All posts by LOLA MUKHTOROVA

How do any of the following poets’ views on love compare? Ibn Zaydun, Arnaut Daniel, Guido Guinizzelli

Ibn Zaydun’s from Al -Zahra describes beautiful memories of love and sufferings because of love. Ibn Zaytun defines two lovers as “Thieves of pleasure”, and describes how lovers suffer the separation. He describes the love to be tough as even” flowers” feel sympathy for the lover.  Arnaut Daniel in turn describes love as something that can polish and aureate. He describes the woman as a noble and the love as something that keeps heart worm. By describing outer beauty of woman he mentions that his love to her is so strong that he will not even accept a whole city for exchange to her. He describes love as strong and beautiful that makes him strong and passionate as well. The noble view of love can be noticed in Guido Guinizzelli’s poem, where he describes love as a nobility. He explains how nobility and love gets inside the heart. He compares haughty people to mud, who has nobility outside the heart  and  compares sun to nobility, which beats against the mud. Another Italian poet Guido Cavancanti  focuses on negative aspects of love, describing the cynical view of love.

Different opinions about Love in Plato’s Symposium

Plato’s Symposium incredibly describes the points of view of six historical people regarding Love. They take a turn to give speeches to praise Love, conveying different philosophies and viewpoints.
Phaedrus, who delivers the first speech mentions that Love can inspire a person with courage that he/she even can die for his/her beloved one. Later, in his speech Socrates mentions the speech of Diatema, who assures that people will not die for their lovers if they don’t expect the memory of their virtue to be unforgettable and immortal. Diatema also says that mortals always seek to live forever, and the only way to live forever is by reproduction, by always leaving behind a new young one. It is also interesting how Diotema describes the parents of Love, who are Penia the poverty, and Poros the resource.
Agathon in his speech describes love to be delicate and beautiful, which lives only in young body and soul. Socrates in turn, addresses to his speech by stating that love is neither beautiful nor ugly, but rather something in between. He mentions that Love is tough and far from being delicate like his mother, but brave, impetuous and intense like his father. Virgil’s Aeneas’ love to Dido can be example of Love described by Socrates; Love is so tough that Aeneas is forced to leave his beloved Dido, which later results in her death.
Aristophan in his speech tells a story about how three kind of creatures were cut into two by Zeus and some become lesbians and gays. He says that Love is a sense of belonging and desire to not be separated from each other. He also describes love as the desire for each other in his play Lysistrata.
Pausanias in his speech mentions two types of Love; common love and heavenly love. He describes common love as attraction to the body not the soul and as a desire for sexual act. Heavenly god he says is the love between males, which is in contrast free from vulgarity. Homer’s Odysseus’ love to women he meets throughout his journey can be example of common love as he feels only sexual desire towards them. Odysseus always mentions that his love belongs to his wife but he indecently involves in sexual affairs with other women. Eryximachus describes love as attraction to human soul, not the beauty and he says that only love can deliver harmony to opposed to each other elements like hot and cold and wet and dry.

Is Aeneas a hero? In what ways yes and no?

Aeneas is described as a hero who is dedicated to his country and people, and stays loyal to his responsibilities. He heroically sacrifices his happiness and his love to Dido to the sake of his duties before gods and his people. He accepts responsibility of bringing about his preassigned fate. Even though he is deeply in love with Dido, he leaves her, against his free will. Moreover, Virgil describes Aeneas as a faithful to Dido, whereas in comparison to Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus is described as a wife cheater. Aeneas is also a hero in terms of being good son to his father as he loves his father and greatly respects while he was alive and even after his death. He proposes sacrificial offerings in respect to the memory of his father after one year of his death. Another aspect of Aeneas heroism is being generous and merciful to his people and enemies as well.
However, there is one reason I cannot treat him as a hero. Aeneas is a brave and fearless warrior, but he never accomplishes any task totally by himself. During all his journeys his goddess mother Venus and other gods help him out by either giving advice’s or fixing the problems he has. For example, Venus makes an effort to get Dido to love him, and pleads Neptune to help to get Aeneas safely to Italy. During the war, Venus helps Aeneas to get new weapons and armor, and even at the final battle with Turnus, Venus helps Aeneas to win by weakening his rival.