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• “What Independence Meant for Women Sarah C. Chambers”

Problems in Modern Latin American History : Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood, and Anna Rose Alexander, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baruch/detail.action?docID=5743856.

• ”5.Black Wet Nurses Robert Edgar Conrad”

Problems in Modern Latin American History : Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood, and Anna Rose Alexander, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baruch/detail.action?docID=5743856.

• “Newspaper Advertisements for Black Wet Nurses (1821– 1854)”

Problems in Modern Latin American History : Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood, and Anna Rose Alexander, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baruch/detail.action?docID=5743856.

• Zieber, Anna. “Role of Women in Latin America .” World History, 8 July 2017,https://worldhistory.us/latin-american-history/role-of-women-in-latin-america.php.

• https://www.dreamstime.com/santiago-chile-september-outdoor-view-unidentified-woman-close-to-metallic-cart-selling-food-street-center-city-barrio-image126647164

• Brinkhof, Tim. “Meet the Soldaderas, the Fierce Female Warriors Who Fought in the Mexican Revolution.” All That’s Interesting, All That’s Interesting, 17 Mar. 2021, https://allthatsinteresting.com/soldaderas-mexican-revolution.

• Zieber, Anna. “Role of Women in Latin America .” World History, 8 July 2017, https://worldhistory.us/latin-american-history/role-of-women-in-latin-america.php

• Schmidt, Steffen W. “POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND DEVELOPMENT THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN LATIN AMERICA.” Journal of International Affairs, vol. 30, no. 2, 1976, pp. 243–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24362680.

• Dawson, A. (2022). Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources (3rd ed.). Routledge. 

https://doi-org.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/10.4324/9781003146094

• Poor, Hannah. “The Historical and Contemporary Role of Women in Ecuadorian Society.” Modern Latin America, https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-15-culture-and-society/essays-on-culture-and-society/the-historical-and-contemporary-role-of-women-in-ecuadorian-society/.

• Becker, Marc. “Citizens, Indians, and Women: The Politics of Exclusion in Ecuador.” Thesis. Gettysburg College, 1999. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. 

• Grinnell, Lucinda. “Taking Stock: A Hundred Years after Women’s Suffrage in Latin America.” NACLA, 21 Mar. 2019, https://nacla.org/news/2019/03/27/taking-stock-hundred-years-after-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage-latin-america.

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Dawson, Alexander. “Chapter 7: Power to the People.” In Latin America Since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 3rd ed. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

De La Torre, Carlos. “Velasco Ibarra and ‘La Revolucion Gloriosa’: The Social Production of a Populist Leader in Ecuador in the 1940s.” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 26, no. 3, 1994, pp. 683–711. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/158312.

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Dosal, Paul J. “THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN REVOLUTIONARY GUATEMALA, 1944-1954.” Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue Canadienne Des Études Latino-Américaines et Caraïbes, vol. 15, no. 29, 1990, pp. 17–36. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41799711. 

Grieb, Kenneth J. “The Guatemalan Military and the Revolution of 1944.” The Americas, vol. 32, no. 4, 1976, pp. 524–43. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/979829. 

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Roldán, María. “Doña María Remembers Perón’.” In Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 7-12. 5th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

The Many Faces of a Para-Fascist Culture: Architecture, Politics and Power in Vargas’ Regime (1930–1945) – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/argas-and-Brazilian-youth-such-as-presented-in-The-Booklet-of-Youth-A-Cartilha-da_fig1_328621365

Vargas, Getúlio. “CONSOLIDAÇÃO DAS LEIS DO TRABALHO”. Rio de Janeiro, 1 de maio de 1943

“What Is Perónism?” Modern Latin America, https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-9-argentina/primary-documents-w-accompanying-discussion-questions/what-is-peronism-by-juan-domingo-peron-1948-the-twenty-truths-of-the-peronist-justicialism-juan-domingo-peron-1950/.

Yucatan Times. “Mexican Oil Expropriation Day: March 18, 1938.” The Yucatan Times, 18 March, 2021, https://www.theyucatantimes.com/2021/03/march-18-1938/

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• Rebaza, Claudia, et al. “Peru’s President Impeached and Arrested after He Attempts to Dissolve Congress.” CNN, Cable News Network, 8 Dec. 2022, https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/07/americas/peru-president-castillo-congress-dissolves-intl/index.html.
• Biddle, Lauren. “Corruption in Latin America: Political, Economic, Structural, and Institutional Causes.” Carolina Digital Repository, 1 Aug. 2006, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/cr56n187k.
• Weyland, Kurt Gerhard. “The Politics of Corruption in Latin America.” Journal of Democracy, vol. 9 no. 2, 1998, p. 108-121. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/jod.1998.0034
• “Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pedro-Pablo-Kuczynski.
• Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg | November 10, 2020. “What Just Happened in Peru? Understanding Vizcarra’s Sudden Impeachment.” Americas Quarterly, 12 Nov. 2020, https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/what-just-happened-in-peru-understanding-vizcarras-sudden-impeachment/.

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Dawson, Alexander. Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022.

Crivelli, Camillus. “Miguel Hidalgo.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914. 13 Dec. 2022 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16045a.htm>.

Simon Boliver: Thinker, Liberator, Reformer – Crf-Usa.org. https://www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/simonboliver.pdf.

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Donald E. Worcester; Bernardo O’Higgins and the Independence of Chile. Hispanic American Historical Review 1 November 1969; 49 (4): 765–766. 

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Azevedo Aluísio. Brazilianization. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 147-150. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Burns, E. Bradford, Neocolonial Ideologies. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 133-138. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Dawson, Alexander. Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources. 3^rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022.

De Turner, Clorinda Matto. Torn from the Nest. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 139-144. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Furtado, Celso. Neocolonial Economics. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 267-270. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino. Civilization versus Barbarism. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 138-139. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Stabb, Martin S. The Specter of Degeneration. In Problems in Modern Latin America: Sources and Interpretations, 5^th edition, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 144-147. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

Vasconcelos, José. La Raza Cosmica. In Latin America Since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 3^rd edition, edited by Alexander Dawson, 134-141. New York: Routledge, 2022.

Allende, Salvador. Document 28 “Final Speech.” Brown University Library, 1973 

Allende, Salvador. Speech to the United Nations (excerpts), 1972 

Allende, Salvador. “The Chilean Road to Socialism.” In Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 7-12. 5th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

Blum, William. Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions since World War II. Zed Books, 2014.

Clark, Victor Figueroa. Salvador Allende: Revolutionary Democrat. Pluto Press, 2013.

Dawson, Alexander. Latin America since Independence a History with Primary Sources. Vol. 3, ROUTLEDGE, 2022.

De Onis, Juan. “The World.” The New York Times, 5 Dec.1971.

Kissinger, Henry. The White House, Memorandum for the President from Henry Kissinger, “NSC Meeting, November 6 – Chile,” SECRET, 1970

Power, Margaret. “The 1964 Scare Campaign.” In Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 7-12. 5th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

Stern, J. Steve. “Opening Chile’s Memory Box. “In Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 7-12. 5th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

Winn, Peter. “Chile’s Revolution from Below.” In Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, edited by James A. Wood and Anna Rose Alexander, 7-12. 5th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

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4)https://media.gettyimages.com

5)Christopher Newport University         https://cnu.libguides.com/people1960s/fidelcastro

6)https://cdn.britannica.com/36/66336-050-6B7ABFCB/Jose-Julian-   Marti.jpg

7)https://digitalcollections.library.miami.edu/digital/api/singleitem/image/chc0468/16/default.jpg

8)https://images.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/Fidel_Castro_-_MATS_Terminal_Washington_1959_cropped-768×987.png

9)https://cuba-embargo.procon.org/history-of-the-cuba-embargo/

10)https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/2022-10/soviet-fkr-cruise-missile-deployed-in-cuba.jpg

11)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel_2022-11-22_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel_2022-11-22_%28cropped%29.jpg

Works Cited:

Dawson, Alexander. Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources. 3^rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022.