The Contradictions of Conservative Revolution

This image, part of a series of images sent to the Portuguese royalty in Brazil by Jean-Baptiste Debret, is an artistic rendition of the coronation of Pedro I. The image depicts qualities of revolution, monarchical power, colonial diversity as well as strength. As such it aims to encapsulate the conservative Portuguese independence and the values it held. It shows some of the inherent contradictions inherent to a conservative revolution.

Pedro is depicted not like a revolutionary, but like a traditional European King. Instead of waving flags and dynamically standing subjects as seen in American imagery, Pedro is seated on a throne, with monarchical icons like the crown. Nevertheless, the artist attempts to bring in the dynamism of revolution and independence through alternative means. The crowds are shown to be ecstatic, and Pedro I holds a Sword and Shield, signifying defiance and battle. The trumpeting angels display banners of Independence, and a cannon aims to the left.

Prosperity becomes a central focus, in front of Pedro lay a cornucopia full of food, while his throne is adorned with the Rod of Asclepius and Scales of Justice. Signals for an abundant and prosperous future. Similarly, the image seems to signal unity, as both sides contain subjects of various races and cultures. Babies of all cultures are presented to the new emperor. 

While there is a lot of positive imagery, power and military might are still central. Behind the new emperor are innumerable lines of soldiers, merely discernible by the forest of arms they erect towards the air. In this darker section, tribal leaders bow and swear allegiance, a reverence that is much more somber than the jubilation in front. 

The image wonderfully depicts the duality of Brazilian independence, it is both a celebration of independence and a declaration of subservience. Pedro I the generous, who will bring Health, Justice and Prosperity to Brazil, and Pedro I the emperor, with immense military might demanding absolute devotion. We may see in this concise depiction why conservative revolutions were the exception, as there are inherent contradictions and incongruences within their goals and values.