I found it incredibly difficult to truly understand the meaning behind any one poem fragment. What I did to alleviate the burden of rigorously breaking down the context of all fragments was to dissect ones that I thought could stand alone, but also look at the fragments as a whole.
Seeing the repetitive nature of the referencing of gods and goddesses, as well as nature and music, gives us an understanding of the beliefs and hobbies Sappho may have been interested in.
For example, in the first line her calling on Aphrodite the greek goddess of love, portrays that the rest of the poem would be about matters of love. I did this with some other fragments of Sappho’s writing as well to allow me to have some sort of direction while reading, but had most success with the first fragment.
In the first fragment, calling out to Aphrodite for help shows that Sappho believes in the power of gods and goddesses, and has “now again” reached out to Aphrodite before for her help. She shows her respect for Aphrodite by saying “o blessed one” and references the power and respect for Zeus when saying “left your fathers golden house and came”. She is obviously very respectful and believing in the gods and goddesses, something very common at the time, and the handing off of fate to the gods can be something that can be projected onto the remaining fragments.
I agree with you point that god and goddesses play a huge role in Sappho’s poem. If we can understand the meaning behind the names of the god and goddesses, we could get some ideas behind Sappho’s poem.
For instances: in my first attempt of the reading, I can hardly understand the poem and it is very difficult for me to connect the fragments together. However, in my second attempt of the reading, I paid close attention to the names of god and goddesses. And I could understand some parts of the poem. For example: in the first couple pages, Sappho mentioned Aphrodite and Kyris. Both of them are goddesses of love. Therefore, I can make an educated guess that one of the central themes is about love.