29 thoughts on “Dictatorship 2”
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Latin America: A Survey of History and Culture – Fall 2021
A Blogs@Baruch site
Latin America: A Survey of History and Culture – Fall 2021
A Blogs@Baruch site
Comments are closed.
Julia Pedersen
Notes:
Different countries have different experiences with colonialism.
Argentina- one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America
Played a role similar to the one France played in Europe. In the 20th century, Argentina was the center of ideas and the place where new political ideas were being experimented.
The most popular figures from Latin America during the 20th century were from Argentina.
There was a lot of back and forth between the extreme right and the extreme left after the independence wars.
This pattern has been seen elsewhere in the continent. Economic prosperity leads to inflation, the collapse, and then a revolution. To bring the country back on its feet, there is a period of prosperity, until the next economic stagnation. This causes radical movements to occur and it is very notable in Latin America during the 20th century.
Socialists came to power. People wanted to distribute the power among the working people, such as small business owners, and to get the big corporations out of the social order.
Sometimes, in order to help the poor, they lose track of the big picture. The government did not take into account that the army was powerful.
The first coup is in 1930. 1930 coincides with the Great Depression in the U.S. and a lot of countries in Latin America heavily depended on the economy of America, therefore they were affected.
The socialist government is overthrown. The new president is a right wing, fascist, military guy. He was supported by big companies and the unites states. He kept radicals from participating in the elections and he was the blueprint of fascist leaders.
Economically, he shifted towards the British after many years of being close with America, since the British couldn’t influence their politics that much.
The military presidents came to power in the 40s.
The Second World War posed a new challenge because the president was stuck. The military officers of Argentina sympathized with Germany during the war, but the company had close ties with Britain. If the president declared war on the allies, he would alienate trade with the other countries.
He declared war on Germany to maintain the support of Britain and America, otherwise they would economically collapse.
This made the military leaders mad and they had a coup that got the president out of power.
Peron comes about now- he was from the workers class. His name is tied with populasism- he is a mix of the right and the left.
He supported the unions and gave workers loans with very low interest.
He did not tolerate free press and was not a liberal figure. He had strong socialist actions to his politics.
Note the pattern- politics swings between the left and right. There was no middle ground and that hurt everything in Argentina.
Personal comments:
Learning about Argentina during the 20th century made me realize how important it is to have that middle ground so every political decision is not an extreme one, since both sides will have right and wrong views. If there is a mix, there is a better chance for fair democracy. I also found it interesting how the World War affected Argentina, as I had not previously known that. This is also the first time I’m learning about coups. I knew what they were, but seeing them in this history (and how many times they happening in Argentina) makes me realize how having a better democracy would prevent this.
– Argentina and South America were similar to France in Europe
– Political ideas were experimented and many popular political figures came out of Argentina
– Argentina’s politics are very similar to that of the other countries in South America
– Argentina flipped between extreme right and left in the years after independence
– Economic prosperity, than inflation, than political outrage lead to radical movements
– Socialists came into power in the 20th century
– Radical movements didn’t take into account armies when trying to overthrow
– In 1930 the socialists government is overthrown and a man in uniform is president for the first time (supported by U.S. and other companies)
– Fascist leader, shifted toward Britain for economic reasons, better partner
– Argentinian military officers sided with Germany but their economy needed the support of Britain and the U.S., led to a coup
– Perron is tied with populism, mixed with elements from the right and left, dictatorial and didn’t tolerate free press
– Didn’t believe in Liberalism but was very socialist
– Split political beliefs hurt the economy and society
–
I found the point you made at the end to be very true. A country divided politically cannot be productive which leads to worse economies and social interactions. I also found the idea of a cycle to be interesting. Learning in APUSH taught me a similar idea which proves how no matter how strong a country may be or may think they are, they are still subject to universal ideas and laws.
Ke Han Yu
Notes
– Argentina is one of the largest countries in South America. It played a similar role in its region to what France did in Europe
– It can be considered the center of political beliefs in Latin America
– In fact, one of the most popular Latin American leaders came out of Argentina
– Argentina, like many other Latin American countries, went through a back and forth of political ideologies
– An economic boom usually follows an economic downturn.
– During an economic downturn, new radical ideas started to rise. Repeat these many times
– During the 20th century, the socialists were the radicals
– The socialists were tired of inequality. They wanted to get foreign corporations out
– At this time, the military became more and more powerful
– The 1930s (The Great Depression, which was heavily influenced by the collapse of the American economy) saw a coup.
– The socialist government was overthrown by the military
– The new president kept radicals from participating in democracy
– He cracked down on freedom of speech.
– Argentina started to lean towards the British, away from the Americans,
– Lots of other military presidents came to power at this time.
– During WW2, Argentina was sympathetic to Germany but heavily reliant of America and Britain
– Argentina declared war against Germany regardless towards the end of the war
– This made the Argentinian Generals very angry however, leading to another coup
– Perron was able to take advantage of the chaos and gained power
– Perron was from the working class, so there were many elements of populism
– He had ideas from the left and right
– He was also very dictatorial
– He also has socialist ideals
– Perron’s ideas worked very well for Argentina. He was very popular and stayed in power for a long time
Comments:
Argentina’s story is an example of political instability and poor implementation of democracy. I believe a country must first see unity before democracy can be tried. The United States started off as weak and disunited, but eventually, a strong American identity emerged which allowed democracy to flourish. I believe that without national unity, democracy will never succeed in a country. Argentina was unfortunately just one of those countries that were extremely divided.
-Argentina is one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America.
-Argentina was the center of ideas and a place where new political ideas were experimented and new voices came out.
-Popular figures of Latin America and the 20th Century were Argentinas.
-Argentina, like the rest of the continent, was doing a back and forth between extreme rights and extreme left after the independence wars.
-The pattern was similar to other places in the continent. In every period of economic prosperity it leads to a moment of inflation or an economic collapse then after that a radical movement emerges.
-This pattern is very noticeable in the 20th century and it was shown through Latin America.
-Socialists would come to power in the 20th century.
-Socialists wanted to distribute the power among the working people like small business owners and kind of get rid of the big corporations.
-In the process of helping the poor, they tend to lose the big picture. Which in this case was the army.
-The government did not take into account how the army was becoming more powerful.
-In 1930, there was a first coup and it coincided with the Great Depression and a lot of countries in Latin America were affected because of how dependent they were on America.
-Socialist government is overthrown and for the first time the men in uniform become presidents in Argentina.
-The new president was a fascist, a right wing who was supported by the big companies and U.S.
-He kept the radical from participating in the elections and he was like the blueprint of fascist leaders.
-Economically, he shifted towards the British people even though there was a close relationship with the Americans for decades. He decided that the British would be the better partner since the British would not be able to influence their politics that much.
-The second world war posed a new challenge because the president was stuck.
-The military officers were sympathetic to Germany during the war but the country was dependent on Britain.
-The president could not declare war on the allies because then he would alienate the trade with the other countries.
-He declared war on Germany and to maintain support of Britain And U.S. Without them their economy would collapse.
-It made the generals in the army angry and they had a coup that got him out of power.
-Peron became president which led to a new era.
-His name was tied to populism and an interesting mix of right and the left.
-He enjoyed support among the working class and launched a welfare program and supported the unions and gave them loans with very low interest.
-He was very dictatorial and did not tolerate the free press.
-He was not a liberal figure and did not believe in the principles of liberalism but he had strong socialist aspects to his politics.
-He stayed in power for a long time because of his aspects of right and left work in Argentina.
Comments:
When you are looking back at the history of Latin America it became evident that they did not know how to lead. This was mainly because of colonialism because they were always being controlled from other countries where the people there had no power. So when they set apart and had to find their own way it only made it difficult for them because it was clearly shown through Argentina. The people in the country were confused and politically had different ideas from each other to the point that they had different sets of thoughts. It makes sense as to why the place was having a hard time finding itself politically and when they had a president like Peron it was obvious to the reader why he was popular among the people. This is mainly because he was a healthy mix of the people’s thoughts and was doing good for Argentina.
-Parneet Kaur
Omar Malik
Notes:
-Argentina is one of the largest and one of the most populous South American countries
-Argentina was the center political ideas and had many people with different perspectives
-Many famous figures who were looked up to such as Diego Maradona were Argentinian
-Military dictatorship played a huge role in Argentina
-Political ideologies were being tested
-Radical movement resulted from inflation
-Reformists invested money to help issues related to the economy
-Socialists came to power
-Socialists are also known as radicals
-Small business owners wanted to get big corporations out of the political structure because they felt the big corporations were affecting their businesses, due to the differences in size/revenue
-The army was gaining power at an alarming rate
-1930 coincides with the Great Depression
-Argentina was heavily dependent on the US economy, leading to Argentinians getting impacted negatively by the Great Depression
-Socialist government was overthrown
-Radicals were prevented from participating in the elections by a man with the mindset of a Fascist
-Military presidents came to power in Argentina
-World War II significantly affected Argentina negatively
-Ramirez was the president of Argentina at the time
-Military officers were sympathetic towards Germany
-Ramirez declared war on Germany to maintain support for USA
-Argentina’s economy probably would’ve collapsed if they lost support from USA
Comments:
I found it really interesting that Argentina depended on the US so much. I wasn’t surprised at learning Argentina had USA’s support, but I was surprised when I learned that Argentina was basically NOTHING without USA from an economic perspective. I was intrigued at the fact that one country’s economy could severely impact another’s. As for military dictatorship, I couldn’t imagine how Argentina was dealing with it, especially when it came to President Ramirez deciding on what to do after he got stuck in a situation.
I agree that it’s really interesting to see how one country could be so dependent on another country to the point where their economy suffers when the other countries economy suffers. This shows how dependency can be valuable and inevitable in some cases but also detrimental when things go wrong.
– Norbert Kopec
-They all had a different experience from each other, Mexicans, Brazilians, etc.
-Argentina is one of the largest and most populated countries.
-Latin America is divided among many countries
-Argentina was the center of ideas where new political ideas were being tested.
-Many Argentinians were practically worshipped.
-Second presidency of Peron, radical times.
-Argentina had a lot of conflict between the extreme right and left.
-Every moment of prosperity leads to inflation and it repeats over and over again.
-During these times there were people angry with those in power.
Radical movements begin to emerge, socialists came to power
-They prioritized small store business owners and in the process they lost the big picture.
-Latin America was heavily dependent on the U.S. economy and when they collapsed Latin America took advantage of that.
-When the socialists were overthrown, it was made so the radicals couldn’t vote, and the press was limited.
-After many decades of close relationship with the US they shifted toward the British.
-World War 2 posed a challenge to the county, the military officers were sympathetic to Germany, but they were heavily reliant on the British officers.
-There was a brief period of chaos after a coup.
-Juan Peron was colonel of the army and he became President after the chaos.
-There was a welfare program for the working class, where they were treated very well.
-He had very strong socialists aspects and borrowed ideas from both the right and left.
It’s surprising that people were against Peron even though he supported the working class. It truly makes you think you can’t just fully support one side or the other will rebel. You can see that Peron was seen as trustworthy in the beginning when he was voted as president after a period of chaos. I’m also amazed that Argentina took advantage of the time when the U.S. was failing. I would think that they would also be worried because they were so heavily reliant on the U.S. But rather they sided with Britain.
By Alvin Liu,
Notes:
– Argentina is the most populated country in Latin America.
– Played a similar role like France in Europe.
-Most of the important figures in Latin America in 20th century are Argentinian.
– 3 stages of a countries economy: Economic growth and wealth, then rising inflation, and the rise of radical movements.
– Socialists came to power in Argentina.
-Great Depression in the U.S lead to economic collapse of countries in the U.S’s economic circle.
-Military coups in Argentina lead to fascism in the country.
-During the second World War, many military officials were sympathetic to Germany, but were economic dependent on U.S and British.
-Argentina eventually declared war on Germany.
-Peron became the president of Argentina and became increasingly popular. He was right-winged but had socialists views.
While watching the video, I felt really bad for Argentina because if I remember, Argentina was one the wealthiest country in the world. However, due decades of military coups, mismanagement, and economic and political instability cause Argentina to experience massive inflation. It also explains why many people in Argentina supported Peron due to his message of increased wage and jobs to the people. People in Argentina were so tired of the bleak economic strength of Argentina that they would vote for someone who promised them something different. It is sad that Argentina isn’t the only country that experiences instability due to military coups.
Hymie Israel
Notes:
Argentina is the largest country in South America
New political ideas came out of Argentina
Three step cycle: economic prosperity, stagnation, inflation
Socialists wanted to distribute power to working class and business owners
First coup in the 1930’s and this affected many Latin American countries because they were so dependent on America
New president was a fascist who was supported by big companies and U.S.
Peron became very close to the working class and the union
Populism- a party that is for the people and against “the establishment”
Comments:
Always interesting to see how major events such as the World Wars effect these other countries that we are not normally taught about. Most of these countries seem to never have a stable and consistent leadership, it seems to be always switching.
Anabel Fernandez
– When talking about colonialism, the Mexicans, Chileans, and Brazilians each have a different story to tell.
– Argentina was the most populated country in Soth America.
-It was the center of political ideas that were being experimented on.
-Most popular figures in the century were Argentineans. They were almost worshipped throughout the continent.
-The pattern shown in history is that every period of economic prosperity leads to a movement of inflation or economic collapse. After that, a radical movement emerges.
The 3 steps of the repeating cycle follow:
1. Economic reformists come to power. They fix the economy by exporting and importing the right commodities and technologies. They bring the economy back on its feet. This creates sudden inflation of population.
2. Economic stagnation where there is an inflation of prices.
3. people are angered with those in power. Radical movements emerge and populism becomes popular.
Radicals are socialists who wanted to distribute the power to working people like small business owners. Their goal was to remove big corporations from political and economic structures. radicals did not have a view of the big picture. Their plans were not thorough. They focused on helping people in the short term but it did not last in the long run. Radicals were blinded by their anger and did not take enough time to process the best method to address the issues of the government. An issue included the first coup in the 1930s. Since Argentina was heavily dependent on the U.S. economy when the Great Depression occurred the economy collapsed. The military in Argentina took advantage of this and they grew in power. If Argentina was not so dependent on the U.S., they would not have suffered as greatly as they did. Having ties with them also brought conflict to president Ramirez during the second world war. he was sympathetic to Germany, yet he could not declare war on the allies as he would alienate the axis and vice versa. Since the economy would collapse without America and Britain, Ramirez was forced to declare war on Germany. Thus, a country relying on another can be risky and the consequences are colossal.
Amanda Ng
Notes:
-Argentina is the most populated country in Latin America and has the most interesting political history
-the most well-known figures were Argentinians
-Argentina did a lot of back and forth with the extreme left and right
-ideologies were being tested
-3-step repeating cycle: economic success, inflation, radical movement
-socialists came to power
-first coup in 1930 which coincides with the Great Depression
-socialist government is overthrown
-the president chose to declare war with Germany to maintain support from the U.S. and Britain because if not, Argentina would economically collapse
-this made the military angry, hence coup and got him out of power
-Peron is now in power and he is a mix of the left and right
-very dictatorial, not liberal, socialist
-there is an absence of a middle ground and Argentina suffered a lot
Comments:
This week’s reading and video were really interesting because we got to focus on one country which was Argentina. Their economical and political instability really backs up the claim that when there is no middle ground, the country will suffer. I found it shocking how they kept going back and forth with their political stance because their ruling was never stable. The nation was never united. Without the middle ground, coups were inevitable to occur and movements. I believe that there always should be a middle ground to maintain a stable country.
Notes on dictatorship 2 Randy Huynh
-Argentina in Latin America played a similar role to France in Europe; it was a place where political ideas were being tested and new voices were being heard
-Rise of the radical movement in Argentina: the oscillation between extreme right and left. Radical movement appears after the inflation that comes after a period of economic prosperity and success. 3 Step Progress
-Economic prosperity leads to a population growth which is followed by economic stagnation and inflation.
-Military played a huge role in radical revolutions.
-First coup in 1930. Causes could be the Great Depression as many Latin American countries are dependent on the United States for trade.
-Socialist government was overthrown by coup in 1930 by General Jose Uriburu
-Uriburu was a blueprint of Fascist leaders. He was rightwing, militaristic and supported by many corporations as well as the U.S. He prevented radicals from participating in elections and cracked down on the press.
-Economically, Uriburu shifted towards the British. Believed trading with the British would be better so that the U.S . did not play a big role in Latin American politics
-Second World War had impacts on Argentina as well. Ramirez was the president at the time and Argentina was dependent on the U.S. and America. However, the military officers and brass under Ramirez sympathized with Germany more.
-Ramirez went for declaring war on Germany due to economical reasons. A coup followed.
-Juan Peron became president soon after that coup. Peron’s name is tied with populism. He’s seen as middle ground between right and left, embodying aspects of both sides. He supported Unions and was very connected to workers. However he was like a dictator, he didn’t support the press.
A topic that was discussed in the video was the relationship between political governance and economy. In Argentina, we saw a pattern that consisted of the country going through a very economically prosperous time, with trade booming. Once that time ends, a period of economic stagnation comes and inflation happens. People aren’t happy with that because prices are soaring, so it gives radical groups power. Those radical groups then come into power via revolution or coup. This pattern is very useful in studying the political history of Latin American countries because it covers a lot of the causes that may culminate into significant political shifts in that country. One example other than Argentina of this pattern is Peru. During the 1940’s-1980’s Peru also went back and forth between extreme left and right. It was civilian led government after military government then back and forth. Peru also had it’s “middle ground” political leader in the 90’s. Similar to Peron, Alberto Fujimori was this character who ran on a platform that had both far right and far left beliefs. Fujimori was dealing with issues surrounding inflation and corruption in the Peruvian government. Fujimori is an example of a more recent controversial figure that somewhat displays a part of the pattern of political back and forth that was discussed in the video. Now if we applied this pattern today to Latin America’s current political climate, it is possible to predict when the next coup will come.
Jennifer Lee
Video notes:
-Argentina and South America placed similar role as France in Europe- political ideas and voices were being experimented.
-TURNING POINT-Back to beginning of 20th century, and rise of radical movement in Argentina, there’s a back and forth between extreme left and extreme right.
-Similar pattern 3-step- every period of economic prosperity leads to moment of inflation or economic collapse and after there’s a radical movement. Military was gaining too much power.
-US economy and its big depression had severe effect on many countries that dependent by it. Military took advantage of that in Argentina. military right winged supported by big companies named Oriburo kept radicals from participating in elections and blueprint of fascist leader. He believed Britain is better partner.
-Angry coup by military took away president power for declaring war on Germany, who they sympathize with, in order to maintain economic stability with US and Britain. Juan Perron (worked closely from working class and was in union) soon became president afterwards and became popular from working class but worked like a dictator because of strong socialist ideas and limited free press-especially something against him; right and left ideas.
-Pattern- swing from left and right and the effects of instability of country.
Comments:
You made very great points. We always learn about how the US had a moment of great depression but the effects it had on other countries who depended on the US’s economy was never discussed in our education. There’s also many patterns of the effects how political ideology has on a country and the instability it may have.
Stacy Keta
Notes:
– The Latin American countries had different experiences upon gaining independence.
– Argentina played a similar role to France in Europe- political ideas were being experimented.
– Many of the significant figures from Latin America in the 20th century were Argentines. They looked up to and worshipped them.
– Pattern of political instability- extreme lefts and rights. This was evident in other nations as well.
– Early 20th century was the rise of radical movements in Argentina.
– Whenever there was economic prosperity, there was inflation and collapse followed by it. This contributed to the radical movements.
– Economic reformists wanted to fix the economy.
– Radicals were socialists that came to power. They wanted to give power to the middle class, small business owners, and did not favor big corporations. They didn’t have a big enough agency to run the country.
– They lost track of the bigger picture while doing this.
– Military was becoming more powerful.
– 1930- first coup. This was during the great depression times which influenced the U.S and Latin American countries too as they relied on them heavily.
– Military took advantage of this and socialists were overthrown.
– Ouribo (?) was the new president and had facist tendencies. He supported the U.S and large companies; kept radicals from participating. He shifted to the British instead of the U.S.
– 1940’s- Military presidents rose to power.
– WWII posed a new challenge because the president was unsure. Military officers sympathized with Germany yet had relations with Britain and the Americas. If he declared war on Germany, Argentina’s economy would have declined because their economic support would be lifted. This angered the army and they had coups to remove presidents from power.
– Period of chaos followed the coup and Juan Peron rose out of nowhere.
– He was close to the working class and became president soon after. This was the start of the new era.
– His name is connected with populism; he is a mix of the right and left. He enjoyed the support from the working class and supported the unions.
– He became popular and was dictatorial with socialist aspects as opposed to liberal.
– His ideologies worked well in Argentina for a while but there was an absence of middle ground which left the nation suffering.
Comments:
I thought that the influence Peron had was a mix of good and bad for Argentina. The extremists took it to the next level but it gave many Latin Americans an idea of what they wanted in terms of politics. The trend that occurred throughout the continent of political instability was interesting and I was surprised to learn that it was like that for many countries, not just Argentina. The influence of the World War and of the coups was something new to me and reflecting on everything I learned, it seemed like if there was a stronger backbone in their politics, there would be less violence.
Notes:
– Argentina was the center of ideas, it was the place where new kind of political ideas was being experimented
– Most popular figures of Latin America were Argentinians
– 20th-century pattern: every period of economic prosperity leads to a moment of inflation or economic collapse and after that, a radical movement emerges
– Economic reformists fix the economy by investing in the right places and exporting and importing the right commodities and technologies
– Populism in Latin America in the 20th century is very noble
– Military was becoming more and more powerful
– First coup in 1930, coincides with the big depression and this is because Latin American countries were extremely dependent on the U.S. economy
– Military in Argentina took advantage of this
– In the coup, the socialist government is overthrown
– First the first time, men in uniform become president in Argentina
– Oriburo had fascist tendencies and was a military guy, right-wing person and was supported by big companies and the United States
– He kept the radicals from participating in elections
– Economically, he shifted towards the British and believed they would be a better partner
– During the 2nd World War, Ramirez was the president
– Military was sympathetic to Germany during the war but the country was entirely dependent on the U.S. and British
– Ramirez eventually declared war on Germany to maintain the support of the U.S. and Britain
– Argentina economy would have collapsed if he didn’t
– When Juan Peron became president, a new era started in Argentina
– He had huge support from the working class
– He was very dictatorial and socialist aspects to his politics
– His ideology worked really well in Argentina and he stayed in power for a long time (till mid ’50s)
Comment:
I thought it was really interesting how economical dependency played a big role in the decision for Argentina during World War 2. Argentina declaring war on Germany to maintain the support of the United States and Britain really shows how dependent they were on those countries. Another thing mentioned in the video that really showed their dependency was how the Great Depression in the United States led to an economic downfall in Argentina which led to the first coup. Before this, I never really took into account how big of an impact countries have on each other.
Notes:
-Argentinians were the most popular figures from Latin America in the 20th century
-Argentina had a lot of back and forth between extreme right and left
-Trying to come to terms with its political identity
-3 step cycle repeats over and over
-Reformist coming to power fixing the economy, invest money in the orght places, bring economy back to its feet
-Explosion of prosperity
-Economic stagnation, people get angry with those in power
-Socialists want small businesses to prosper
-Military was becoming powerful
-Argentina was heavily dependent on US
-So as US economy dropped so did theirs
-1930 socialist govt overthrown–men in uniform become president
-Kept radicals from participating in elections
-1930-1943–military presidents came to power
-2nd world war posed new problem
-Argentinian military sided with Germany but needed support from the US
-Peron
-From working class
-Elements of populism
-Had ideas from left and right
-Socialist ideals
Comment:
I find it interesting that the same 3 step process repeats throughout the 20th century where a reformist comes to power fixing the economy, invests money in the right places, bring economy back to its feet and then there is an explosion of prosperity followed by economic stagnation and people getting angry with those in power. I pointed this out in my memo as well. Was there a point where they realized that something wasn’t working or did it just work itself out somehow? And how long did this cycle keep going on/how many times did the cycle repeat?
The video was very saddening as it touched on the eventual downfall of many Latin countries. It was very similar to the reading as you discussed the impact of the Cold War, economical challenges, and many other factors that contributed to the military take-over in Latin America. In my opinion, Argentina may suffer the most harm from military dictatorship because I believe Argentina was making a lot of growth to become advanced, to become rich, and to become a stronger nation. Also, I think this was the era where nationalism became both positive and negative. Nationalism caused many rebellions and it caused the military to become a dictatorship as well.
Bridget Campanelli
Notes
each country has different experiences with colonialism
Argentina was the center of ideas for new political voices
Argentina is a symbol of military dictatorship throughout the continent; other countries had similar backgrounds and experiences
There was a lot of back and forth between extreme right and left after independence wars
Many new political ideologies being tested and tried out
economic prosperity always leads to collapse and radical movements
Socialists came into power, trying to get big corporations out of political structure
Army became more and more powerful
Many Latin American economies were dependent on the US economy
President Ramirez switched to Britain, became dependent on their economy
Declared war on allies (Germany) to keep support of US and Britain
Perron gained huge support from working class; gave paid leave, supported unions, gave loans with low interest
Had a very dictatorial style of government, didn’t support free press
Strong socialist aspects, interesting combination of right and left politics
Absence of middle ground politics hurts the economy and public debate of Argentina
Comment
After learning more about Argentina and their government, it showed how beneficial it can be to have a political system that has aspects from both the right and left. When Perron was in power, it was very good for the country because he had aspects from both sides of the spectrum. Argentina didn’t have a true leader for a long time, as they depended heavily on other countries like the United States and Britain. They experienced a lot of instability due to economic downfalls and military coups. This explains why Perron was so popular among the working class, as he was a strict leader but also supported unions and gave rights to workers. Argentina struggled when they couldn’t find a middle ground in their government and it lead to a downfall in the economy.
Alice Gonzalez
Notes:
-Argentina for a long time played the role as equivalent to France in Europe
-was center of ideas -new political ideas were being experimented -most popular figures in 20th century were from Argentina
-Second presidency of Perron -emblematic of how military dictatorship operated throughout the continent
-Argentina was back and forth between the extreme right and the extreme left after the independence wars
-country tried to come to terms -political identity, their colonial history
-political ideologies being tested and tried
-ever period of economic prosperity leads to a moment of inflation/ economic collapse -leading to a radical movement
-economic reformists come to power -fix economy -invest money in the right places -export and import the right commodities and technology
-sudden explosion of the population -run into economic stagnation -people get angry at those in power -populism becomes popular
-socialists came to power -wanted to distribute power to the working people
-don’t have larger agenda for running the country -lose the big picture -the military
-the first coup in 1930 -coincides with the big depression in the US -countries in Latin America depended on the U.S economy -the depression had a severe effect
– military in Argentina took advantage of the situation
-Coup -the socialist government is overthrown -first-time men in uniform become presidents
-Oriburo has a fascist tendency right-wing -supported by big companies and the U.S
-kept radicals from participating in elections and cracked down on the press
-shifted toward the British -WW2 posed a challenge to Argentina -Rameriz stuck between who to back -declared war on Germany to maintain connections to U.S and Britain
-made army angry -carried out the coup and got him out of power -coup brought up Juan Peron
-New era -tied with populism -a mix of right and left
-launched welfare program -supported unions -loans -his style of governance was dictatorial -stayed in power till mid 50ths -more uprisings -leaves power and comes back -pattern with how the country politics swing left to right -the absence of center hurts the economy, public debate
Thoughts:
Seeing how the influence of the United States across the globe was quite eye-opening. It poses the question that wonders why was the U.S allowed this much dictation over homelands they did not rule. Especially when their downfall ends up influencing the political status of countries that were flourishing before their situation. Therefore, this video was informative in providing background information on how colonialism had such a big influence even throughout the 20th century, as well as the political revolutions that evolved due to this dilemma.
Noshin Ahmed
Notes:
-Different countries in Latin America had different historical journeys.
-Argentina is one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America.
-In South America, Argentina played a role similar to the one that the French played in Europe.
-Argentina had a lot of the most popular figures in Latin America in the 20th century.
-Argentina was testing out different political ideologies and going through a lot of back and forth between the extreme left and extreme right, like the rest of the continent.
-Economic Prosperity leads to an economic collapse, which leads to radical movements.
-Socialists came to power (people who wanted to distribute power within the working class and get big corporations out of the political structure). Socialist often focuses on helping the poor and then lose the big picture.
-The military was becoming more and more powerful.
-First coup was in 1930. At the time, the U.S. was going through the great depression (many countries in Latin America were heavily reliant on the U.S economy).
-Socialist government was overthrown, and men in uniform became president.
-Oriburo was a military guy, who had fascist tendencies, and was supported by the U.S. and big companies. He kept the radicals from participating in the elections. He can be considered the blueprint for fascist leaders. He thought that the British might be a better partner for them because they cant influence their politics.
-In the 1940s, military presidents came to power in Argentina.
-The second world war created a new problem for them. The military officers sympathized with Germany during the war, but they were heavily reliant on the U.S. and Britain. They eventually declared war on Germany so that the U.S. and Britain would support them because without their support there would economically collapse.
-Carried out the coup and got him out of power.
-Juan Peron was a colonel in the army, and he was very close to the worker’s class. He became president after the chaos. He was a populist, and he mixed the ideas of the right and the left.
-To help the working class, he launched a welfare program, which gave paid leaves to workers. He also gave loans with very little interests rates. He supported the union as well.
-His style of governance was dictatorial. He did not tolerate the free press, and he was not a liberal figure.
-His ideology, which combined both the left and right, worked very well in Argentina.
Comments:
I found it interesting to see the dilemma Argentina was in during the second world war. Even though they wanted to support Germany, they couldn’t because that would mean losing their support from Britain and the United States. I also found it shocking that they were getting involved with Britain again because the damage that they had done to Latin America was too big to be overlooked. Juan Peron’s ideology is very and testing to me, but I found it shocking that it actually worked well in Argentina because it’s usually very difficult to satisfy both parties.
Norbert Kopec
Notes:
– Argentina in South America played a role similar to what France did in Europe
– Argentina was a center for ideas specifically political experimentation
– A lot of the most popular characters of Latin America were Argentinians
– The text gives a good overview of what military dictatorship was like
– After the independence wars, Argentina like many others did a lot of back and forth between the extreme left and extreme life, testing political ideologies
– Every period of economic prosperity leads to moments of inflation or economic collapse and then a radical movement emerges. This seems to be the general three step cycle that occurred.
– By radicals we are referring to socialists. The people who wanted to distribute the power among the working people, prioritize the small business owners, and wanted to get the big corporations out of the political structure
– A lot of economies in Latin America, including Argentina, were heavily dependent on the United States economy at the time so when the US economy collapsed during the great depression, the economies of those dependent nations did as well. The military of Argentina took advantage of this
– In 1930, the socialist government is overthrown and men in uniform take office for the first time
– Uriburu kept radicals from participating in elections and cracked down on the press showing characteristics of a fascist leader. He shifted the country towards the British.
– The top military officers were sympathetic to Germany during the war but as to not break ties with the British and the United States and allies, they declared war on Germany which angered military generals which carried out the coup
– Peron’s name is tied with populism and has elements from the right and from the left. Enjoyed a huge support among the working class. Was very dictatorial in his rule but had strong socialist aspects.
Comment:
I was interested to hear how there was a reoccurring pattern which emerged in Argentina and in other countries across Latin America. Seeing that the pattern was composed of a period of economic prosperity leading to a moment of inflation or economic collapse which resulted in a radical movement seems to be a very simple pattern, but it is also reasonable to see how people of the time may have overlooked it rather than seeking ways to stop it. I was also interested to see the conflicting situation which arose when faced with the decision of whether to support Germany or declare war on them. If Argentina were to support Germany, they would lose their allies of the British and the United States which they were at the time dependent on which would most likely drastically impact the country in many ways. It is understandable to see why they saw declaring war on them as their best option.
Joseph Guedalia
Notes:
-Every country in Latin America had a different experience with colonialism
-Argentina was very popular and nationalistic
-Argentina went back and forth between the extreme right and extreme left
-Argentina played the role as equivalent to France in Europe
-was center of ideas -new political ideas were being experimented -most popular figures in 20th century were from Argentina
-Second presidency of Perron symboled how military dictatorship operated throughout the continent of Latin America
-ever period of economic prosperity leads to a moment of inflation/ economic collapse -leading to a radical movement
-economic reformists come to power -fix economy -invest money in the right places -export and import the right commodities and technology
-There was an explosion in population, the economy stalled stagnation people became angry at those in power, populism became a more popular system
-socialists became the power they wanted to distribute power to the working people
-don’t have larger agenda for running the country -lose the big picture -the military
-the first coup in 1930 -coincides with the big depression in the US -countries in Latin America depended on the U.S economy -the depression had a severe effect
– military in Argentina took advantage of the situation
– There was a military coup, the socialist government is overthrown, this was the first time a man in uniform was president
-Oriburo has a fascist tendency right-wing -supported by big companies and the U.S
-kept radicals from participating in elections and cracked down on the press
-Economically he shifted toward the British
-World War 2 posed a challenge to Argentina the president, Rameriz, was stuck deciding who to back
-they eventually declared war on Germany to maintain connections to U.S and Britain
-made the generals of the army angry, carried out a coup, and got him out of power
-The next leader who appeared after the coup was Juan Peron, which led to the “New Era”
-Perron was tied with populism, somewhat of a mix of right and left
-launched welfare program, supported unions, loans
-his style of governance was similar to a dictatorship
-stayed in power till mid-50s, there were more uprisings, he leaves power and comes back
-There was a pattern with how the country politics swing left to right -the absence of center hurts the economy, public debate
Comments: I thought this blog post was very interesting. The discussion of the polarization of Argentina’s political thought was very interesting. Reminded me of the current political climate in the US. This shows that history repeats itself. I thought this was especially true in regards to Trump being so popular to the then rise in AOC and Bernie Sanders popularity.
Ricky Chen
Notes
-Latin America is split into many countries, each with their own history
-Argentina was one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America and had a similar role to France
-Argentina in the 70s had a military dictatorship under Perron
-Argentina circles between the extreme right and extreme left, testing different political ideology
-There was a constant cycle of economic prosperity leading to inflation and economic collapse which then causes a radical movement
-The radicals/socialists wanted to distribute power to the working people and get big corporations out of the political structure
-They did not take account into how powerful the military was
-The first coup in 1930 occurs when the US economy was suffering due to the Great Depression affecting Argentina and the military overthrows the socialist government
-Oriburo kept radicals from participating in elections and was a fascist leader who shifted the economy towards the British to keep America out of their politics
-During the second world war, the military government supported Germany while the people were on the side of the British and Americans
-Ramirez ended up declaring war on Germany in order to keep Britain and American support
-The generals in the army eventually launched a coup and left a vacuum in the government until Juan Perron stepped in
-Perron was a mix between the right and left with a huge support from the working class
-Perron launched welfare program and supported unions but was like a dictator in that he did not allow free press and was not a liberal
-Perron gets overthrown but eventually comes back for his second presidenceny
Notes
I found it interesting that many countries during this time were cycling through different governments from the extreme left to the right. There was a cycle that there would be economic prosperity but then it would lead to inflation and a collapse which causes a radical party to rise up and take power. Also, I found it surprising that the military government were in support of Germany while the people of Argentina supported America and Britain which ultimately caused Argentina to join the war on the side of the allies. Juan Perron’s way of ruling is also fascinating in that he was in support of the people and the working class but he still held the notion of no free press.
Sanduni Samarasinghe
Notes:
-Argentina is the largest and most populated country in Latin America
-They played a same role as France played in Europe, center of ideas
-Argentina went back and fourth from the left and right
-The Economic reformists come to power and basically fix the economy, invest money in the right places and export and import the right commodities and technology
-Inflation of products and radical movements (socialist) emerges because of what has happened
-The socialist wanted to get the big business people out of power, don’t really have a big agenda
-1930 the economy of a lot of countries are effected because of the great depression of the US
-Military of Argentina over throws the socialist government
-Oriburo has fascist tendencies, was in the military
-Was surported by big companies and even the US
-He kept the radicals from participating in elections and cracked down on the press
-He shifted towards the British instead of US
-This stayed this was for more than a decade
-He declared war on Germany in support on US and Britain
-The army was very unhappy with this decision and carried out a coup to take his out
-Juan Peron was the new person in power, this started a whole new era; name tied with populism
-He had a huge support in the working class and started a welfare program for people that gave people benefits
-He didnt tolerate the free press; couldnt say anything bad about him
-Wasn’t a liberal figure, didn’t tolerate, took ideas from right and left
-There is a pattern in which how politics swing from left and right, this effects and hurts everything like the economy
Comments:
It was really interesting how the country of Argentina shifts and changes in just a matter of years because of its presidents. Its also interesting how the economic dependency played a big role in the stance in which Argentina had on World War 2. They did what they did because they had to stay loyal to the countries that were giving them support. In a small but large way this shows how dependent Argentina really was in almost every aspect. If they didnt anything that would jeopardize their relation ship with their supporting countries they would be struggling. They needed everything they had.
Alan Tupac
Notes on dictatorship 2:
-Different Latin American countries had different experiences when it came to colonialism.
-Argentina is one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America.
-Argentina played a similar role France did in Europe.
-Argentina during the 20th century was the center of ideas and the place where political ideas were being presented and experimented.
-Some of the most popular figures in Latin America were Argentinians.
-Peron was a representation of military rule over Latin America.
-Like the rest of Latin America Argentina flip-flopped between the extreme right and left after the independence wars.
-There we’re different political ideologies being practiced in Argentina.
-Every period of economic prosperity leads to a moment in inflation and economic collapse which results in a radical movement emerging.
-This cycle repeats over and over again throughout the 20th century.
-Scholars managed to fix the economy and bring the country back to a prosperous economy.
-Due to the economic bomb, a period of stagnation occurs which leads to rising prices and inflation which therefore causes the people to become upset and support radical movements.
-Populism became a big ideology in Latin America especially Argentina.
-The radical socialist came to power in Argentina and they wanted to distribute the power to the workers and small business owners meanwhile remove big corporations from the political and economic sphere.
-The military become more powerful as a result of the socialist governments that were practiced in Latin America during the 20th century.
-The economies of many Latin American countries are heavily dependent on the Economy of the United States and due to the Great Depression that occurred during the 1930s, many economies collapsed worldwide.
-During the 1930s the Argentinian socialist government is overthrown and the military takes control over the country
-The military introduced fascist policies into Argentina which prevented the public from participating in government elections.
-After the military coup in Argentina, the new trading partner was shifted from the Americans to the British due to the lack of influence the British had in Argentinian politics.
-The Second World War posed a dilemma to Argentina because the top military officers in Argentina were Nazi sympathizers, but due to the country is entirely dependent on the British and the Americans they couldn’t support the axis.
-If Argentina declared war on the allies they would be alienating themselves.
-Argentina declared war on Germany to preserve the support received from the British and the United States and this made many of the top military generals angry which resulted in a military coup.
-The new military government was very close to the workers union and this brought in a new era of government in Argentina.
-colon had huge support from the workers in Argentina and he created a welfare system that gave workers and unions benefits.
-The military had a very dictatorship role in Argentina and denied the Argentinians basic liberties.
Comments:
After watching the video I learned a significant amount of new information not only about Argentina but also about many other Latin American countries throughout the 20th century. I learned about how Argentina experienced a period of economic prosperity during the early 1900s, but due to this economic growth, the country experienced a stage of economic stagnation which resulted in massive inflation. Due to Argentina not knowing how to deal with this economic inflation, the country explained an economic collapse, and the effects of inflation are still seen in Argentina and other Latin American countries like Venezuela. I also learned about how Argentina supported Nazi Germany, but due to being in the American sphere of influence, they were unable to openly support the germans due to the risk of alienating themselves from the rest of the continent. Lastly, I learned that Latin America as a whole experienced many forms of government after the independence wars and many of these political ideologies negatively impacted the region and this has lasting effects on modern-day Latin America.
Nur Rahman
Notes:
Argentina is one of the largest and most populated countries in Latin America
There was a lot of back and forth between the extreme right and extreme left after the Independence War
Every period of economic prosperity leads to a moment of inflation or an economic collapse. Causes a radical movement to occur.
Populism becomes popular. Socialists come to power. The socialists are tired of inequality and attempt to get big corporations and monopolies out. They wanted to distribute the power among the working people. The small business owners prioritize them.
They don’t have a big agenda for the country as they are focused on helping the poor but they tend to lose the bigger picture. In this case, it was the military because the government didn’t take into account how the militarys’ power was increasing.
The first coup occurred in 1930 and it coincides with the great depression in the US because the economy of a lot of countries in Latin America was heavily dependent on the u.s economy.
This led to the military taking advantage of Argentina because, in the coup, the socialist government is overthrown
The military coup in Argentina led to fascism. The radicals weren’t allowed to participate in elections
The second world war posed a new challenge because many military officials were sympathetic to Germany even tho they were economically dependent on the United States and British
This led to the military being angry and the coup taking the Uriburu out of power causing the person to now be in power. Peron was a mix of left and right
Comment:
The history of Latin America individually is so interesting because everything is cause and effect. Because of one event occurring, something else happened and so one. The economic dependency and the 3 step cycle repeating are so true when I think about history anywhere as well. The influence that the economy of the United States had on Latin America was also incredible. The world is so interconnected since the countries are dependent. Argentina had to deal with the issue where they had to support Germany even though they were dependent on the United States. I also found it interesting how the radicals were not able to participate in the election and this relates to an issue back in America where they didn’t allow women or people of color to vote because they had an effect on the government.
Tercia Dobrzynski
Dictatorship 2 Notes
– Argentina played a role in Latin America similar to how France played their role in Europe
– Argentina was the center of ideas, the place were political ideas were experimented and new voices came out
– The most popular figures of Latin America in the 20th century were Argetineans, such as Diego Maradona
– Like this rest of the continent, Argentina did a lot of back and forth between the extreme right and extreme left
– Periods of economic prosperity lead to a moment of inflation or economic collapse, after that a radical movement emerges
– Radical movements focus on helping the poor but in the process, they tend to lose the big picture ie military reform
– In the first coup of 1930, the socialist government was overthrown
– The big depression that occurred in the US in 1930 had a big effect on Latin American countries because they were heavily dependent on the US
– From the period of 1930 to 1943, military presidents came to power in Argentina
– Juan Peron was a colonel in the army, came from the working class, he became president and brought a whole new era to Argentina
– His name is often tied with populism and helped the working class
– He had very strong aspects of socialism in his leadership, combination of right and left ideology which worked very well in Argentina
Notes
I like being able to focus on one specific country in Latin America, as it helps to focus and breakdown the actual events and why they occurred. When learning about Latin America’s countries as a whole, the timeline could get confusing. It is interesting to hear how Argentina consistently went back and forth from extreme right ideologies and extreme left ideologies, but never in the middle. This lack of common ground seemed to create many nonstop issues in Argentina with things like the economy. This cycle is apparent throughout their history.
Alejandro Romero
Notes:
– Argentina during the 20th century was similar in a sense to France as they both were the center for political ideas and knowledge of their respective continents
– Che Guevara, Peron, Diego Maradona were some of the most praised figures and voices throughout the continent all of whom were Argentinian
– Argentina like many countries went through great periods of political shift going from far left to far right policy implementations
– A pattern that seemed to repeat throughout the century is the rise of a leader who manages to fix and re-establish a stable and prosperous economy, followed by a great period of growth which leads to an eventual collapse of said economy and the rise of radical movements
– Prominent socialist at the time sought out to divide power to the people equally emphasizing it towards working class citizens and not big corporations
– First coup in Argentina occurs in 1930 after the Great Depression of the U.S., which also had massive negative implications for many Latin American countries who were heavily dependent on it, as military leaders took advantage of this in order to rise to prominence
– Uriburu who was a military leader staged this coup to occupy power and quickly displayed many fascist tendencies cracking down on any socialist movements or political opponents
– He also shifted trade towards the British instead of the U.S.
– With WW2 the new President Ramirez had a difficult predicament as he had to choose between keeping a stable economic relationship with the Allies or siding with a similar politically structured dictatorship like Germany who they were sympathetic towards
– This ensued another coup by military leaders as they were not fond of this decision
– Peron eventually became President in this political absence and he was a more working class oriented leader causing great support for him
– He still had many totalitarian tendencies though to shut out political opposition and limited the freedom of the press greatly
Comments:
Argentina evidently has one of the most tumultuous histories of any Latin American country and I believe diving into its specific political and economic history really helps one understand the many dilemmas it has gone through. By understanding the identity crisis like changes and shifts Argentina went through in the 20th century alone it in a way also helps in explaining the many effects that can be seen throughout the country and rest of Latin America to this day. It made me think if all this political instability and foreign influence is what has prevented this and many countries like and around it from prospering and reaching their full potential. A potential which many outside nations have benefited greatly from but never the inhabitants within the country itself.
Genesis Aguirre
Notes:
-Despite many Latin American countries facing imperialism under similar rules of power. All countries suffered the effects of imperialism differently.
– Much like how France was the epicenter for revolutions and new ideologies in Europe, Argentina was the same to South America countries.
-When there were a lot of conflict between the extreme right and the extreme left in Argentina.
-There’s a lot of influential personas that came from Argentina.
-Theres a three step cycle.
-Due to economic disparity due the great Depression in 1930s in America, which affected the economy in Argentina.
-Which as the military took adavtange of and they created a rebellion that led to there being a uniformed president.
-there was a lot of tension because of other world events.
-Argentinan military officers sympathized with Germany during World War 2 which led the president at the time to be stuck in a hard place between where Argentina as a whole stood.
-Peron’s presidency happens and there is more of a divide of ideologies.
Comments: Everything throughout history leads to another thing. For example when governments get too big they become harder to control. Which then leads to cracks in the established governments to form. Then uproars of small groups against the government form, some are violent and others aren’t but their goal is one to bring down the current government. Which can lead to a lot of violence from the government as seen in France before the French Revolution. The was seen again in countries in South and Central America. The rise of the smaller political groups which are often lead by very influential people. People who are power hungry drive of uncertain created in large governments. Theres a lot of extremist.