us to think about and question the system behind it, including the infrastructure and government of the city. Although it is subconscious, this is what is known as research: the curiosity about our surroundings and the process of searching for answers. Yet, as we seek answers, we might encounter obstacles, such as fake or heavily biased sources. Graves (2024) provided findings from a recent study at Stanford University, where only 9 percent of high school students in an AP history course and 7 percent of college students could identify non-credible sources. This raises significant concern, as we are often surrounded by fake news on social media in today’s society; lacking the ability to identify credible sources could severely damage our process of perceiving new information. Therefore, Libertz (2024) suggested the use of search engines solely for academic sources, like Google Scholar. This way, we can ensure that all the new information we acquire is credible. A personal experience of using Google Scholar for academic sources was when I worked on the analysis assignment. Through utilizing Google Scholar, I read unbiased articles about the impacts of sugar, supported by data and research, which allowed me to delve deeper into the study of sugar without worrying about the accuracy of information presented to me.

  90. After reading pages 141-159 in the textbook “First-Year Writing at Baruch,” I found ways to improve my writing, especially my argument essay. Unlike high school, research is questions that make you think deeper in the case in the book about what makes a movie worth watching. For example, some questions in the book are, “Have they seen anything that’s in theaters right now? What’s good?” (Graves, Corcoran, Belmihoub, 2024, p.144). Additionally finding information itself can be a hassle. With the Internet being available to almost everyone, finding the right information can be hard to obtain. According to Libtertz (2024), “ free websites like Google and Bing are motivated by profit generated from advertising” (p.146). Libtertz (2024) explains that free websites like Google and Bing use algorithms that generate search results that focus on advertising to the consumer for revenue. Lastly, Libertz (2024) explains the importance of direct quoting and paraphrasing. Libtertz (2024) says that “paraphrasing has the advantage of using your own words in the flow of your own writing” (p.154). The benefits of paraphrasing include helping you connect your thoughts with the author. However, it is important to not take paraphrasing out of context since you would be manipulating their words and you could be held liable. Libtertz (2024) says the quote is the use of the original writer’s own language (p.154). Quoting helps maintain the writer’s language and brings depth to what it is that they said.

  91. When I finished reading pages 141-159 I was able to gain information that would help me further my writing by aiding in researching for good information as good research can lead to good writing. “Credibillity contributes to the ethos of the person making the claim” (Graves, 2024, pg. 142). This is important as it shows that by not citing or giving credit for a source it makes it unethical which would make the writer’s credibility bad. Lateral reading – ​​evaluating the credibility of a source by comparing it with other sources- is a good method that writers use to improve the credibility of their writing. Furthermore, (Libertz, 2024) explains how google scholar can be used for academic articles as they have the more credible authors which allows for a more credible source to make your writing more credible. In addition, (Libtertz, 2024) also explains how paraphrasing is a great tool that allows you to carry the flow of your writing with your own word, but with the author of the source’s idea.

  92. The reading explores the art of rhetoric in crafting written compositions, referencing Aristotle’s insight that “Rhetoric can be defined as the skill to discern the persuasive tools available in each specific case.” This quote reminds me of my own learning experiences in English class, where my teacher first introduced concepts like logos, pathos, and ethos, showing me how each one of them contributes to effective writing. After reading the given article, I now understand how rhetoric concepts are able to give audience a deeper understanding of the the influence, language and tone that was chosen to express one’s arguments and values. Rhetoric is a concept used to highlights key issues and make interactions more engaging by giving them depth. The reading’s example of NFL protests shows its power in action, by showing how some people can view the same act as disrespectful, while others as a meaningful point of view on a global issue.

  93. “First Year Writing at Baruch” pages 141-159 talks about the importance of reseaqrch and conducting research acquiring knowledge on a topic helps us form our own perspective on the topic. Research can be done without knowing that you are conducting research but however just asking questions about anything. Asking questions help you find reasoning which is an example of research. Since research is so important to shape your own perspective, it is important to make sure to obtain information from credible sources. Graves (2024) was able to find out 9 percent of high schoolers and 7 percent of college students could identify non-credible sources. This is a concerning number which is why it’s important to know how to identify credible sources to make sure the information obtained can be reliable.

  94. I learned many skills that’ll help me in this assignment. I also learned that research is something we all do daily but we don’t often realize we’re researching. Due to this reading I was able to gain information that’ll help me in this assignment and my writing by guiding me in research and how to research for good sources. Looking for these good sources can lead me to a piece of writing I am proud of. A personal experience I have with researching was for the past assignment of analysis. I used google news to find an article that helped me have a better understanding of my topic. I liked the process of researching because it opened my eyes on another point of view on a topic. I was so close minded before researching but after researching and understanding has made me want to be more open minded in this world.

  95. In the reading, the author talks about the use of rhetoric. This is a method in which the author writes, and it is important because you can use ethos, logos, and pathos. When writing, it is crucial to think about the way you want to express your thoughts, ideas, and opinions. Every detail on the page needs to have a purpose in order to get the main point across, this effort ensures that we become better writers and thinkers. When analyzing, the author says we need to observe different topics with different lenses. It helps us as readers to see things from different perspectives. After reading, I now realize that an argumentative paper/ persuasive writing will contain logos, pathos, or ethos. It usually utilizes analyzing and paraphrasing, and questions. In the future, I will use rhetoric in my assignments.

  96. “First Year Writing at Baruch”, pages 141-159, taught me what frame checking is. Frame checking is when a writer looks at the values of a piece of evidence instead of only focusing on the facts presented. The text states, “Frame checking can help you start to see how the source is framed in ways that might help you question an author’s credibility or think differently about how useful the source may be for you,”(p. 152) Subconsciously, I use this tactic while writing. However, I do find myself looking at the quote and only analyzing what the quote is literally saying and not its importance be to the reader. The text uses two pieces of evidence including an interview as an example. I related to this because when I did a research paper, I interviewed my mother about her experience in voting in the Dominican Republic and then voting in the United States. My evidence wouldn’t have been as useful or persuasive if I had used my sister in the interview, a girl who has never voted before. The framework technique forces me to question why a quote is truly important and will help me succeed in the following assignment.

  97. As I read through pages 141-159 I learnt about the idea and research of credibility. Most students interestingly cannot tell credibility from a papers. Then the rest of the reading was in a way teaching how to make your reading credible. It helps us form our own research and analysis and teaches us how to make a piece of writing our own. A personal experience that suppers the authors key idea would be my eleventh grade English class. For some assignment I would use chat gpt to give me ideas for an essay. I worked but my parents lost their unique feeling and my analysis ended up being bland and boring. Through this I learnt the way of analysis and the importance around it. This relates to class as we just did a paper on analysis, which helped us find our sources and analyze them. Here we found credible source through research and had our own take on it.

  98. Through this reading I learned the meaning of rhetoric writing. Rhetoric writing is a way of persuading or influencing an audience in ones writing. There are three key rhetorical appeals used in rhetoric writing: ethos, logos, and pathos. These help authors influence their audience. I never really thought deeply about the concept of rhetoric writing, but now after reading these pages in the textbook I realize rhetoric is not just a tool that can help my writing, it is a tool that can help me in everyday life. It can help me communicate effectively, analyze articles, persuade people, use strategic language, etc… Rhetoric is a strong skill used in writing that I hope I can get better at. I think it is a tool that can also be applied to everyday life. In high school I did not do so much rhetoric writing, but I want to do more of it so I can get better at it. It’s not something I expect to be great at overnight, but it’s a tool that I hope to one day be very confident using.

  99. Throughout the pages of 141 – 159 in “First Year Writing at Baruch”, I learned the importance of research and credibility. Research provides credibility for what we say. “Research ensures that the author has engaged in a process of listening to a conversation of key voices – and has then joined the conversation” (p. 142). This quote emphasizes that in order to have credibility in one’s claims, they have to have an in-depth knowledge on what they say. Listening to “key voices” which can belong to actual researchers or experts can allow one to gain better insight and understanding to what they are researching. Good research produces good credibility because you’d know what you’re talking about. This helps especially when you are asked to write a research paper. In high school, I had to write a research paper on the topic of Freudian theory. Despite having some knowledge on it already, I conducted intricate research in order to make my claim credible. Knowing which sources can produce reliable research adds even more to your credibility.

  100. In this week’s reading, pages 141-159 in our textbook First-Year Writing at Baruch, I learned some techniques that I can use to improve my writing and enhance the quality of my argumentative paper. The first thing I learned that I will apply in my writing is that, in analysis and research, it is best to ask multiple questions to gain a deeper understanding. Doing so would give me a a stronger push to think more critically to really understand the topic. Also, I learned the importance of credible sources, as what you are reading and basing your paper on must be credible, to support a strong, reliable argument. It’s an important skill for students to learn what makes a source credible or not.

  101. This readings goes into the importance of rhetoric and how using rhetoric is a big factor of how you can be a good writer. Telling is examples and how exactly to use rhetoric in your writing. In junior year the term rhetoric was introduced to me, but i had only ever been taught the basic meaning of what rhetoric means. That being rhetoric is how you would word so thing to convince someone or to inform. Id like to agree with the importance of rhetoric especially for the argument essays. The whole point of rhetoric watered down is to convince someone, to prove your argument as the right side. So it you want to write a good argument you would have to use rhetoric to prove a point. What a learned is related as the more i know about rhetoric the more i can use that information to prove my points and write a great argument essay, and further prove my points in my day to day life.

  102. Rhetorics were explained in this reading in a way that I did not understand before. Rhetorics is a term that means being able to argue well in an artwork or in writing. Rhetorics can strongly persuade the readers to believe in what you are saying which is very helpful if one needs to convince the other. Before, I already learned that in writing, authors and content creators can employ pathos, logos, and ethos to convince the readers. This is a technique that is used but it has to be done effectively for it to actually be able to work. I understand the rhetorics because once I have been convinced by words that described a certain product so much that I felt the urge to purchase it online. Of course, I realize that pathos, logos, and ethos are used as methods to persuade a reader with emotions, arguments, and authority. Some of the information learnt relating to rhetorics can be used in class because this knowledge can be applied in writing my argumentative essay. In my argumentative essay I will be able to incorporate rhetorics that include logos, pathos as well as ethos in order to convince the readers to accept my view.

  103. The reading from the textbook discusses the importance of wanting to inquire about something to inspire your research. This inquiry can come from daily life, but it must stem off of knowledge and incorporate your own opinion. To assist with the research aspect, Boolean operators are especially helpful to gather relevant results for your search. By using quotation marks, parentheses, and/or the terms AND and OR, you can reduce the amount of irrelevant information provided. This can also be done by using reliable search engines such as the one provided by the Baruch library. Choosing a multitude of keywords may also help gain valuable information. Signal words are extremely helpful when writing a paper as it illustrates the point that is going to come across in the sentence. It is important to use paraphrases, quotations, and summaries in papers as needed to help the paper flow. Each piece of information needs to phrased in a way that fits the purpose of the section in the paper the best.

  104. The process of writing and reading can seem to be a simple thing to do, but it has some obstacles in the way when writing a successful paper. One of the main obstacles when it comes to writing is research. When it comes to research, it can be an easy thing to do, but it is a very serious thing when looking for information to support your paper. Research is to, of course, find information and facts to support your stance or an entire point on something. When it comes to researching data, it is important to have credibility when citing your sources and your information. Credibility is more of something that is more reliable than something that is not legitimate or accurate. It is important to be credible, especially when writing an analytical or argumentative paper, since readers want to see accurate information that correlates with the claim. But not all facts and data are proven to be 100% accurate, depending on the claim you  make. We call this frame checking, which is to dispute facts that are often inaccurate or misguided. Misguided facts often occur due to the reading having different values and perspectives, so it is important to eradicate any type of bias when writing a paper, especially if it isn’t an argumentative essay. Lateral reading is another form. The process of assessing a source’s reliability by contrasting it with other sources. This enables you to confirm proof and put information in context. Writers often do this to compare and contrast which information is more accurate and more useful to support your claims and stance when writing. 

  105. We are naturally curious individuals and research aids in feeding that curiosity by providing us with in-depth explorations. Our curiosity is typically sparked when something abnormal occurs in our life —an experience that makes us stop and ponder on why it has occurred. Given this process of curiosity, anything can be researched or be considered research. Although answers to a question are important, the sources selected to answer these questions are just as or even more important. Search engines such as Google and Bing usually issue results that are in correlation with previous searches or paid advertisement. To gather related and credible resources, keywords and “Boolean operators” are great tools that help narrow down results to what one is looking for. In all my past English classes, there was always a lesson dedicated to detecting reliable and unreliable sources. Often, unreliable sources were spotted based on their domain and advertisements plastered throughout. Additionally, lateral reading —which involves researching the author and other aspects of a source— and key framing —which involves analyzing the way in which a piece of information is phrased— are two important steps that can assure the reliability a source has. Once sources have been obtained, the way in which it is presented is the next component. There are moments when paraphrasing is more ideal than quoting (and vice versa). In our class, Purdue Owl has been a great tool in ensuring our citing is adequate and that plagiarism is evaded. Whichever option is more ideal, it is essential that elements —such as introductory words— are used to aid in the flow of one’s writing and ease the reading for one’s audience.

  106. Research for writing has come a long way when writing pieces. The way to use resources is very important and critical to use it correctly because you want to provide information on any claims. Secondary sources can be sources you find in a library while primary sources are information you gather on your own. It explains credibility which is to provide support and show why the sources can be trusted. Sometimes sources can not be reliable and it is hard to discover if they are or aren’t. Sometimes sources can just be popular and not true and this is bad because sources are needed to create a good piece that appeals to the target audience. In order to do research, the best questions can start with “why?” It helps get someone started on their research and how to correlate it to their writing piece. Research doesn’t necessarily have to be facts that show why your claim is right or wrong but how to walk through your topic and find out more about it. A way to find sources is to look through search engines and we used this in our major assignments essays where I used google news, google scholar, Baruch library, etc. It gives you sites that are a bit more academic. With the search engines you can use certain terms “AND”, “NOT”, parentheses to cut down your research. Choose your sources carefully. Incorporating different ways to use your text is important paraphrasing, analyzing, summary, quotes, etc. We used this in our analysis assignment; it helps provide more input and break down our sources. We had to make sure our paraphrases were shorter than the quotes to avoid plagiarism. Citing sources is also important to not plagiarize in your piece and the work cited.

  107. The article makes the point that research only really counts if people can trust it. Credibility in research comes from doing things right—using solid methods, being upfront, and following ethical guidelines. This means carefully planning studies, analyzing data thoroughly, and being clear about the findings so others can double-check or challenge them. When research is trustworthy, it earns respect from the public, other researchers, and policymakers. Without that, even the best-intentioned studies can end up ignored. Basically, making research credible isn’t just about boosting education; it’s about moving forward in all areas of life.

  108. In this reading, I learned about that free search engine like Google and Yahoo are not reliable search engine to research because their most likely paid advertised sites. Which indicates that they’re not reliable and most likely to be bias. As the text book states that a lot of student would pick the first few sites which myself am also guilty of. This reading also taught me to become a better researcher by using boolean operator in my search, and to be more specific in order to get sources that are relevant to the topic. This will be important for our upcoming assignment because we need to learn to how do reliable research and make sure that whoever is writing the sources are credible and aren’t bias.

  109. Seth Groves introduces the use of primary and secondary sources in a research paper in order to build credibility to what one is writing about. When a research paper Is creditable due to its sources then its content is more reliable, although writing research papers at first may seem grueling due to how much content you have to absorb to fully understand the topic. Writing a research paper, helps readers and the writers themselves connect the findings to outside events including our daily lives such as writing about the impact of cell phone usage in a learning environment or our mental health. When the writer also provides their own personal experience, someone can use that as a source as a first hand experience allowing readers to understand what the writer went those or others like them depending on what the subject is.

  110. From the reading, I understood about the concept of rhetoric. It is stated that rhetoric can make writing more accurate, and improve the of word expressions. It is fine to read what other people have written; it is also a technique through which one has to present his own ideas and Data. Pa and swimming and the deliberation of words and swimming are more very to rhetoric than considering words and sentences. Rhetorical can greatly enhance the extent of the aesthetic standard and aesthetic taste in the writing. Yet, rhetoric has to be stored when we could have used it in our writing to produce better output. I remember that most of my teachers encouraged us to read as many books as possible in this life. It can allow us to work out the variations in the writing style of various authors and further enlighten ourselves on the outstanding point of the author. To learn more writing and rhetorical skills.

  111. From this reading I got a deeper understanding of what I can do when conducting research. Research is important when writing any kind of paper. Research can be using google or the internet to help find articles for your paper or going to the library to find books. There are many forms of research that everyone has. Talking to someone about your topic and gaining insight about their perspective can be enough for a form of research. Research is. important to have a more direct and deeper understanding about your topic.

  112. This reading helped me understand the true meaning and importance of rhetoric. Many people think of rhetoric as something negative or connected to politics because of how it’s portrayed in the media, but it’s actually about analyzing and shaping communication to make us better thinkers and writers. Rhetoric is everywhere in our daily lives, from simple things like instruction manuals to political campaigns, and its purpose is often to persuade or influence behavior. I also learned about developing a strong thesis in essays, which the author describes as answering a “macro-question” supported by “micro-questions” in the body paragraphs. A good thesis takes time to craft, and it’s important to make sure it’s not too simple, broad, or speculative. Overall, rhetoric helps us communicate clearly and think critically about the messages we create and interpret.

  113. The reading covers many important points about the term rhetoric, but to fully understand its meaning, we need to go beyond surface-level impressions. Many people tend to associate “rhetoric” with something negative—like manipulation or political spin—because that’s how it’s often portrayed in the media. However, the literary and academic definition of rhetoric is much more meaningful. It’s actually a tool for analyzing the writing of others and shaping our own thoughts, which helps us become better thinkers and communicators.

    The author of the reading emphasizes how rhetoric shows up in all aspects of our daily lives. Whether it’s a simple instruction manual or a complex political campaign, rhetoric is used to influence, explain, or persuade. It’s not just about convincing people—it’s about choosing the right language and tone to connect with a specific audience.

    I also learned about rhetorical lenses for analysis, including ethos, pathos, and logos, as well as elements like audience, purpose, genre, and medium. These concepts give us a deeper way to look at any kind of writing or communication. Finally, the reading encourages us to ask thoughtful questions when analyzing a text, pushing us to dig deeper into its message and intention.

  114. The textbook (pp.141-159) effectively demonstrates the research process from how to finding credible resources to quoting, paraphrasing and synthesizing them by using examples.

    When searching for the resources, credibility is crucial, connecting the ethos which we are familiar with from analysis part. To obtain reliable sources, it’s better to use the library search engine rather than popular sites like google or Bing as resources from these sites may lack accuracy.

    When it comes to finding valuable data, choosing proper keyword combination is essential, and ‘Boolean Operators’ plays an important role here. Proper usage of “AND”, “OR” “NOT” enable us to get results we want. After that, evaluating the information involves skills like lateral reading and frame checking. From my perspective, lateral reading somehow related to ‘ethos’ because it is about confirming the credibility of the sources. ‘Frame checking’ helps determine whether the resources fit for my research needs.
    Additionally, when using these resources to address my opinion, there are several ways to introduce them, such as quoting or paraphrasing which we already have learned. Both approaches are useful, but whichever we choose, we should always be careful to maintain our own voice.

    Through this chapter, I learned a lot about retaining, evaluating, and properly using resources. Specifically, the ‘Boolean Operators’ are worth trying and applying in other classes as well. I thought I was already familiar with the analyzing skills, but the textbook provided more specific examples that helped me grasp the concepts more deeply.

  115. Reading about the research process invited me to reconsider how I view research not only as academic work but as a natural extension of curiosity. I used to think research meant writing numerous papers full of citations, but this reading helped me see that asking questions, seeking understanding, and exploring new ideas are all forms of research. Particularly, it was impressive that analytical lens that I’ve used in analysis assignment and learnt in the class are also used in research process. I could it relate to my case in Baruch about asking friends for assignment of the courses, which reminded me that I’ve done research all the time without realizing it.

    The section on evaluating sources was especially useful. I didn’t know about “lateral reading” before. By reading this section, but I understood how important it is to check who’s behind a source, which is also part of the analytical lens—author and background. Additionally, I could relate the section on ‘Boolean operator’ in finding and evaluating sources to the talk with the librarian which was aimed at the analytical assignment. The librarian let me know the function of using Boolean when searching academic resources. This will help in all my classes, especially when using sources for essays or group projects.

  116. This reading talks about the writer’s rhetoric. Rhetoric is a way of writing that the author uses. From my own experience with writing, I’ve learned that it’s really important to catch the reader’s attention by using ethos, logos, and pathos. These are simple tools, but they can do a lot if you use them well. Each one connects with the audience in its own special way, pulling them in to agree with the writer. It’s super important to use these rhetorical tools to convince your readers because they make a big difference in winning their support. Like in the earlier text, the author stresses how useful it is to write a summary and analysis. An argumentative essay needs to be strong to make readers agree with you. By using these tools in your writing, you can reach your goal of persuading them.

  117. The reading explained the importance and tricks for effectively analyzing, synthesizing, and citing a document.It started by explaining how conducting proper research is crucial.We notice, think, and analyze in our everyday lives, and creating a research paper is a similar process that not only leads us to research but also allows us to explore the topic.As students, we need to conduct thoughtful research from credible sources in a smart way. We can use the Baruch library to find peer-reviewed and credible papers by utilizing certain strategies. One of them is intelligently using Boolean operators like ‘and’ and ‘or’ while typing keywords. Additionally, keywords need to be used efficiently to get what we really need instead of reading dozens of unwanted papers. Once we decide to use a source, it must be read, and there are two ways to read effectively. First, lateral reading involves determining credibility by learning about the author, website, organization, etc. The second is frame checking, which means checking the frame of the source to understand the perspective and usefulness of the reading. While paraphrasing, synthesizing, or summarizing a source, the correct use of signal words like ‘argues’, ‘claims’, and ‘suggests’ etc. is important. For instance, ‘prove’ is a strong and impactful word however It is not easy to prove anything, so use it wisely, especially for facts.

  118. Today’s reading focuses mainly on rhetoric and sources and how the two can be used together to strengthen an analysis or other forms of writing.
    The reading revisits concepts from pages 93 to 119 of the last readings to expand on the purpose of rhetorical concepts. This includes using the previously mentioned pathos, logos, and ethos to analyze messages and communicate more effectively. In addition, rhetorical concepts can help us ask macro and micro questions while developing our thesis.
    The author also talks about researching sources in this reading. Mentioning howr hetorical concepts also plays a role in selecting sources, by understanding what is the purpose, who are the audience, what is the excigerne of the reading could tell you wether the source could be useful for your research. This is especially true for ethos (credibility), the credibility of the author greatly affects how reliable and trustworthy their writing and findings could be.
    The author also gives valuable advice when it comes to looking for sources. By using boolean such as “OR”, “AND”, “NOT” we could refine and narrow down our result to what fit our need the most.

  119. In this reading, I learned how rhetoric plays an important role in both writing and communication. People often associate rhetoric with manipulation, but in reality, it is a powerful tool for analyzing texts, shaping thoughts, and creating thoughtful essays. The reading mainly explains how rhetoric isn’t just about persuasion; it is more about choosing the right and precised language to connect with an audience. I have realized that this applies to everyday life, from simple instructions among your peers to political speeches that presidents do, and it is something we can use to become better communicators. The reading also highlights how to research properly, which ties into the rhetorical concept of ethos. In my opinion, one of the most crucial parts of doing researches is to evaluate sources for credibility, and the author suggests using Boolean operators to narrow down search results. Learning how to assess and synthesize information effectively is something that will definitely help me in my other classes and in writing essays in English class. Overall, this reading made me think more critically about the sources I use and how I present my ideas to others by aplying certain rhetorical choices.

  120. Until the reading, I always assumed rhetoric was synonymous to the word hypothetical. I vaguely heard the words “rhetorical situation” and simply assumed said words to be implying an imagined scenario, which in the context of our reading, I guess wouldn’t be completely untrue. I have learned that “rhetoric” is much more complicated than that – it refers to one’s ability to construct figures of speech with the intention of forming persuasive and effective writing. The reading emphasizes the rhetoric’s importance. In fact, it is something most people do subconsciously even if unaware of the rhetoric. You may not be specifically aware of either logos or pathos, but any normal person would definitely attempt to add both logic and emotion into their argument because social interactions in everyday life already consists of using logic and emotion in conversation. The author also goes over the differences between summary and analysis, which I am already luckily familiar with due to the analysis paper.

  121. One thing that stuck out to me is that writing is research, and every paper is a research paper. This is a very interesting idea; I never thought of writing like this before. Thinking deeply, it makes sense to me as when you write, oftentimes need to know what to include and what to leave out. Also, like research many tests are run till you get to the final. 

    I learned that credibility is essential, as without it there is no valid reason for the audience to believe you or that what you are saying is meaningful. Also, I learned how to choose the right search engines and keywords when doing research.

    What are Boolean operators? Boolean operator is the AND, OR, and NOT in the search engine that once used will help get you the search result you want. Additionally, I find that reading laterally means reading about the author, publication, and organization information. It helps to check the credibility of the source.

    I learned that it is critical to ask what is left out in the text to look for hidden biases the author may have. An important aspect I had to consider when researching is that just because something is relevant to my research does not make it credible.

  122. After reading pages 141-159, I have better understanding of research. Also according to our previous course, we know that ethic is very important for our writing. If we want to make our audience think we are trustworthy, we should strengthen the credibility of our writing. But It’s not only about citing some content to support your opinion or make your writing more credible. It is a process of learning, doing search is seeking understanding.
    Related to the credibility, I learnt he concept of lateral reading—checking the author, publication, and organization—it was new to me, but it really helps evaluate a source’s reliability. It’s meaningful since we need to use these resources to support our writing and if they have not credibility, it will also make our writing have no credibility. I also learned that just because something is relevant doesn’t mean it’s credible, which is a key difference I hadn’t thought much about before, even in my previous analysis assignment.
    Also, the author provides us some tools like Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) help narrow or broaden search results, which would help me research the sources I need more efficient and accurate.

  123. In these pages, I learned how to find and analyze sources when doing research. According he reading, the first search results are not always the best, because they may be ads or placed there by algorithms. It is important to skim titles, read previews, and check multiple pages of results. Then, I learned how to evaluate if a source is reliable, useful methods like lateral reading; checking the authors, their background, who funds the website, and frame checking; seeing how the author presents facts and whether important voices are missing.
    I also found them useful because they explain how to use quotes and paraphrases correctly. Writers should introduce sources clearly, use signal words and avoid long quotes. The goal is to keep your own voice strong while blending in other ideas. This is helpful for our research projects and will be useful in college and future jobs.

  124. This reading really opened my eyes and taught me a bunch of useful tips for writing. Honestly, I didn’t even know what the word “rhetoric” meant before, so it was cool to finally learn about it. One thing that stood out was how rhetoric helps us understand not just how we make choices, but also why other people do too. I’ve realized that it plays a big role in persuasive writing and it’s all about getting the reader to see things from your point of view. Tools like pathos, logos, and ethos are used to connect with people emotionally, logically, or by building trust, which makes your message more convincing. What really surprised me, though, was learning that rhetoric isn’t just for essays or speeches but it’s actually everywhere in daily life. That made me see why it’s important to understand how it works. Overall, this reading helped me feel more confident about writing persuasive pieces. I think I’ll be able to put these ideas to good use in my future essays.

  125. Researching and Making Claims
    After reading pages 141 to 159, I learned that Research makes us think and feel deeply about world events. It also provides credibility for our arguments. It is the process of the need to know more. To conduct research, it is essential to choose reliable and credible sources. Popular free search engines such as Google and Bing can sometimes provide useful sources; however, the algorithm is influenced by profit. Consequently, in reality, the top results may not be the best ones and are not designed to show academic articles. Choosing the source for our research is not a random task; on the contrary, it takes analytical skills, paying attention to the author, publication, and organization to determine if it is a qualified source. Additionally, I learned the importance of paraphrasing. It is a way to smoothly introduce other ideas to our argument. Signal words are connecting words between the quote and our explanation.
    After writing the analysis assignment, I realized how difficult it is to paraphrase a quote. However, when reading the textbook, I learn that it is important, therefore, I need to improve. My limited vocabulary makes it even more difficult.

  126. This reading covers important points of the term “rhetoric” and helped me get the better understanding of it. In order to truly get the idea behind it, we first need to know its usage purpose and the real definition of the term “rhetoric”, which we can identify as “a tool to become better writers and thinkers by using a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas. From the past classes, we got to acquire the (9) components of rhetorics and this reading emphasizes mainly on the big three: logos (logic/facts), pathos (emotional appeals), and ethos (the credibility). I must admit that I was more inclined to believe it as just a language (medium) to connect with the audience. Although it is true for some cases, I learned from this reading that these rhetorical elements can even be used in forming an argument while critically analyzing the texts, which plays a crucial role in developing a convincing/persuasive thesis.

    Additionally, I believe that a thesis is the most important part when writing an argumentative essay since we need to be very clear about what we are arguing for, and the reading introduces a new required concept to do so. The author called a sustained, well-articulated argument a macro-question – a big focus question which has to be answered in our essay – and the micro-question – little questions which control the ideas of body paragraphs to develop the thesis aka the big question. I learned that we always need to check the thesis if it is being too simple or broad while I also acknowledge that it takes time to develop a good thesis statement. Overall, from this reading, I got a chance to revise the importance of rhetoric, essential components of developing a proper thesis statement, and I believe these will come in handy for my next argumentative assignment

  127. This reading covers a lot of important points of the term “rhetoric” and helped me get a better understanding of it. In order to truly get the idea behind it, we first need to know its usage purpose and the real definition of the term “rhetoric”, which we can identify as “a tool to become better writers and thinkers by using a method of analyzing the writing of others and a method of shaping our own thoughts and ideas. From the past classes, we got to acquire the (9) components of rhetorics and this reading emphasizes mainly the big three: logos (logic/facts), pathos (emotional appeals), and ethos (credibility). I must admit that I was more inclined to believe it was just a language (medium) to connect with the audience. Although it is true for some cases, I learned from this reading that these rhetorical elements can even be used in forming an argument while critically analyzing the texts, which plays a crucial role in developing a convincing/persuasive thesis. Additionally, I believe that a thesis is the most important part when writing an argumentative essay since we need to be very clear about what we are arguing for, and the reading introduces a new required concept to do so. The author called a sustained, well-articulated argument a macro-question – a big focus question that has to be answered in our essay – and the micro-question – little questions that control the ideas of body paragraphs to develop the thesis aka the big question. I learned that we always need to check the thesis if it is too simple or broad while I also acknowledge that it takes time to develop a good thesis statement. Overall, from this reading, I got a chance to revise the importance of rhetoric and, the essential components of developing a proper thesis statement, and I believe these will come in handy for my next argumentative assignment

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