Research Prospectus (10%)
- Building Critical Mass
The first part of building critical mass involves infotention — the practice of filtering through large quantities of information from the “collective intelligence” of the web and distilling the good stuff.
This means reading, re-reading, and more reading.
This process is by far the most arduous. You will encounter multiple false-leads, dead-ends — it is all part of the research/writing process.
Part of the frustration is non-linear nature of this process. Think of it as building the haystack before extracting the needle. However, once you reach critical mass, the process (including writing the essay) is mostly downhill.
Another way to look at it: Reaching critical mass means that you will have sufficiently digested the materials you have gathered and are ready to argue your position.
Exercise: complete at least five tables (one for each source).
What is the title of your source? |
Loneliness: Clinical Import and Interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science |
Copy and Paste the Abstract of your source. If no abstract is available, summarize in your own words what the source is about. |
In 1978, when the Task Panel report to the U.S. President’s Commission on Mental Health emphasized the importance of improving health care and easing the pain of those suffering from emotional distress syndromes including loneliness, few anticipated that this issue would still need to be addressed 40 years later. In 2011, a meta-analysis on the efficacy of treatments to reduce loneliness identified a need for well-controlled randomized clinical trials focusing on the rehabilitation of maladaptive social cognition. We review assessments of loneliness and build on this meta-analysis to discuss the efficacy of various treatments for loneliness. With the advances made over the past 5 years in the identification of the psychobiological and pharmaceutical mechanisms associated with loneliness and maladaptive social cognition, there is increasing evidence for the potential efficacy of integrated interventions that combine (social) cognitive behavioral therapy with short-term adjunctive pharmacological treatments. |
In your own words, what is the author’s thesis (position)? |
Loneliness is a serial mental and physical problem which can cause significant problems to a human life. |
In your own words, what are the subclaims made by the author? In other words, how does the author substantiate or defend their position? |
He provides the reader with quotes and experimental results to prove the claim. |
Key quotes: list and cite (page ref.) at least three quotes from the source that you think may be useful for your essay. |
Although this crucial component of loneliness helps better differentiate subjective social isolation (loneliness) from objective social isolation, it has led occasionally to a conflation of loneliness and other dysphoric states (e.g., social anxiety, depression) in which a person’s subjective experiencing of their social environment also plays a crucial role.( well, its more like a just a long page than pages) Increased recognition of loneliness as a risk factor for adverse psychological and physical health outcomes has elevated interest in interventions to reduce chronic loneliness. For instance, the British government is developing several initiatives aiming to improve the life quality and satisfaction of people suffering from the (real or perceived) absence of social relationships |
What key sources does the author rely upon? List at least three. (Useful for further research) |
- Developing your Research Question
By now you’ve settled on a research topic — your topic is sufficiently controversial (rhetorical) — and have commenced initial research (above). Here is when the real work begins.
Developing the research question is just as important as the thesis statement; in fact, you can think of this process as the precursor to developing your thesis, and like the thesis, your research question may be continually fine tuned as you research/learn more about your subject.
What makes a good research question?
In general a good research question will demonstrate that you are clear on the various positions surrounding your research topic and have a focused basis for pursuing the research (the why). Remember rhetoric is about creating value — consider how your essay may be valuable to your intended audience (changing beliefs OR creating action)
The three pillars of a good research question:
Clarity + Focused + Appropriately Complex
Clarity.
- Unclear: Why are social networking sites harmful?
- Clear: How are online users experiencing or addressing privacy issues on social networking sites like MySpace and Facebook?
Focused
- Unfocused: What is the effect on the environment from global warming?
- Focused: How is glacial melting affecting penguins in Antarctica?Concise:
Appropriately complex
- Too simple: How are doctors addressing diabetes in the U.S.?
- Appropriately complex: What are common traits of those suffering from diabetes in America, and how can these commonalities be used to aid the medical community in prevention of the disease?
Your research prospectus is a step by step approach to deriving your essay question:
What is your research subject? |
Loneliness caused by migration |
List the resources you have so far (at least 5): |
VICTOR CHRISTINAR, SCAMBLER SASHAJ, BOWLING ANN, BOND JOHN. The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: a survey of older people in Great Britain. Ageing and Society. 2005;25(6):357-375. doi:10.1017/S0144686X04003332 Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical Import and Interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616 Koelet, S., & de Valk, H. A. (2016). Social networks and feelings of social loneliness after migration: The case of European migrants with a native partner in Belgium. Ethnicities, 16(4), 610-630. https://doi-org.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/10.1177/1468796816638398 Schroedter, J. H., De Winter, T., & Koelet, S. (2015). Beyond l’Auberge Espagnole: The Effect of Individual Mobility on the Formation of Intra-European Couples. European Journal of Population, 31(2), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-015-9343-3 Anderson C. A., Horowitz L. M., French R. (1983). Attributional style of lonely and depressed people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 127–136. HYPERLINK “https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1745691615570616#body-ref-bibr3-1745691615570616” |
In your own words, how would you characterize the present controversy of your research area? Another way to look at it: why is this research area important? |
There are many wars around the globe that happen right now and cause people to leave their home for a better life. |
What are the possible outcomes/resolutions? Are outcomes binary (yes/no e.g. should we ban the death penalty) or relative (e.g. how much should the annual state budget be allocated towards education)? |
Relative |
(If any) What are the conditions, qualifications, externalities, contingencies that may affect outcome (i.e. is there a legislative bill down the pipeline?) |
What is your preferred outcome? (Your position) |
Loneliness is the mental and physical issue |
Why? |
Because people abandon all their lives and throw themselves into a new pool full of new culture, new people, new environment etc. |
Who is your intended audience? |
Readers of science journals |
What is your research question? (Try to state this as simply as possible) |
How does the loneliness caused by migration into foreign land affects migrant’s mental and physical wellbeing? |
Notes/Things to look into which may improve the overall clarity, focus, complexity of your question |