30 thoughts on “Military Dictatorship”
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Latin America: A Survey of History and Culture – Fall 2021
A Blogs@Baruch site
Latin America: A Survey of History and Culture – Fall 2021
A Blogs@Baruch site
Comments are closed.
Alan Tupac
Notes on Military Dictatorship:
-After Latin America gained independence most of the countries we know today arose after Spain was defeated.
-After independence Latin America became what we know it as today.
-Military dictatorship started to emerge in Latin America during the middle of the 20th century.
-Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in the Americas after the independence wars of Latin America.
-In the 19th century Britain retained a presence for several decades after Latin America became independent.
-The newly freed Latin American countries continued to trade with Britain to become as technologically developed as Britain after centuries of colonialism.
-The relationship between Latin America and Britain was the same relationship they had with Spain.
-The raw materials would leave Latin America into Britain and return as manufactured goods to be sold in the Latin American market.
-During the 1850 things changed because of the rise of the United States and the massive advancement and development the country went through after the civil war.
-The United States became a very desired trading partner and ally in Latin America because of the shared history of colonialism both places experienced.
-Latin America was now able to decide who they wanted to trade with and export their raw materials to because of the new competition that arose between Britain and America.
-Due to Britain not providing the technological advancements Latin America was looking for, they decided to trade with the United States instead.
-The political scene shifted into the new colonial era and the Latin Market started developing more of an open market economy due to American influences
-All the measures put in place to support small businesses and farmers were put aside to support capitalism and increase trade with the U.S.
-The economy in Latin America began to become dominated by corporations just like it did with the United States.
-Latin America joined the world market on a large scale and this came at a disadvantage to ordinary citizens because only big corporations were benefiting from the change.
-There was an explosion in technology during the 19th century which improved and shifted the quality of life
-This new advancement in technology was very shocking to the people because things that used to take days to complete now took only a few hours.
-The very ideas of time and space changed because of these new technological advancements.
-Due to these new technological advancements, cities started to become increasingly popular again and more metropolitan areas started to form as a result all across Latin America.
-Latin American cities began to grow at a tremendous rate up until the First World War.
– Latin America for the most part remained uninvolved during the First World War other than Brazil who helped the allies.
-The war hugely affected trade across the world and ships were no longer able to travel freely because of fears that the Germans would destroy the ships from Latin America to Europe.
-Due to not being able to trade, this had a devastating impact on Latin America and inflation started becoming a serious problem in the continent.
-Millions of people couldn’t afford necessities and many ended up starving to death.
-As a result of the war many Latin American countries started to realize that depending on trade was not a sustainable way to keep the economy and society going.
-Many nationalist movements started forming in Latin America and the anger was directed towards the United States for being the new colonizers in the region.
-Tenison started to emerge between the United States and the leftist groups in Latin America which eventually led to the emergence of military dictatorships backed up by the U.S.
Comments:
After watching the video I learned so much new information which I previously didn’t know about such as how the United States backed up military dictatorships in Latin America due to the aggression they were facing from nationalists in the region who blamed the U.S. for their economic shortcomings. I was also surprised to learn that the First World War had a massive impact on Latin America because despite not having an impact on the war themselves, the war had a huge impact on their economy and well-being due to not being allowed to trade with the Europeans. In addition, it was interesting to learn that Latin Americans valued the advancement of technology significantly in their society and how the new technological advancements in the region elevated their quality of life as a result. Lastly, it was surprising to learn that Latin America went from being dependent on Spain to being dependent on Britain and finally being dependent on the United States and how this dependency prevented the region from advancing on its own.
Dictatorship 1:
– Britain maintained its presence in the Americas
– Relationship between Britain and Latin America was similar to the relationship between Spain and Latin America, drained the continent of raw material
– Latin America turned to the U.S. after Britain failed to help them
– Second half of the 1800s the political scene shifted to the right and free market trade took hold
– Big companies began to form and smaller companies began to go out of business
– Explosion in technology, specifically in the area of convenience
– Railroads changed the landscape of the continent especially for trade
– Metropolitan areas began to emerge, cities grew fast
– People began to realize that dependence on other people’s goods is not a good way of life, started nationalist movements
– A lot of anger towards the U.S., seen as the new empire and colonizer
Comment:
This video explained an interesting idea about how Latin America had taken a hard hit from World War One even though it wasn’t directly involved. I would have never thought that WWI would have such an impact on the Latin American countries, but after you explained it I can see and understand the links between the world economy and that of Latin America which I found to be very interesting.
Bridget Campanelli
Notes
Britain replaced spain as main power in Americas
Britain kept its presence in Americas for several decades
1850s- US started to rise as an industrial power
Post civil war the US started to come together and there was an advancement in technology
Other countries were more open to doing business with them
US was in a position of power, they could choose their economic partners and where to export to
Invention of the railroad was one of the most important technological advances
Drastically changed the ideas of time and space
Metropolitan areas became popular again after the conquest
People migrated and settled in cities in large numbers
Most Latin American countries stayed neutral during the world but they were still affected economically
Inflation caused prices of basic needs to skyrocket
Many died of starvation
Start of nationalist ideals, people didn’t want to depend on other countries for their needs
Increase of tension between US and leftist Latin American groups
Comment
I learned a lot from this video. It was interesting to me how power in the Americas seemed to shift from country to country, at first it was Spain then Britain and the United States. The United States was finally able to choose their economic partners because they were rapidly advancing technologically. Many countries wanted it so it put the US in a position of power. It also interested me how life changing the invention of the railroad was. Today we see it as something so simple but at the time it was a groundbreaking invention, similar to if someone invented something today that allowed us to travel across the country in minutes.
Jennifer Lee
-Setting: 19 century- Latin America after independence
-Britain replaced Spain as main European presence for several decades (1812)
-Trading was technological power and industrial power in world and Latin America build country by scratch from colonial era. Raw material left the continent and manufactured goods- stuff produced in Britain factories. Leading lack of technology and knowledge and following behind from rest of world.
-CHANGE: 1) Around 19 century (1850) rise of united states as industrial power in world. Explosion of technological advancement in US and caused profitable trading partner for Latin American countries. Looked at US as potential ally with the new technological power in their favor. So, they turned to the US. 2) political scene shifted- new colonial era. after colonialism-> form egalitarian society, how to bring equality, care for small businesses and underdogs.
-1850 PARALLEL WITH US: With influence of US, political scene shifted to the right and ideas of open market and free trade took hold. Ex: measure that were in place for supporting farmers and people in rural areas and small businesses went out of picture and big companies took control. Economy became dominated by big corps- causing imbalance of power between small businesses and big corps
-3) explosion of technology that effect quality of life like railroads, electricity, fridges. Consequence for latin america-
-War was disruption of trade because of the waters that were surrounded by many countries.
comments:
It shocks me to see many parallels between the United States and other countries. I also realized I never noticed how revolutionary new technology was in terms of transportation but instead I’ve always been greatly shocked in technology as in media and smart phones. I believe this is the case because I grew up having all these transportation technologies already being invented and I never became aware of it unlike smart phones. For example, with the invention of smartphone , I was able to live through the progress and evolution of it but I never grew up with the evolution of transportation technology. It went from suddenly playing with my mom’s mickey mouse flip phone to using smart phones where I can do crazy things with.
Stacy Keta
Notes:
– Formation of the countries after Latin America gained independence.
– Britain replaced Spain as European power for several decades; they continued to trade with them and the relationship was similar to theirs with Spain.
– Raw materials would leave Latin America and go into Britain which would be bad for them in the end.
– Middle of the 19th century things changed. As the US was going through their own history, they were looked at as a profitable trading partner.
-The U.S rose as a strong industrial power. They looked to them as inspiration in terms of technological advancements.
– Latin America turned to the U.S because Britain wasn’t helping and they wanted to improve their infrastructure.
– They were interested in an egalitarian society after colonialism.
– Political scenes shifted and big corporations were formed.
– Free market and trade was dominant and this caused an imbalance of power.
– There was an explosion of technology, the railroad was very significant, and also a shift in perception.
– The small businesses and farmers reaped the consequences.
– Electricity began to spread, overall there were many advancements in the 19th century.
– Metropolitan areas became the main center of public life again. This led to an increase of migration to the cities.
– Latin America was growing up until the First World War.
– They were not involved in it except for Brazil.
– This war caused a disruption of trade which impacted them economically.
– Boats could not travel which took a toll on trading.
– There was increased hunger and drought; people were dying of starvation.
– Inflation with basic commodities.
– They realized the reliance of others kept them trapped,
– There was a rise of nationalist movements and tension against the U.S.
Comments:
This video said a lot about the stance Latin America was in from the independence wars until the 19th century. I thought it was an interesting point made that they were doomed if they continued the cycle of being the source of raw materials and exporting them. Without technological advancements, they were no match against other nations. It seemed like the U.S was an industrial power for many which foreshadows some issues caused from this. I also thought the imbalance of power due to the rise of industrialization was unfair but inevitable. The use of the railroads were life changing which I found to be a great aspect in Latin American life along with the rest of the innovations but this would change after the World War which I thought was an intersting yet sad dynamic. While reading these pieces throughout the class, I didn’t it was ideal to be the one being relied on for raw materials and I believed this may backfire which was shown in this video. This is just the beginning of this period so there is a lot more to be discovered.
-Starting off in the 19th century, Latin America became independent.
-In the middle of the 20th century that is when military dictatorship was occurring.
-Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in the Americas around the time of the independence wars and after that.
-Britain was able to keep their presence for many decades even when Latin America became independent.
-Latin America after being freed still traded with Britain because by trading with a superior technological power in the world so they could build the country.
-The relationship Latin America had with Spain became the same with Britain.
-The raw materials would leave the continent and the manufactured goods produced in British factories came back to the market.
-In the middle of the 19th century, one of the things that changed was the rise of the United States as an industrial power.
-After the civil war, the U.S finally came together as one country and there was an explosion of technological advancements.
-The United States became a desired trading partner and Latin America became partners with them.
-Political scene shifted to a new colonial era , and due to the influence America had it made Latin America an open market economy.
-Latin America economy became similar to the United States because they were being ruled over by the corporations.
-End of the 19th century there was an explosion of technology and changed the quality of time.
-Metropolitan areas in Latin America started to become popular again and cities became popular.
-Metropolitan areas started to emerge.
-World War 1 affected them economically because the war was a huge disruption of trade across the world.
-There was inflation of basic commodities and they skyrocketed.
-The wartime experience led people to understand that this was not a sustainable way of life.
-This was the beginning of the nationalist movements and there was independence war 2.0 and anger was directed towards the United States.
-There was tension between United States and the leftist of Latin American groups.
Comments:
I found this video to be very interesting from the perspective of knowing on how a country ties to reform. When Latin America finally got freed from Spain, Latin America was trying to regroup and reform. Even though they were trying to help their own country, they came back in control of Britain. It is interesting to find out how lost Latin America grows and try to rapidly change to become more technologically advanced. Especially after partnering up with United States in hope to grow in their technological advances and gain their own benefit had started to in a way become dependent on this country.Finally, Latin America understood its own potential and wanted change from what they were experiencing especially from Spain to Britain and then the United States. I found it interesting to see growth within its country to adapt and change as its gets experience from the past.
-Parneet Kaur
Julia Pedersen
Notes:
Military dictatorships in the middle of the 20th century
Britain replaced Spain as the main military power in the Americas and maintained its presence for several centuries
Latin America’s plan to trade with Britain to rebuild itself, but did not turn out the way it planned.
The metaphor of open veins
Manufactured goods from Britain came into the countries
In the middle of the 19th-century things changed a little bit: The rise of the united states as a power in the world – this is when it started getting out of its colonial legacy and started making technological advancements. They looked at the U.S. as potential allies; The political scene shifted – entered the new colonial era of Latin America. Used to be forming an egalitarian society, caring for small business owners, etc., now became an open market and free trade took hold.
When choosing your economic partner, you have to think about what you want in your market and what you want to trade (listen to your people).
In the sense of being ruled over by corporations, Latin America was similar to the US.
The benefit of corporations is at the cost of ordinary people and small businesses.
There was an explosion of technology that was related to the quality of life (railroad made traveling quicker which caused a shift of perception. A steamboat, refrigeration, and electricity are other inventions.).
The very ideas of time and space changed
Metropolitan areas became popular again and cities grew fast.
This was the situation until WWI. Latin America was not directed involved besides Brazil. The war affected them economically. Not too many boats traveled from Britain to Latin America and back. This caused inflation overnight. People died of starvation and it became a dire situation.
Beginning of nationalist movements in the continents.
Personal thoughts:
In this video, along with the reading, I learned a lot of new things about military dictatorship in Latin America. I think it is always important to point out how certain inventions that contribute to change, including ones that affect trade and the economy, such as the train or steamboat. Being able to save time when shipping goods has positive effects fiscally. I found it interesting to look into how World War II played into the Latin American economy since the lack of trade with Europe caused severe inflation. This shows how even though nations weren’t directly involved in WWI.
I agree on the fact that it’s always important to point out how certain inventions contribute to change. Now a days we have ease of access to so many things and services that we sometimes fail to realize just how much they are impacting our lives, trade, and the economy.
– Norbert Kopec
-Britain replaced Spain in Europe’s presence in the Americas during and after the independence wars.
-By trading with Britain (the most industrial power), newly independent countries attempted to build their countries from scratch and create a new existence after the colonial era.
-However, this did not turn out as the colonies expected because the relationship the Latin American countries had with Britain was almost the same as the one tehy6 had with Spain. –They traded one imperialist for another.
-Around 1850, a turn of events occurred. These include:
1)Rise of the U.S. as an industrial power in the world,
2)Explosion of technological advancement in the corner of this world.
3)Political scene shifted to the right.,
4)New technologies related to the quality of life.
Comment:
What I found interesting was how the ideas of the open market and free trade took hold. Considering we live in a world where corporations are the ones who benefit, knowing h0ow this all came to be is enriching. Measures that protected rural farmers and small business owners were lifted and this was detrimental to them. There was a significant imbalance of power, as there is today. In addition, as technology such as new forms of transportation, electricity, and refrigeration became advent, people found this to be surreal. Though in the present these tools are undervalued, those who rode on horseback, carriages, and depended on fire, were fascinated. I can imagine myself confronting these innovations and being mesmerized by them. They provide such comfortable commodities that are such a contrast from the previous life I would have been living. This new technologies changed not only the qualities of life but the very ideas of time and space. They also helped metropolitan areas became popular once again as cities became more populated.
I agree with your comment because it was interesting to learn more about how corporations gained their beginnings, all started from trading methods. It was also very helpful in developing many communities, ideas, and in some ways social standings as well.
Notes of Military Dictatorship:
-Latin American countries continued to trade with Britain
-Latin American countries still failed to industrialize completely and were left behind compared to European countries.
-The United States was starting to become an industrialized nation and becoming another dominant power in the world.
-Latin America’s economic policy was free trade and limited government intervention.
-Economies of Latin American countries were dominated by corporations.
-Inventions like the railroad and steamboat made traveling easier.
-Latin America was not directly involved in WWI except for Brazil.
-Latin America suffered during WWI due to the disruption of trade during the war.
After watching the video, it was interesting to learn about how World War I affected Latin America. In school, I have never learned much about Latin America’s participation in WWI or WWII, and I guess I know why now. In addition, I now understand why populism and socialism grew so popular in Latin America as all the hardships that people living in Argentina had to endure because of a war that was happening in Europe. It was disheartening hearing about how Latin America was basically changing imperial masters too. From the Spanish, to the British, and finally to the Americans who were propping up dictators in these countries.
the comment is from Alvin Liu
Omar Malik
Notes:
-Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in the Americas with their aggressive behavior
-British products came back into the market
-Britain was just as, if not more imperious, than Spain
-More technological and industrial power
-Political thoughts changed
-Thoughts about bringing about social equality flooded the minds of everyone after colonialism
-The economy completely changed with the formation of major corporations
-Latin America joined the world market
-World War I impacted both participating countries as well as non participating countries
Comments:
This video definitely intrigued me. I was amazed at how everything completely changed. It was definitely tine for the people to realize that utopian societies had to be built after years of inequality. It was relieving to know positive change was happening rapidly after years of violent conquest and warfare.
-19th century
-Latin America after independence, Brazil, Argentine, Venezuela, and all the countries that weren’t on the map emerged
About military dictatorships and 20th century
Britain replaced Spain as the main presence
Britain maintained their presence for several decades
By trading with Britain (superior technological power in the world) they hoped to build their country from scratch
With raw material leaving the continent and manufactured goods produced went back into the market. With them only manufacturing their products at home, it would mean that knowledge isn’t going out. This means that you are doomed to fall apart.
Around 1850 things changed a bit when the US rose as an industrial power. After the civil war, they finally came together as a country. The US became a profitable trading partner.
When you’re in the position of choosing an economic partner you can choose who to export items to.
Latin America was more interested in the US’s technology because they couldn’t get that from Britain.
How can an egalitarian society get to quality
Industrial Agriculture Became a thing
The clear consequences always hurt the poor and weaker people.
At the end of the 19th-century technology exploded with the way of life becoming more convenient like the railroad.
Their perception of time and space changed when more inventions came out, like when they rode on the train because speed changed everything.
Steamboat, refrigeration, was another invention. Electricity began to spread out around the world.
They were struggling more economically than politically.
There was a start of nationalist ideals.
The tension between the US and Latin American groups
Connecting to the reading again I’m still amazed that Latin America would still fight against the United States after they helped them so much. Didn’t they know that if they fought against America it would cause them more problems because there would be a chance that America would stop helping them? I understand how they felt with the case with new inventions. When you see something completely different from what has been in everyday life. Like when smartphones came out and there wasn’t a clickable number pad. But even now society is constantly changing, like in Asia where you can take a single train across the entire continent.
Amanda Ng
Notes:
-what we know today of Latin America was after independence
-the Britains replaced Spain as the main European presence
-around the 1850s, the rise of the U.S. industrial power
-after the civil war there was an explosion of technological advancement
-With their emerging power, Latin America could choose their trade partners and decide who to get exports from and who to trade with
-the political scene shifted to the right of open market
-small businesses could not thrive on an international level
-time sped up due to new inventions so things could be done faster
-late 19th-century technological innovations changed the face of the world by improving quality of life
-the war was a huge disruption in trade
-inflation occurred and prices of basic commodities skyrocketed
-many died of starvation due to the high prices
-nationalist movements and tension rose
-there was anger directed towards the U.S. and the leftist
Comments:
After the reading and the video, I found it shocking how Latin America could change so much with its highs and lows. It was interesting to learn how Latin America changed with all the metropolitan and new technological advancements. It’s very fortunate that we have such a fast-paced environment now that makes things easier and improves the quality of life but sometimes it’s hard when you can’t catch up. I can only imagine how the shift must have been for those people who got to experience those inventions for the first time. The U.S. was also heavily involved with Latin American relations and I wonder how they solved their tensions.
Hymie Israel
Notes:
Latin America after independence with Brazil, Argentine, Venezuela, Peru
Britain maintained power as the superpower for decades
In the 1850’s the US started to rise as a power and become a source for manufactured goods
In the 19th century open market and free trade was implemented
Technological advancements like steamboats, refrigerator
Latin America was mostly neutral in the world wars
Latin America was heavily effected economically by the world wars because of the disruption of trade and inflation
Tension between US and leftist groups promoting Nationalism in Latin America
Comments:
After watching the video, you realize how Latin America is forced to just follow the way of the world and aren’t being the ones making the change. We always hear the advancements from the perspective of Europe or the United States never from Latin America. It’s always interesting to hear how events in the world contribute to Latin America because we never usually hear from their point of view.
Ke Han Yu
– The British rose to prominence in the 19th century.
– It mainly replaced Spain as the dominant power in the Americas
– Despite being independent, the Latin American countries lack many of the scientific development that will allow them to take off.
– It was only until the rise of the United States that technology started to advance rapidly in the Americas
– Many of the Latin American countries turn to the United States as an economic partner, rather than Britain
– Capitalism took off in Latin America
– Many companies established a foothold in Latin America
– Latin America was similar to the United States at this time. The country was heavily dominated by corporations
– This will make it extremely hard for small businesses to thrive
– These transportation advancements (such as railroads and steam boats) connected the world together. It is now easier than ever to travel to one distance to another.
– With the world now being connected, more and more people took it as an opportunity to move to the cities.
– Many Latin American countries did not see themselves as independent, as they are still dependent on European countries for goods and services
– This will see a huge leftist movement in Latin America. Huge hate towards the United States.
Comments: Latin America was dealt a very bad hand. When the United States gained its independence, it didn’t heavily rely on any single country. It eventually grew to become a powerful nation that had others depend on it than the other way around. Latin America however, became independent at the worse possible time, a time where capitalism and the free market was growing rapidly. This made it so that established corporations were able to take hold in Latin America. In a sense, Latin America still has not gained its independence.
Alice Gonzalez
Notes:
-Independence mid 20th century
-Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in America -during the independence war
-19th century Britain maintained a presence
-countries gained independence from Spain
-Spain continued to trade with Britain
-saw Britain as a superior of technological power and industrial power
-wanted to import technology, science, and knowledge, to build a new country from scratch
-did not turn out well – no technology no knowledge – doomed to fall behind
-middle of 19th century
-changed-rise of the united states as an industrial power
– after the civil war the U.S came together as one country
-explosion of technological advancements – made it a desired and profitable trading partner for Latin American countries
-Latin American was interested in technology and ways of improving infrastructure -Britain didn’t provide that for them -turned to the U.S
-political scene shifted -entered an era in Latin America known as the colonial era
-colonialism -how to form egalitarian society -how to care for small businesses owners and underdog
-second half of the 19th century -the political scene shifted right -now ideas of open market and free trade took hold
-big companies took over lands and industrial took over
-Latin America becomes similar to the U.S in the sense of being ruled over by big corporations
-all protective measures for farmers and rural eras they were left and Latin America joined the world market
-explosion of technology -railroad, steamboat, refrigerator
-Latin America was not directly involved in the world war
-war-affected Latin America economic rather than politically -disruption in trade -caused inflation
-result people started to think that their way of life wasn’t sustainable -relying on other people for goods
-beginning of nationalist movements
-anger to the U.S as a colonizer
Personal Thoughts:
This video allowed me to gain knowledge of the terrible decisions Latin America had decided to take throughout its history. After listening to this lesson I would conclude that the influence of the U.S and its technological advancements had pushed Latin America to ditch its original plans. Ditching the plan to create an egalitarian society had brought Latin America to its downfall. Due to the lack of ability to actively support their people while allowing big corporations to rule. By not allowing the voice of working-class people to make an influence, big corporations were able to influence Latin America to their desire. Therefore, due to this video, I have come to the conclusion that due to Latin America’s urgency to become technologically advanced they had abandoned the needs of their people.
Julie Guo
Notes:
– Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in the Americas
– They continued to trade with Britain
– Latin America relationship with Britain was the same as their relationship with Spain – even more exploitive
– Explosion of technological advancement in the US made it a desirable and profitable trading partner for Latin American countries
– US and Latin American countries saw each other as potential allies because they share a colonial history
– Latin American countries were interested in technology and ways of improving their infrastructure
– Political scene shifted in the 1850s
– At first, they wanted to form an egalitarian society and how to bring equality
– Second half of the 19th century, with the influence of the US the political scene shifted right, ideas of open market and free trade took hold
– After 1870-1910, Latin America becomes very similar to the US where corporations rule the economy
– Small businesses are affected by the shift because they can’t thrive on an international level
– Railroads and steamboats were a huge development
– What use to take 3-5 days to travel now take 3 hours
– Metropolitans areas become popular again
– Latin America was natural during the war but they were affected economically
– Prices skyrocketed due to inflation
– Start of nationalist movements because they did not want to be dependent on other countries
– Tensions between Latin American leftist groups and the US
Comment:
This week’s video was really interesting because there was a lot of new information that I learned. One thing in particular that I found interesting was the economic/political influence of the United States in Latin American countries. Although it was sad to hear how small businesses were affected by the economic and political shift. Also, this was my first time hearing about the impact World War had on Latin America. Even though they stayed out of it and remained neutral, they were still negatively impacted by it.
Joseph Guedalia
Notes:
– Britain maintained its presence in the Americas
– Relationship between Britain and Latin America was essentially the same as the relationship that Spain had with Latin America: stripped the continent of their raw material
– Latin America had no choice but to use the U.S. for help after Britain did not provide for them in the way it needed
– At the end of the 1800s the political scene shifted to the right and free-market trade took hold, all the protection for farmers were lifted
– Big companies formed, killing small businesses
– Technology boomed, people could move about so much more conveniently
– Railroads improved the continent in a major way, especially for trade
– Metropolitan areas were created cities became popular and they grew bigger and bigger
– Countries began to realize that depending on other countries is not as good as producing it yourself, nationalism became popular
– People began having anger towards the US because they were seen as the new world power and major colonizing force
Comments:
I thought the most fascinating part of the video is that Nationalism really started due to Economic strategy. In today’s world, people often view Nationalists as such an evil group of people and an evil concept. But after this video you realize, in reality, you want to root for your family and your team. It also clearly removes the middle man from your trading. Fewer middlemen mean fewer costs which means more profit for you.
11/8/21
Randy Huynh notes on Military Dictatorship
-Timeframe: 19th century
-Britain was Spain’s replacement in terms of European presence in the Americas
-In theory, by trading with Britain (superior industrial power), the countries in the Americas could have built their country with extra help.
-However, Britain was more exploitative. Raw materials from the Latin American countries were sent to Britain to manufacture. Similar to open veins
-During 1850’s, the emergence of the United States as an industrial power. After the U.S. was unified after the civil war, their industrial capability boomed and they became a viable option of trade for the Latin American countries
-Shift in the political scene. Enter into the New Colonial Era. Political scene shifted to the right. The Free Market took hold.
-Phasing out small farmers and businesses, corporations and big companies began moving in and started dominating.
-Leaps in technological advances: railroads, steamboats, refrigeration, electricity. Vastly improved quality of life. Changed the face of the world.
-Emergence of urban areas, Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aries,etc. Population boom in this metropolitan centers
-Latin America was relatively neutral during WW1 with exception of Brazil which declared war on Germany
-Slowing down trade due to the riskiness of moving goods by boat. German u-boats patrolling European waters. Leads to skyrocketing prices for common goods. People die of starvation as a result.
-Nationalist Movement. Latin America realizes that the dependence on Europe was not going to work out for them because they are at the mercy of whatever happens over there.
Comment:
To respond to the topic of Nationalism, I also believe the Spanish Civil War(1936-1939) is worth mentioning. It was fought in spain between the Republicans and the Nationalists. The Republicans were backed by Mexico and they desired a new economic order that can be compared to Marxism and the Nationalists wanted to oppose that. We understand that Spain is in a bad place economically and politically due to losing its colonies overseas and being essentially replaced by Britain in terms of industrial power. Working class was suffering a lot and that was an opportunity for communism to spread. The War was eventually won by the Nationalists and Spain went under facist rule under Fransisco Franco all the way to his death. I feel like this is important event to mention and connect to what we learn in this video because we see some of the similar things happening in Latin America as well. The economic struggle, the shifts in political scene and also the rise of nationalistic sentiment. It should be known that at the time, the Latin American governments such as Colombia, Brazil and Chile sympathized more with the Nationalists in Spain.
Nur Rahman
Notes:
-Latin American Countries got their independence and now are on the map
-Britain replaced Spain as a European presence
-When independence wars settled down, trading continued with Britain
-Britain was superior industrially, technologically, and in science
-Relationship between Spain and Latin America is the same with Britain but more exploitive
-The raw material would go out of the continent to Britain and manufactured goods would come into the Latin American market
-In 1850, The US rise in industrialization and came together as one country then there was an explosive amount of technological advancements, and Latin America saw the US as an ally and viewed them as a new trade option
-The US was more interested in technology and improving its infrastructure unlike Britain so Latin America turned to the US
-The political scene shifted and New colonial era occurred in Latin America where egalitarian society, people bringing equality and care for small businesses shifted into colonialism, where people are controlled by one power
-open market and free trade was dominant and the ideas of supporting farmers, small business owners, and people in rural areas were out of the picture and the focus shifted to industrial agriculture
-Invalid balance of power and small businesses can thrive when international business occurs
-At the end of the 19th century, the railroad was one of the biggest technological shifts
Comment:
It’s interesting how everything slowly changed as Latin America was developing. They are finally prospering but it occurred because of the demand of Europeans who wanted Latin American products which shifted to the US. Trade is so powerful and allows the countries to prosper. As Latin America was industrializing, there were so many new technological advancements and an imbalance of power because there was now free trade and open markets which were international. This caused small businesses and rural workers to struggle because big companies and monopolies began to form. This caused a rise in industrializations which shook up the social norms because people began moving into cities for better lifestyles. I find history repeating itself here because the Indigenous moved to Spain for better lives they were treated as inferior people and the same thing happened with people who were farmers and small business owners because many died of starvation due to inflation.
Clarissa Reynolds
Notes:
-In the 19th century britain maintained its presence in the Americas
-Trading with britain
-Latin America turned to the US
-Second half of 19th century:
-Free market trade took hold
-Big companies formed–small ones failed
-Technology made for convenience
-Railroads changed trade
-Cities grew
From the reading and the video I learned how Latin America had to follow along with larger nations especially when it comes to trade and technology advancements. With the US being one of the most advanced nations, the less advanced strived to be like it. Latin America was really vulnerable at this time because they could easily be taken advantage of by the more advanced nations.
Norbert Kopec
Notes:
– Britain replaced Spain as main European presence in the Americas
– In 19th century, Britain maintained its presence for several decades
– The idea was that trading with Britain, a superior technological and industrial power, would allow them to build their countries from scratch and advance
– The United States began to rise as industrial power in the world especially after the Civil War which made it a desired and profitable trading partner for Latin America
– Looked at U.S. as potential ally due to similar colonial background
– Chose to turn to U.S. in hopes of trading to improve technologically which Britain had not been helping them with
– The political scene shifted creating an era known as the new colonial era
– Mindset shifted to the right towards the idea of free market and trade rather than focusing on the small businesses which created big businesses and corporations
– A technological explosion occurred in advancements that benefited the quality of life (ex: railroad, refrigeration, electricity)
– Metropolitan areas again became popular
– Came to the realization that the dependency on other nations’ goods and economies is not sustainable
Comment:
It is interesting to see the course of action which was taken in hopes of improving technologically in their own nations. First, they hoped that trading with Britain which was a superior technological and industrial power would help but then later switched over to the United States as trade with Britain wasn’t benefitting them as they hoped. I’m glad and interested to see that there was a point where they came to the realization that dependency on other nations’ goods and economies was not sustainable as it could have led them to be even more technologically behind in the long run if they continued it. I was also interested to hear about how there was a technological explosion which occurred that affected the quality of life. With access to so many things and services today we don’t even think about just how impactful and life changing those things and services are.
Nigya Thapa
Professor Amir Ahmadi
LTS 1003
November 8th, 2021
Military Dictatorship
– Britain still continued trade. Trading with Britain was advantageous because they were an industrialized powerhouse.
– The relationship that Latin America had with Spain was the same relationship they had with Britain, maybe even more exploited.
– As long as there is a system, as long as they are the source of raw material, they are doomed to be left behind.
– In the middle of the nineteenth century, things changed a bit.
– The rise of the United States as an industrialized powerhouse, not on the same level as European powerhouses.
After the Civil War, the U.S. came together as a powerhouse and they became a powerhouse as well.
– Latin America looked at the U.S. as an ally considering they were both colonies and shared a common background.
– Another change was the political scene, the New-Colonial Era. ( name in Latin America)
– Latin America was not interested in World War, they did not want to be involved.
The war-affected them economically more than politically because trade was decreased significantly
That severely affected the economy.
Comments: The video went into an in-depth explanation that gave way for more reasoning for the article itself. It was interesting to learn more about America and its involvement with Latin America. It was informative when understanding that Latin America faced many hardships considering that it was trying to modernize. I also think that Latin America could’ve made more changes and advancements if they had a better relationship with Britain. I think they should’ve had a different relationship than they had with Spain.
Ricky Chen
Notes
-Britain maintained its presence for several decades due to their superior technological power
-Britain thought it could build new countries through its colonies but it did not turn out well
-The United States began to rise in power in the 19th century, after the Civil War with an explosion of technological advancement
-Latin American countries began to look at the United States for trade and as a potential ally
-Latin America enters the new Colonial era and a free market where big companies began to form, taking over lands and agriculture
-Latin America began getting dominated by corporations and there were no more protections for the farmers and small business owners
-Railroads, steamboats, refrigeration were some of these technological advancements that changed the world in the late 19th century
-Metropolitan areas in Latin America began booming due to the new technologies and changes in city life
-Many of the Latin American countries stayed out of the World War but they were economically affected due to the lack of trade
-There was inflation on basic commodities when the war starts and now people were unable to afford many goods
-People began to realize that relying on Europe was burdening them and there was now a sense of nationalism that emerged
-The leftist side of Latin America now had tension with the US
Comments
It is interesting to learn about the growth and foundation of Latin America because they are not usually covered in most history classes. I did not know that Latin America began to adopt the free market and how it changed Latin American Society. Also, I got to learn about how Latin America was affected by the World War despite not partaking in the war. Mostly in history classes, the main focus would be on the world superpowers and not the smaller nations like those in Latin America.
Sanduni Samarasinghe
Notes:
-South America is now taking shape as we know it right now: 19th Century
-Britain replaced Spain as the main presence in the Americas
-There was an explosion of technology on this side of the world
-This was a good trading option with the Europes, they started looking at them as allies
-The political scene shifts to the right a little
-Big companies started to form and started taking over lands and other small businesses
-This caused a shift in the economy as well
-During the late 19th century technology was an amazing thing, nothing of how we think of it now; it was a big change to them
-Steamboats, refrigerators, trains, and electricity were all new and different things that changed the face of the world
-Because of these new technologies Metropolitan areas became more popular again
– This was all up to the first world war.
-Latin America wasn’t directly involved in the war other than Brazil because of its connection to the US, all the other countries stayed neutral
-It affected them economically more than politically, this was because the war was a huge disruption to the trade
-Ships couldn’t leave or travel anywhere which really affected the economy here
-Prices of sugar and rice rises; we go into inflation
-People are forced to starve because they aren’t able to afford food
-A lot of anger is towards the US
Comments:
This really shows how unfortunate Latin America was. They were being ruled by such awful people but then after gaining independence it didn’t get better for them. Even though they weren’t part of the war, it still affected them tremendously. Not being able to afford food, being forced to starve, and even dying were some of the things they had to deal with because the world was at war and they were able to reach goods. I didn’t really learn about these aspects of the World War in school so its interesting to be learning about a different aspect of the war and how it affected people who weren’t even involved.
Noshin Ahmed
Notes:
-19th century, Latin America after independence
-After independence, countries started to form.
-Britan replaced Spain as the European presence in Latin America, and it maintained its presence in Latin America for several decades.
-After their independence, they continued to trade with Britain, but the relationship they had with Britain was the same as the one they had with Spain because Britain was also taking the raw material out of the continent.
-In the 1850s, there was an explosion of technological advancement in the USA.
– The technological advancement of the USA made it a profitable trading partner and a good ally for Latin American counties.
-Latin America turned to the United States.
-The political scene shifted as well into the New Colonial Era.
-Ideas of open market and free trade took hold.
-Farmers and small businesses started to lose their support.
-Big companies started to form and take over lands, causing industrial agriculture to happen.
-Started to become like the United States and joined the world market.
-Regular people, people who lived in rural areas, and small businesses had to suffer the consequence of the free market.
-Railroads were the biggest technological advancement.
-Steamboats and refrigerators were also big inventions that affected people greatly.
-Electricity started to spread around the world as well.
-These technological advancements changed people’s way of life and the world.
-Metropolitan areas became popular again, and more areas started to emerge.
-World War one affected Latin America economically because trade was becoming hard.
-The war caused inflation by raising the price of daily commodities.
-people started to die of starvation because they couldn’t afford anything.
-People realized that depending on other people’s good, will keep them enslaved, and this realization causes nationalist movement to form.
-People were angry with the United States
-Tension between the United States and the leftist groups emerged.
Comments:
I found it interesting to learn about how the situation in Latin America changed over time after their independence. I found it very sad how even though they gained independence from Spain, they were still treated the same way by Britain. I also found it interesting to see how technology affected Latin America. For example, it caused the formation of big companies and the downfall of small businesses. I found it intriguing to learn about how the war had affected Latin America and caused the Latin American people to be angry with the United States.
Tercia Dobrzynski
Military Dictatorship Notes:
– Britain replaced Spain as the main European presence in the Americas
– The rise of the United States as an industrial power of the world made it a desirable and profitable trading partner for Latin American countries
– The political scene in the Americas shifted right, Latin America entered what was known as the new colonial era; the idea of the open market and free trade took hold
– The explosion of technology, such as the railroad and the steamboat, also changed the society of Latin America
– These technological innovations changed the idea of time and space
– Metropolitan areas became the main centers of public life, once again, at the end of the 19th century because of the technological advances
– In the First World War, Latin America was not directly involved, however the war affected them economically because it resulted in a huge disruption of trade
– The most notable impact of this was inflation, prices of basic commodities went up drastically overnight, resulting in hunger and droughts among the people
– The end of the war led to more ideas of nationalism movements and tension between leftist groups and the United States
Comment:
Comparing the technological advancement of the railroad to the Internet was interesting to think about. Today, we see how much the internet drastically affects our society and how much it has changed the way we communicate and live. This seems like a huge change, but when put into perspective against the advancements in travel such as the railroad and steamboat, I am able to see how much more meaningful that advancement must have been. The mentioning of the shift in perception of space and time that these advancements caused was something I never thought about before.
Alejandro Romero
Notes:
-Around the beginning of the 20th century many modern day countries we are familiar with today were established.
-Great Britain quickly became the sole European influence in Latin America after the downfall of the Spanish empire.
-Many Latin American countries sought out to implement many technological advances the British were using into their own newly found nations.
-It quickly became evident that the relationship between Britain and Latin America would be almost the same as the one with the Spanish.
-They would be exploited for their raw materials so they can be manufactured elsewhere, prohibiting them from reaping the benefits.
-After the American civil war the U.S. had great technological advancements which made it a desirable trading partner.
-This made them an intriguing option for Latin America as they saw a nation with similar colonial history as a potential ally.
-As Latin American countries shifted towards more free market capitalist values, this caused many of the farmers’ rights and protections to be terminated.
-By 1910 it was very similar to the U.S. in terms of corporate domination.
-Creation of the railroad also was very groundbreaking at the time as it drastically decreased travel times.
-Interestingly big cities flourished again similar to pre conquest metropolises as city life became much more favorable due to new technology.
-WW1 indirectly affected most of Latin America as it slowed down international trade taking a toll on the economy and causing mass famine.
-Many then began to question this method of reliance on other nations as it would almost always keep Latin America from developing on their own.
-Thus sparking the rise of many nationalist based movements.
Comments:
Unfortunately suffering and oppression seems to constantly be a major factor in the history of Latin America. While successfully escaping Spanish rule they would then be put under indirect British rule and eventually after being free of both would undergo severe famine in WW1 due to how dependent they had become on foreign trade. These many circumstances can offer great insight as to why many nationalist movements were so critical in creating a self sufficient and self reliant form of government as they had grown sick of being exploited and governed by other countries while never getting to prosper from the rewards.