Who created the artifact?
- The artifact was created by Roman Kupchinsky.
When was the artifact created?
- The artifact created on July 27, 2008.
Where was it created?
- The artifact was publish in the Ukrainian Weekly.
Why was the document created?
- To express the author take on the 1968.
Why is the document a primary source?
- The document is a primary source because it give first hand account and his opinion of the subject matter, as a person that has live through those times.
How trustworthy is the source?
- The source is trustworthy because Roman Kupchinsky is a Vietnam Veteran, former President of Prolog Research Corp(1978-1988), former Director of Ukrainian service of Radio Free Europe (2000-2008)
What other questions might you ask of the source in order to better understand what it reveals about the events of 1968?
- If I could ask my source questions I would ask him what was his view on the elections before and after the War. Next, if he voted who did he voted for, and why? Third questions, would he still had fought in the Vietnam knowing what he know now? Why did he join the army, was he a volunteers or he got drafted. What was his take on the death of Doctor Martin Luther King. Jr. What are his stances on each candidate and what he satisfy with the outcome of the election.
If you were going to be constructing an argument about the relationship between the cultural conflict embodied by the artifact you’re presenting and the 1968 election, what other artifacts would you look for? How might you go about finding them? What other background reading would you need to do? What other questions would you ask?
- If I were to construct an argument about the relationship between the cultural conflicts embodied by the artifact I presenting and the 1968 election, other artifacts I would look to include in my presentation is other Vietnam War Veterans view on the 1968 election. I would reach out to Vietnam War Veterans through email or mail and conduct an interview with a Vietnam War Veteran I knew from my gym. In addition I would research books, article, journal or diaries written by former Veterans regarding their views on the 1968 election in. I would go about my research by going to my local library, Baruch library and New York Public Library and look for documents written by the Vietnam War Veterans and email or mail the author if I have further questions. The background reading, I would need to do is read about the key debate issues in the 1968 election, and the stances each candidate took on the Vietnam War. As well as research how did the Vietnam War have on the elections. The questions I would ask are how has the war change your views on toward life, society and politics. Any things you would do differently, if you were given the chances. What are you views on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Did you think the Vietnam War was justify.
Sources:
- United States Ch-53 Sea Stallion helicopter lands for resupply at Khe Sanh April 1968 during the war in Vietnam
This image, taken from the Art Museum Image Gallery database, was captured in April 1968 during the war in Vietnam. It wasn’t clear who actually took the picture. However, this picture symbolizes an issue that changes American wars politically during future time of war in the United States after 1968. Particularly it was pictures during the Vietnam War that caused the bitter unrest in the United States during the election of 1968. Following the Vietnam War there was less press coverage sanctioned by Cs ongress and the executive office of other wars to avoid the public for seeing images that might cause civil unrest and turn public opinion against the government.
The conflict of culture has always been a part of the United States presidential elections. The article below taken from New York Times which was created during the election period shear some light on one of the issues during the 1968 presidential election especially showing the problem with the great disparagement between voters with respect to gender gap, particularly with women and those who were less educated. The second Source was highlights polling information that
Source New York Times
Source Women and Social Movements: Factors that influence Voter Turnouts
I found this article in the Financial Times Historical Archive. This article was written by Joe Rogaly on October 4, 1968 and featured in the Financial Times. The conflict facing Americans during this time in 1968 centered around the Vietnam War that was taking place and the newly announced vice-presidential candidate knew that was on people’s minds. George Wallace chose Curtis LeMay to be his running mate, a man known for his hostile remarks on the Vietnam War and his stance on using nuclear force on Vietnam. Many saw this political choice as a threat to Wallace’s campaign because LeMay might frighten away voters with his talk of bombing. However, Lemay’s views on another social issue that was prevalent in the 1960s, the fight for civil rights and racial issues, and on continuing the segregation of blacks and whites appealed to those who favored keeping blacks at arm’s length.
Source Rogaly, Joe. “Counting on the Charms of Another Military Hero.” Financial Times [London, England] 4 Oct. 1968: 3. Financial Times. Web. 28 Sep. 2012.
- Anonymous
- August 07, 1968
- Miami, Fl
- To depict police escorting a man injured during a riot
- It is an original source of information about the topic
- Yes, biggest news corporations rely on AP, even though the identity of photographer is unknown.
- How much less publicity did the Miami Riot get in 1968 compared to the Chicago Riot?
I would try to obtain recordings of news broadcast of that time. I would compare how much attention was given to the race riot in Miami, where African-American community protested the poverty and racism at home Vs. the Chicago Riot that was initiated by the white majority protesting war in Vietnam. One of the 3 TV networks – ABC, CBS, NBC, must still have records that I could use. They might be willing to share them for educational purposes; not for the profit-seeking purposes. I would also need to do extensive research about each riot and identify who were the protesters/rioters, what were they protesting, what kind of damage did the rioting cause in each respective city, did people get hurt, and whether the protests were answered. News articles by major publications from that time might help me answers these questions. Another important piece of information to research is the platform of the Republican and Democratic Conventions, as well as the reactions of all the politicians who witnessed the riots happening during the Conventions.
DS106 really surprised me with the creativity that has developed with the various projects. I found it interesting to see that so many web tools which are fairly very new were used in all sorts of ways. Editing, linking, adding, research and copying has to be done in a professional way, which the community does and it does it with creativity. I like how they follow the guide lines that they set up for themselves but are not written down anywhere. The community is following unwritten rules about what to do and what not to do, yet bring something interesting and very creative to the table. Open source is the way to go!
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Participants in a Students for a Democratic Society-sponsored demonstration display signs protesting the general election as a “hoax” and calling for peace in Vietnam. The demonstration was staged on the steps of the Iowa capitol building after a three-mile march under police supervision
Who created the artifact?
Anonymous but it is credited to Bettmann/Corbis / AP Images
When was the artifact created?
November 5th, 1968
Where was it created?
Des Moines, IA; at an SDS demonstration at the Iowa capital building.
Why was the document created?
To document the events that were taken place within the college community during the election year of 1968.
Why is the document a primary source?
This photograph is a primary source because it has never been manipulated (sans AP images watermark) or altered since it was captured in ’68.
How trustworthy is the source?
Very. The AP images archive is a very credible source for images.
What other questions might you ask of the source in order to better understand what it reveals about the events of 1968?
In regards to this specific event, I would ask the photographer who he spoke to at the event, and why they decide to attend. I would like to know what the overall vibe and feeling was like within the crowd that day. Also, the difference between demonstrations/protests he had attended that year that took place prior to the election as opposed to post-election.
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The major themes of the culture conflicts in 1968 are all evident in this photograph. This is a great location and time to help construct an argument about these conflicts. Along with this photograph; in order to present a more balanced view of this event, I would have to see more photographs that were taken at this very event. Ideally it would be best to gather photographs from a variety of sources, that way I can be safe in assuming I’m not getting images that are biased to a specific cause.
Along with collecting photographs from the event; written or recorded interviews from demonstration attendees would help with putting a voice to the people in the photographs. It would assist in giving a more through analysis of who was at the demonstration and why. Interviews would be nice, but video of the demonstration would be best. By seeing the event in real time, you will be able to get an unbiased view of the event from a specific vantage point. This would help in making you feel as if you were actual attendee. Any press release from the SDS or varying collegiate organizations in response to the elections, would prove vital in identifying the purpose and message they were trying to give the country with organizing the demonstration.
To gather all of these sources I would first attempt to find as many items through the Baruch Library database. Further research can be done at various databases and archives that do not fall under Baruchs database; as well as other libraries in the area.
In order to construct a well rounded argument, I would have to read further into the SDS and other demonstrations they held that year. Reading about the specific movements that are mentioned in the signage present in the photograph would also prove helpful in the arguments construction.
Robert Kennedy’s Day of Affirmation Address
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/oS_BHcFynUepnkv95-EnSg.aspx
- The artifact was created by the JFK Presidential Library and Museum
- Artifact was created June 6, 1966
- The artifact was created at the University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa
- The document was created as an affirmation address and discussed liberty and civil rights in the US.
- It is a primary source because it is a direct recording of Robert Kennedy as he gave the speech and saved by the JFK museum, a reliable source
- The source is trustworthy, as it saved in a historical museum which is highly acclaimed and located in Boston, MA.
- I would ask how it influenced the Democratic presidential race and what his oppositions views were to some of the ideas presented
The 68 election was crucial for the future of the United States. Robert Kennedy was a proud American who advocated civil rights and individual liberty. “A land which was once the importer of slaves, and now must struggle to wipe out the last traces of that former bondage. I refer, of course, to the United States of America.” This phrase from Kennedy in his speech illustrates his vision of eliminating cruel treatment and unjust actions towards the slaves and anything related to the matter. The topic of discrimination overshadowed our culture and was a very important conflict to be dealt with in the sixties. I would strive to hear the opinions and thoughts of other politicians regarding the same conflict and how they opposed or paralleled Kennedy. I would search other databases and ask historians who specialized in this conflict to gain more information. Speeches and documents written by political campaigns and leaders would be a good place to start. I would seek to find what actions Kennedy took while he was a politician to defend his words and how it affected the conflict. Agendas pursued and policies created would expose how much influence Kennedy had as well as the opinions of our common public and Americans. I would like to read news articles from different perspectives that could help uncover the impact Kennedy had on ridding discrimination while he was a politician. It is unfortunate that Robert Kennedy was assassinated during his campaign for president. His ideas and personality would have been a great benefit to our society going forward.
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Demonstrators from the National Women’s Liberation Movement picket the 1968 Miss America Pageant. (Copyright Bettmann/Corbis / AP Images)
- After checking out the database’s citation, the says that the Photographer is Anonymous. I’m assuming that means that the photographer is uncredited as they bought the picture from an amateur photographer.
- Saturday, September 07, 1968
- Atlantic City
- The Miss America pageant became a target of protests, as feminist and civil rights activist fought against what they saw as a show that was degrading to women. In 1968, 400 women from the New York Radical Women protested the event on the Atlantic City boardwalk by crowning a live sheep Miss America. They also symbolically trashed a number of feminine products such as fake eyelashes, make up and bras.
- The photograph is a primary source because the AP photos, though anonymous, are taken by their own photographers and kept in their archives. It’s been digitized for the website, but because it’s the Associated Press, it’s a reliable news wire and it is trusted to have a copy in it’s own physical archives.
- The Associated Press has been around since the mid-1800s, and is the most widely (if not only) news-wire used in most journalistic broadcasts and publications. Its style book is taught at Baruch College’s Copy Editing course, and all articles in the department as well as campus publications such as Dollars and Sense and The Ticker are written in AP Style. AP Image, as an offshoot of the Associated Press, has gained its credibility through its age, it’s influence and it’s newsworthiness.
- I would ask to see the physical copy of the photograph, and I would like to see if I could learn more about who was responsible for taking the photo and why they were kept anonymous. As mentioned in an earlier reading, curating history is not just looking into what’s been recorded, but what’s been left out of history.
In the context of the 1968 election, I would do background information on the history of this particular women’s organization, the National Women’s Liberation Movement. With the creation of the National Organization for Women (NOW) I would like to see if the two organizations ever clashed or if they worked together.
Regarding the protests, I would go back and see how it was covered in the news – were the demonstrator villainized or supported by the media? How did the presidential candidates handle the movement – did they lump it together with the civil rights and youth movements at the time, or was it its own separate issue?
Also, after the candidates made their stance, was there any policies passed to reflect their views, or was the issue pushed aside until the next administration? Did the conflict cause controversy? Were the candidates comfortable or uncomfortable talking about the women’s liberation movement?
For the photograph, I would truly like to know why the photographer is Anonymous. Being such a highly credible publication, the Associated Press is not one to just find a photo, shrug its shoulders and say, “Guess we’ll just use this one.” The people in charge at the time knew the photographer and chose not to credit them (or the photographer did not want to receive credit) – why was this? Was the conflict between women’s liberation and the mainstream media too tense at the time?
The silence speaks volumes in this case, and while the conflict of the women’s liberation movement most likely had less supporters than fans, I would like to get a better understanding of the ripple effects of protests like the one illustrated at the Atlantic City boardwalk.
Database: Encyclopedia of American Government
Nixon, Richard, Campaigning in 1968
The caption underneath the image says ” Candidates and their campaign managers try to orchestrate public appearances that will put the candidate in a favorable light. Richard Nixon appears the hero in this 1968 campaign photo. (Source: National Archives.)”
Q: Who created the artifact?
A: National Archives
Q: When was the artifact created?
A: 1968
Q: Where was it created?
A: Washington D.C.
Q: Why was the document created?
A: At the time that this image was taken, the 1968 Presidential Election was happening, where Richard Nixon won. This is why the image is showing Nixon with his arms in the air.
Q: Why is the document a primary source?
A: The image was taken while the event was happening making it an “eye witness”. Also, there is an option while I was searching to select only primary sources.
Q: How trustworthy is the source?
A: The image comes from the National Archives which is a reliable source for images and information.
Q: What other questions might you ask of the source in order to better understand what it reveals about the events?
A: I would ask for a specific date, because in history dates are one of the most important facts when learning about history. Events happen so quickly in history that is is beneficial to the reader or viewer to know when specifically this event was happening.
The image I chose for this assignment is not a direct cultural conflict, but it can still be considered a controversial because it was an extremely important election. With things like the Vietnam War, Communism, and the Civil Rights Movement all happening it makes this election imperative to the future of the United States, and many historical events occurred during the term of the winning candidate which was came to be Richard Nixon. To further my research on the election there would be a few things I would do to accomplish that. One, I go on google.com and go to the scholar area of the site where I only works made by scholars have been published. Two, I would look through old newspapers articles. For example, I would look back into the archives of the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal which are highly respected newspapers and read up on events that occurred going into the election and the future president. For the sake of this class, I would ask myself some questions when reading up the topic. I would look at where the information is stemming from, when was it published, and by whom was it published.
Vietnam War with Walter Cronkite – Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3mfXnFtwQc
Vietnam War with Walter Cronkite – Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmwkprZMic&feature=relmfu
CBS documentary
1968
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3mfXnFtwQc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmwkprZMic&feature=relmfu
Who created the artifact?
This CBS documentary was created by Walter Cronkite and Ernest Leiser.
When was the artifact created?
In mid-February 1968, Cronkite and Leiser journeyed to Vietnam to cover the aftermath of the Tet Offensive.
Where was it created?
In Vietnam
Why was the document created?
The purpose of this artifact is to bring to American people the drama and horror of the most divisive war in American history.
Why is the document a primary source?
While traveling to Vietnam, Walter Cronkite personally witnessed and documented the events and conditions in aftermath of the Tet Offensive in early 1968.
How trustworthy is the source?
According to an opinion poll, during the 1960s and 1970s Walter Cronkite was often cited as “the most trusted man in America”.
What other questions might you ask of the source in order to better understand what it reveals about the events of 1968?
What was personal interest of Cronkite in producing this work? How powerful was the role of this documentary on the minds of the American people as well as the politics of the US compared to other TV news channels? Have Walter Cronkite received any negative reaction from administration for exposing hopeless situation in Vietnam? Would it be possible for Lyndon Johnson to win reelection in 1968 if Cronkite had not produced his epic film?
If you were going to be constructing an argument about the relationship between the cultural conflict embodied by the artifact you’re presenting and the 1968 election, what other artifacts would you look for?
CBS documentary with Walter Cronkite resulted in explosion of the anti-war movement. American public lost trust in current administration and this movement strongly affected 1968 presidential elections. Besides Cronkite documentary, I would look for prime source pictures of anti-war protests. Also, I would search for original interviews and speeches such as Cronkite’s interview with General Creighton Abrams and presidential address admitting failure in Vietnam. Also, I would use newspaper articles for that time period.
How might you go about finding them?
During my previous assignment, I learned that in order to find primary source documents I would need to search historic archives and databases.
What other background reading would you need to do?
History calls 1968 “The Year That Rocked The World” because it was filled with important events and processes leading to the presidential elections. So, in order to better understand what was happening, I would read books with memoirs and autobiographies of the people who witnessed the events.
What other questions would you ask?
Social conflicts of 1968 have broken the trust of the American public in politics and government administration. After American public has learned that government is unable and, sometimes, unwilling to address social conflicts during 1968, what were the chances that new administrations can win this trust back and not to continue that agenda and policies of the old administration? Were there any realistic ways for the administration to address and possibly solve the social conflicts of 1968?
- Select a single primary source document from your previous post (it cannot be a newspaper article). Remember: you’re looking for a document that can tell us something about the role of cultural conflict in the 1968 presidential election.
- Embed the document in a new post, either as an image file or as partial quote, with a link to the original source in the database. Read the following closely.
- Answer the following questions as briefly as possible:
- Who created the artifact?
- When was the artifact created?
- Where was it created?
- Why was the document created?
- Why is the document a primary source?
- How trustworthy is the source?
- What other questions might you ask of the source in order to better understand what it reveals about the events of 1968?
- Then, write (at the end of that post) between 250-500 words that answer the following questions:
- If you were going to be constructing an argument about the relationship between the cultural conflict embodied by the artifact you’re presenting and the 1968 election, what other artifacts would you look for? How might you go about finding them? What other background reading would you need to do? What other questions would you ask?
Due Monday 10/1 by 8am
- Comment on at least two classmates’ posts. Have they successfully completed the assignment? Are you persuaded that they are on a viable path to making a historical argument?
Due Monday 10/1 by 5:50pm
- Read Stephen Brier and Joshua Brown, The September 11 Digital Archive: Saving the Histories of September 11, 2001, Radical History Review, Fall 2011.
Blog Posts Review
- Primary vs. secondary sources
- Categories
- Logistical challenges?
- Conceptual challenges?
- Models
- Sourcing: Think about a document’s author and its creation.
- Contextualizing: Situate the document and its events in time and place.
- Close reading: Carefully consider what the document says and the language used to say it.
- Using Background Knowledge: Use historical information and knowledge to read and understand the document.
- Reading the Silences: Identify what has been left out or is missing from the document by asking questions of its account.
- Corroborating: Ask questions about important details across multiple sources to determine points of agreement and disagreement.
- Ask students how they could proceed with this historical investigation: What questions arise, after careful reading and interpretation of the document? What other primary sources might corroborate or refute this interpretation? Have students discuss their responses in pairs and then share with the class.
- Free write: what is the difference between an “archive” and a “collection”?
- Key Concepts:
- Archive vs. collection
- Provenance
- Original order
- Collective control
- Authenticity
- “Materials created or received by a person, family, or organization, public or private, in the conduct of their affairs and preserved because of the enduring value contained in the information they contain or as evidence of the functions and responsibilities of their creator, especially those materials maintained using the principles of provenance, original order, and collective control.”
[entry-title]
Database: AP Images
source:http://www.apimages.com/Search.aspx?st=k&remem=x&entity=&kw=robert+kennedy&intv=None&shgroup=-10&sh=14
Above is an image of Robert Kennedy meeting with colleagues while he was US attorney general. Years later he ran as a democrat for a presidential seat.
Database: The Wall Street Journal (1889-1994)
Source: http://search.proquest.com/hnpwallstreetjournal/docview/133434913/1395AD39F94679C7D2E/2?accountid=8500
This Wall Street Journal article was published in 1969 and it conveys the ideas and opportunities that we had been deprived of after the passing of Robert F Kennedy. He was a talented politician who many believed would have become president before he was assassinated.
Database: The New York Times (1851-2008)
Source: http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/118473235/1395AC711AF43337AB6/21?accountid=8500
The above article from the New York Times shows a mourning Mrs. Kennedy at the Arlington National Cemetary. This is a good example of the large media coverage and magnitude of the assassination of RFK. At a time in which our country was undergoing great changes and conflict it was a huge loss of a popular candidate.
[entry-title]
“Medical evacuation of United States wounded troops” Image Copyright The Art Archive, Dept Defence Washington
I was able to locate this image through the Art Museum Image Gallery database. The photograph was taken 15 miles south west of Da Nang, Vietnam, on March 17, 1968, by an anonymous source. During this year the conflict in Vietnam seemed to reach a boiling point, with the highest casualty rate seen yet, sky-rocketing defense budgets, and the launch of the Tet Offensive by the Vietcong. The Vietnam War was undoubtedly on the minds of every voter in 1968.
“The All-Purpose Political Speech, 1968” – Copyright New York Times Company Jun 9, 1968, ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2008)
The All-Purpose Political Speech shows how the game of politics was played in the 1968 election. Not much has changed since this time in our own modern political system, however, the article provides much meaningful insight into the minds of political analysts during the 1968 election.
“Planet Of The Apes [1968]” – Copyright 20th CENTURY FOX/The Kobal Collection
This screenshot from the 1968 film Planet of the Apes was located within the Cinema Image Gallery database. Now while you may be wondering, and rightfully so, how this film could possibly tie in to the 1968 Presidential Elections, it may help to take a more examined view of the plot of the film. In a society where humans are helpless against the tyrannical bureaucracy of a ruling elite, apes to be exact, the lower caste must rise above and assert their right to a meaningful existence. Given the context of the 1960’s in America, the role of the humans in the film certainly reflects many of the sentiments echoed through the emerging “anti-establishment” viewpoints of the youth in America.
Democrats Weigh 1968 rights pledge
by Gene Roberts, The New York Times (1851 – 2008)
This article on the New York Times is fundamental because during the 1968 elections, the civil rights movement played a big role in the running for president. As shown in this document, the plan offered would bar delegations from south if Negroes were not included and promise to uphold federal civil rights laws, this sparks cultural conflict in the elections as committee leaders find it “ubnoxious” and “evidence of discrimination”
Ap Images. Credit Associated Press
Photo Taken During Democratic National Convention of 1968, in chicago Illinois.
This photo represents cultural conflict because delegates Delegates hold up signs referring to the VietnamWar, while the democratic party is selecting the presidential candidate for 1968 presidential election. This photo shows the delegates interest to stop the war, and can make an impact in the upcoming elections of 1968.
[entry-title]
I found this image in the apimages.com. This image is taken by a anonymous sources on Wednesday, October 16, 1968, but its copyrighted by Corbis Corporation. This image related itself to the “cultural conflict” of 1968 because it show that racial injustice is still an important issues even after the passing of civil right act in 1964.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medalists in the 200-meter run at the 1968 Olympic Games, engage in a victory stand protest against unfair treatment of blacks in the United States. With heads lowered and black-gloved fists raised in the black power salute, they refuse to recognize the American flag and national anthem. Australian Peter Norman is the silver medalist.(Copyright Bettmann/Corbis / AP Images)
The main point of this source is to get a first hand view at the effect of the Vietnam War. In a interview with Dava Ensell, a widow of a Vietnam veteran whom died in the Vietnam War with Journalist Joanne Kovace in the magazines Off Our Back title, “War Casualty:Gold Star Wife” state
It’s a mistake. I used to be for the war. I thought our country back in the revolution with the British was helped by the French. I figured we were doing the same for the South Vietnamese. But then it dawned on me that these people didn’t want help. They just wanted to be left alone to farm. They didn’t care if it were a democracy or communism. They didn’t care. They weren’t even fighting so why should we have our men killed for nothing. If any part of our mainland were attacked, then I could see war would be justified, like World War Two. But to go thousands of miles away is wrong. Men are getting killed for no reason. In my opinion if the politicians and the big business men, who are making money, would go in there and fight with the ground troops for one day that war would be over the next day. There are no two ways about it. They are keeping their own kids out of it.
This article relate back to the 1968 cultural conflict by exposing the damaging effect of war on a family. This article is published in May 27, 1971 and copyrighted by Off Our Backs, Inc.
“A Personal Memoir:1968, the watershed year” written by Kupchinsky Roman, Published in the Urkainian Weekly on July 27, 2008. Copyrighted by the Ukrainian National Association. In this memoir, Mr. Roman talks about his experience as a US soldier in the Vietnam War and his thinking about the year 1968. This relate back to the 1968 issues because it gave a first person view of parts of 1968.
1968 was the year my generation came of age. “The Year of the Monkey” was the year of dramatic, often hopeless; uprisings, brutal assassinations, riots, strikes and civil disobedience that challenged society’s ironclad beliefs and redefined for the coming generation the meaning of such terms as “democracy,” “socialism” and “national liberation.”
[entry-title]
AP Images
November 06, 1968
Taken by an anonymous photographer in NYC
– Nixon strikes his famous pose as he becomes the 37th President of the United States. Election itself was the epitome of conflict because of extremely small margin of victory by Nixon and a very strong showing by a third-party candidate. The president’s campaign promised to restore law and order in the times of public unrest, hence the double peace signs.
AP Images
August 07, 1968
Taken by an anonymous photographer in Miami
– The Chicago riot of 1968 Democratic Convention has taken away the attention from another riot that happened the same year. Interestingly enough, the Miami race riot happened during the Republican Convention(to attract more attention, no doubt). So why do we hear so little about it compared to the infamous Chicago riot? Perhaps the answer lies in the cause of each of the riots. In Chicago, people(mostly Caucasian) were protesting war, a popular topic at that time. In Miami, people(much fewer, and mostly African -American) were protesting poverty and racism.
AP Images
June 07, 1968
Taken by an anonymous photographer in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, NYC
– This picture, as good and as bad as it gets, gives us a sense of the tumultuous time period. A widow, Coretta Scott King, over the coffin of senator Robert F. Kennedy; same way he once stood over her husband’s coffin. The lost lives of two prominent civil rights activists, a presidential candidate and an iconic clergyman, will forever remain as the great sacrifices in the struggle for true freedom and equality.
This photograph was taken shortly after the 1968 elections at a democratic-society sponsored protest in response to the results. The democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, was the face for an older generation, And was seen as someone who would not be progressive with his policies. The youth were not content with the progress that the country was making in regards to social and racial equality; as well as the war in Vietnam. With nixon and the republicans gaining control of the country, many of the countries youth were fearful that they may never see the country they all envisioned. This picture personifies the youth movement within the country, and their waning away from the values and beliefs previous generations have had.
In corresponding protests across the country this is a NY times article written by Sylvan Fox, about the protests that turned violent in NY. The previous passivity of the white middle class young adult was no longer seeing the desired results, and the movement became more angry in nature. With the liberal youth becoming frustrated with the lack of representation in government, and mor specifically the democratic candidate Hubert Humphrey
THE NATIONAL ELECTIONS AND COMPARATIVE POSITIONS OF NEGROES AND WHITES ON POLICY
South Atlantic Quarterly; Summer1968, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p405-418, 14p
These elections also dramatized the singluarity within the white and black youth movements. Despite being vehementaly against international intervention, when it comes to matters on home soil, they are beginning to find that intervention and conflicts with police is the only way they can seek desired results. This was the foundation for the youth movement and their political alliances that have held weight till this day.
Javits and Burns See Vietnam as Key Issue of 1968
Database: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2008)
This article states that one of the most pressing issues of the 1968 election is the current stand of the parties on the Vietnam War. As many people were opposed to the Vietnam War, it would be interesting to see how, if any, the politician’s stand on the Vietnam War during election time may or may not have played a role as this plays into the candidate’s stand on foreign policies.
Romney speech typifies GOP split on Vietnam
Database: Financial Time: Historical Archive (1888-2008)
The Financial Times (London, England),Thursday, May 11, 1967; pg. 3; Edition 24,230
This is another article talking about the pressing issue of the Vietnam War on the 1968 Elections. In this article, it talks about Governor George Romney, a Michigan favored candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination of 1968.
Vietnam, Political Accountability
Database: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, The Wall Street Journal (1889-1994)
October 12, 1967, pg. 10.
This is yet another article regarding the ongoing issue of the Vietnam War in the 1968 election. This article is interesting because it starts off by stating: “President Johnson, Mr. Bailey avers, is seeking to prevent World War III while ‘most Republicans are busy trying to win the 1968 election any way they can.'”
JSTOR – The American Presidential Election, 1968
This attributes the Vietnam War to many events that led to the Republicans winning the 1968 Presidential Election. Some of them include:
“The failure of the American policy in South East Asia which forced President Johnson to announce his decision not to seek re-election”
The Vietnam War “led a serious split in the Democratic Party and the announcement by Senator McCarthy and Kennedy to seek the party’s presidential nomination on a peace platform”
Hubert Humphrey losing the election largely “on the account of his close identification with the Johnson policy in Vietnam”
Database: American History & Life
In the 1960’s and leading up to the 1968 Presidential Election, communism was a large problem in the U.S. The article, “Make Your Voice Heard” talks about the increase in education for students, specifically in math and science. The United States felt that after the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union, there needed to be an increase in education so that U.S. can try and keep up with the other communist countries. The U.S. also felt there needed to be an increase in the Social Studies and foreign language. This was a time period were there was heavy tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Students were specifically studying “international communism” to make them aware of what is going elsewhere in the world.
Database: New York Times (1851- 2008)
The Vietnam War was among many of the issues during the 60’s. “Vietnam in 1968“, is an article by the NY Times that talks about increase in military by President Johnson in Vietnam and how negotiations are a falso hope. An important point that the article makes is that President Johnson has got the U.S. into a war without going through Congress.
Database: New York State Newspapers
In the article, “Civil Rights Activist Speaks of the 60’s“, LeRoy Glenn Wight, a civil rights activist discusses his experience while taking a bus ride to fight against segregation in the 60’s. The article mentions other activists and their experiences dealing with the era of the civil rights movement.
The Vietnam War, Civil Rights Movement, and Communism are three of many conflicts that were going on in the United States and the world in the 60’s and leading up the 1968 Presidential Election.
At first when I accessed DS106, I had the impression that it was just an website where you can access materials for class like Open Learning Initiative from Carnegie Melon or MyAccountingLab from Pearson. How surprised was I when I finished watching the YouTube video on their About page! Turns out that was not what I thought at all, but it was (to put into simpler terms) an online database where you use digital tools to tell stories!
What I noticed about DS106 is that they do not list an exact guideline for when they come into questions regarding intellectual property, fair use, etc.. However, I feel that they incorporate fair use and intellectual property into their entries without causing trouble to the original owner of the materials because of the nature of their assignments. They edit the materials in such a way that encourages creativity and encourages comments and criticism. This community understands the “Commons” by realizing that their material is open to everyone to see. They are posting in a database whose main purpose is to showcase their creations.
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