YES!
An MIT professor by the name of Skylar Tibbits, has introduced a new dimension into the world of 3D printing.
What is 4D printing exactly and where will it take us in the future?
Since this topic is very new among researchers, not much is known about how this technology will work but it does have some promising practical applications.
The fourth dimension according to professor Skyler Tibbits is time. he claims that soon we will be able to pre-program 3D printed material to have specific encoded knowledge and act as smart objects once produced. He gives an example of metal object which can self assemble into a specific shape. One practical application could be water piping which can contract and expand tor regulate water flow, and conserve scarce water. Some other applications mentioned were related to self assembling furniture, planes, and space equipment.
Professor Skylar is working with Stratasys, a 3D printing company on developing the 4D printer. Stratasys is in communication with NASA about innovating space technology that incorporates smart self assembling technology.
http://www.ted.com/talks/skylar_tibbits_the_emergence_of_4d_printing.html