Baldwin part:

James Baldwin builds himself as a representative of African-Americans, ” I find myself, not for the first time, in the position of a kind of Jeremiah.” That’s a first sentence of the speech and right from the start he shows that he is here to present the point of view of all African-Americans. Then he says that the main problem is the system of reality the people live in. That’s appeal to ethos. If a human being really strongly believes that a person of the specific race is slave, you can’t do anything about it. He was told for all his life that negro is a slave, and whatever Baldwin says he will ignore it because he believes that slave got no right to gain rights, that’s a difference of thinking. Then he says “…I, have to speak as one of the people who’ve been most attacked by what we now must here call the Western or European system of reality”. Here he tries to support his argument by showing that he the one who experience it in fact, so he is trying to use his experience as a support ground for his credibility. Then he speaks about differences in cultures using an ethos appeal again by explaining that there is no superior culture or civilization, that European system has no right to destroy other cultures way of thinking. He doesn’t say “american”, so he kinda trying to make europeans guilty, not the americans. With this he is trying to decrease the amount of hatred towards him and put initial guilt on europeans. After that he continues his appeal to logos explaining that american “equal for all” is given only for whites but not anyone else, and gives the examples to support his claim. He uses ethos by explaining how just a mere fact that because of the skin color the person has limits to gain success and he loses motivation because of it to achieve hapiness. He speaks about differences of cultures and how whites and african-americans have different live experiences and that they can’t understand each other because of it. And united states is trying to cancel african american culture because whites believe that european way of thinking is superior. By Baldwin opinion, the think that american society needs right now is a dialog to make a connection between ideas of wties and african americans. To summarize it, James baldwin through his speech was trying to show the difference and disconnectedness in white and african-american way of thinking., through the use of ethos he was trying to show the difference using the experience and words rather that clear facts. For me it looked like he was trying to prove it by making people think ” oh yes it is true, he was one who experienced it and he is credible enough to share the opinion of american negro.”

Buckley part:

I feel like his is trying to criminalize baldwin from the start. He is saying that Baldwin is trying to say we need to throw away the way american society is going, which is certainly not true. He kinda shaming Baldwin for using the pathos style of speaking by calling him a “posturing hero”. Then he says that “to deal with the indictments of Mr. Baldwin unless one is prepared to deal with him as a white men”. Just this one sentence supports the whole Baldwin speech. Buckley didn’t seem him as equal person from the begging, he saw him as “negro”. Everything Buckley says is fueled by pathos with no much sense behind it. After it he is saying that why amercans should pay for buying africans centuries ago and he is saying thatjust few decades ago the life of africans americans was way worse and now it greatly improved from the past. The solution Buckley is giving is to wait. Life of africans was way worse few decades ago and now it got better, so you guys please wait 40 years and probably you might have a black president( ironically, Kennedy was pretty much accurate in prediction). Negros already have a lot of opportunities and they need to use them for full and wait. So basically all he is saying is words that negros must try hard and be patient until whites come with the fact that negros are equal to them. Compared to Baldwin solution, the dialog to make a connection between white and black systems of reality. Buckley’s solution is to keep stability and keep a positive trend of improving, but he is not taking in account the lives aff african americans who need help now, who live in ghettos and losing opportunities because of inequality.