Author: ATAI ISAEV

1. I added a paraphrase and a summary into my paper. I also got rid of footnotes. Put works cited page instead. I also made a mistake of citing the wrong author, so I fixed that too. Fixed my citation to properly reflect that multiple authors have written one of my sources. 
2. Academic integrity is when you properly cite your sources. It’s when you acknowledge when you borrow someone else’s ideas. Not properly citing your sources would be the same as claiming someone’s work as your own. They say that even though the phrase “there’s nothing new under the sun,” and it’s impossible to acknowledge every single thing you’ve been influenced by, you should aim to cite when you directly take someone else’s ideas.

1 There are a lot of bilinguals out there. “It is generally believed that more than half of the world’s population is bilingual”

2 The context for examining how bilingualism affects cognitive ability is functional

neuroplasticity, the study of how experience modifies brain structure and brain function

3 People used to think bilingualism has negative effect on children

4 Bilinguals have smaller vocabulary

5 Bilinguals have better executive control “ Executive control is the set of

cognitive skills based on limited cognitive resources for such functions as inhibition,

switching attention, and working memory”

6 *This paper will examine why 5 is true”

7 “ fluent bilinguals show some measure of activation of both languages and some interaction between them at all times, even in contexts that are entirely driven by only one of the languages“

8 There were studies done about how humans see the world through language

9 It takes brainpower to switch and pick between languages

10 There are studies done about what our brain does when recognizing language

11 Cognitive and linguistic outcomes are related

12 Studies that prove that bilinguals are better at multitasking

13 12 doesn’t only apply to children, but to adults as well

14 Bilinguals have better attention control

15 Benefits of bilingualism may vary depending on age

16 “It appears that bilingual advantages for young adults tend to emerge on tasks or conditions that are difficult”

17 “language switching was accompanied by activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an area known to be part of the general executive control system”

18 Some technical stuff about brain areas

19  In other words, using these cognitive control networks for bilingual language

processing may reconfigure them for other purposes, providing part of the explanation for

the behavioral differences between monolinguals and bilinguals found in nonverbal conflict

tasks. Specifically, the evidence suggests that cognitive control networks may be more

broadly based in bilinguals as a result of their dual function.”

20 Studies that support 19

21 “bilingualism alters functional neural network at the response-selection level (congruent and incongruent trials), but not at the motor execution level (response inhibition no-go trials), a pattern consistent with previous results for both adults and children”

22 “Although bilingualism is a language experience, managing attention to two languages

imposes demands on the cognitive system that require brain regions not typically used for

language processing.”

23 “This evidence suggests that bilingualism is

associated with better maintenance of white matter structures in the course of normal aging”

24 Bilingualism causes better attention control

25 “bilingual advantage in the deployment of attention, enabling them to resist

‘capture’ by irrelevant information; such differences in attentional control may be the

consequence of superior conflict monitoring”

26 “In a sense, the bilingual must constantly

maintain the set of ‘respond in one language, suppress the other language’ whenever the

possibility of two languages exists”

27 “learning to keep two languages separate

leads to an improvement in selecting goal-relevant information from goal-irrelevant

information”

28 “Instead,

the ongoing experience of monitoring two languages, in conjunction with the need to

monitor context, speaker, and other environmental cues while inhibiting attention to the

currently unused but active language modifies how the mind and brain engage in ordinary

conversation for bilinguals”

29 BIlingualism might help prevent dementia

30 There was a study that found that bilinguals on average experience dementia later in life. “bilinguals experienced onset symptoms and were diagnosed approximately 3 – 4 years later than the monolinguals”

31 29 and 30 MIGHT be not 100% proven yet

1. You should learn a foreign language. 1) Studies show that bilingual people have better cognitive abilities 2) Contrary to common belief, your brain doesn’t lose the ability to acquire new languages after you become an adult 3) Knowing more languages gives you access to more contents. Like being able to watch that one new Korean drama that didn’t get subtitled to English yet.4) Even though some people might say learning new languages would become obsolete because of the ever-advancing translating technology, bilingualism would remain relevant as a social tool. 
2. Gallo shows different sides of surveillance: how it can either be beneficial or harmful. He brings up examples of how public surveillance helps youth swimming coaches stay clean. He also talks about how a strong belief in privacy in the nineteenth privacy became a breeding ground for domestic violence against women in households. This is a controversial topic because everyone has very differing opinions. The conclusion to this question would affect everyone’s lives. Depending on how you use surveillance it can bring either good or catastrophic results. 
3. The original sources are quite a bit lengthy and complicated. They give a lot of detail. They also quote other academic articles. Which probably also quote other academic articles. Is there an infinite loop of academic articles quoting each other??? Gallo used his sources to give both sides of the spectrum for and against surveillance. From what I see, Gallo quoted them fairly.

1. If I wanted to detect crap, I would first ask the other person why they think so or where they got this info. If their response seems reliable enough, I think it’s ok to trust. I would also think about what kind of benefit the other person might get from lying to me. Then I would also think about their relationship to the topic. Like if they were on a soccer team, I would be more likely to trust their opinion on soccer. 
2. Checking/googling the publisher of the article/book.
3. Maybe five-paragraph essays. Perhaps it isn’t as important to write in such a structure. I could write more loosely and freely. 
4. Maybe we do not need as much money to be happy. We’ve been contaminated with materialistic capitalist ideas that you need to buy stuff to make yourself happy. Even if you work a minimum wage job in America you make more than most people on Earth. Or like many people, for example, in India don’t live inside a house, but instead sleep outside and they’re perfectly fine. Before Steve Jobs died, he stated that he wished he worked less and spent more time with his family. We will all die one day and on our deathbeds we will all regret that we didn’t do as much stuff as we really wanted to and instead were caught up in the never-ending money-chasing race. I have no qualifications to speak on this topic. As a rebuttal, we actually do need some money to buy food and stuff.

1. Some time ago when I was studying Japanese, I realized I’m pretty bad at reading people’s names. So I searched the Internet and found this website with 5,000 most common Japanese last names and went down it trying to remember the readings. I only went down to a 1,000 and then something happened with the website and it disappeared. I couldn’t find a similar website, but after the first 1,000 I got a good grasp and now I can read names (*｀▼´*)b
2. One thought that kept me from sleeping a couple of days ago was: “What kind of YouTube videos does Putin watch on his phone?” All the rich and influential people have smartphones for sure and they must be using them, so they must be watching the same stupid stuff that gets recommended me.
   Why do super rich people like Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, etc continue working so hard, even though there is really no way they could spend all their money until they die? I bet playing video games, chatting crap with your mates, just doing some hobby, or spending time with your family is way more enjoyable than working that hard.
   From the standpoint of biology, why do humans feel boredom? What evolutionary advantage did it have?
3. I learned that some people still go to libraries to research stuff. I learned how to use keyword search for online resources like JSTOR. I learned that you could use personal experience as evidence for writing. I learned that some teachers and institutions trust Wikipedia now. I learned that many school libraries give students free access to JSTOR and other online sources. This stuff is important because it might come in handy for the 3rd major project of this class.

Yablonovskiy’s parents and grandparents moved to America in 1997. They moved to a neighborhood in South Brooklyn called Sheepshead Bay (also sometimes referred to as “Little Odessa”). His ancestors were Ukrainian Jews that fled due to persecution.  During the war time his granddad was relocated to Central Asia and then helped the war effort. Yablonovskiy’s parents wanted to share Russian culture and ideals with him. So he grew up watching a cartoon called “Nu Pogodi,” which was essentially a USSR version of Tom and Jerry with propaganda (according to Yablonovsskiy). “Nu Pogodi!” portrayed life in the Soviet Union as very rich and full of culture, which was meant to promote communist ideas.

 

I also live in Sheepshead Bay (the area near here is still referred to “Little Odessa”). I also watched “Nu Pogodi!” a lot as a child, but I didn’t notice as much propaganda as Yablonovskiy claims. His point about the cartoon portraying Soviet life as very rich to promote communism is correct, but that’s about it. I don’t think there is really anything more to it than that. It’s mostly just slapstick comedy. Fun fact: the the show only had about 10~20 episodes as it was canceled at some point (many people speculate that it was due to portraying Volk and Zaiyats cross-dressing on multiple occasions, which alluded to homosexuality which was a big no-no). Also his point about Soviet “Vinni Pukh” being a rip-off of American “Winnie the Pooh” is completely invalid as the Soviet one came out earlier (1969) than the American one (1977). Overall, Yablonovskiy’s argument was really a stretch, but the things he talked about hit very close to my heart and were very nostalgic.

1. a) Asian Americans are misrepresented in the American media.
   b) American media don’t give Asian American people justice.
   c) TV racist
2. This is a controversial issue because Asian Americans have been part of American society for a long time, but the harmful stereotypes still remain. The American public doesn’t allow Asian Americans to assimilate.
3. The point where he mentions the history of mining and railroad works is a really strong point. They really showed that Asian Americans have been part of the American public for a long time and that they have their part in American history. 
4. Maybe people shouldn’t try to assimilate with each other. Maybe we should just acknowledge that people and cultures are different, so we shouldn’t try to desperately throw away our identities and become like each other. Maybe all we have to do is learn to respect our differences.
   Also stop saying “Asian Americans” when you only talk about Chinese Americans. Every time you say “Asian Americans” when exclusively referring to Chinese Americans, people from Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Cyprus, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Yemen cry. 
5. What the Crazy Rich Asians movie thing was about. I’ve heard the name so many times a couple of years ago, but I didn’t even know anything about it past the title.