English 2100 x 90: Fall 2020

Women’s Studies: Feminism and Bodily Autonomy

Course description: In this course we will study and understand the in depth analysis of how it is that women throughout history and in current times have faced a loss over their own bodies. Studying and understanding feminist texts and authors looking at the way which institutions  and societal constructs have had an impact on controlling female bodies. Looking at the way which feminists and organizations have rallied and fought against those institutions. 

 

Readings:

    • Constructive Feminism: Women’s Spaces and Women’s Rights in the American City by Daphne Spain

 

  • Conflicting Contraceptive Norms for Men: Equal Responsibility versus Women’s Bodily Autonomy by James-Hawkins, Laurie
  • Making Sense of a Changed Physical Body: Why Gender Matters at End of Life by Hilário, Ana Patrícia

 

 

GRADING:

Attendance: 5%

 

Homework: 20%

 

Papers: 65%

 

Project: 10%

 

 

A Legacy of Incoherence

Kobe Bryant, an icon and superstar idolized by millions in the golden view of American sports. The family man that loved to inspire on and off the court. His death was something that made his status as a hero turn into more of a legend, with billions across the world etching his name into their hearts and minds in this glory filled perspective. Yet other perspectives that are overthrown by his alleged “greatness,” remain present. The past of those great people never escape their trails to stardom, and at times can taint the legacy.  His negligence, his arrogance, his malicious disregard, these are not what highlights his career and what people remember him by. The story of how he raped and violated a woman, facing these charges, only for her to be scrutinized for years, and for the case to drop to not ruin ‘the moment.’ This feeds into the disgusting mentality which disregards women for the sole purpose of allowing for a mans career to stay in tact. This prioritization and visceral culture which idolizes and creates legacies out of extremely flawed humans, that sometimes are even more evil than us is self destructive.

It puts us at a point of self reflection. We idolized this man who pushed the limits of basketball, and loved his daughters more than anything. Advertised to the world as an amazing father and advocate for woman, yet he himself hurt a woman. He tries to run from his disgustingly harmful past self, yet in doing so disregards the life which he ruined in the first place, all for a career. We prioritize careers, reputations and image over lives, and the legacies of our ideals show this incoherence.

Finances in Soccer

Is FFP (Financial Fair Play) as fair as it claims to be?

The role of finances in soccer is becoming more prevalent and influential than ever before. In recent years we have seen transfer fees for players rise to insurmountable sums and wealthy clubs grow wealthier, creating a greater divide between them and their poorer counterparts. This raises the question whether those smaller clubs will ever be able to reach the same level with the constraints which FFP imposes on them. Some can argue that FFP’s regulations are just and put all clubs on an equal playing field, and then there are some who argue that FFP allows and enables the bigger clubs to exploit the system to their advantage. Through my research paper I would like to shed light on both claims and eventually find where I stand on this issue.

The only doubt or worry that I have in regards to researching this topic is that there might be more sources and evidence defending the negatives of FFP than ones which support FFP.

Media, Political Polarization and Moral Filters in America

Does the media make politics in the USA seem more tribalist than it really is, and if so would/does this have a noticeable effect on morality in our society?

I’m about 76% sure that this is what I’m going to write my paper about, so it may be subject to change, but I will go ahead and use it in this blog post. I’ve been looking into whether or not the media’s (social media as well as articles and cable TV) portrayal of a massive left/right divide is an accurate reflection of reality. Additionally, I hope to use this to dig deeper into how American politics is a perfect manifestation of how cultural and even evolutionary impressions of morality are formed in variable permutations within society.

This research question comes from some interesting topics of normative morality we’ve been talking about in anthropology, as well as personal questions I’ve developed lately about politics and social media. When I looked up if media polarized politics more than it naturally would be, I actually got a lot of specific results back from studies done by Berkeley and even a book written by Ezra Klein from Vox. I think that I can accommodate these resources with anthropological and psychological studies we’ve been skimming the surface of in Anthro. I also think I have an adequate capacity for remaining objective politically for this sake so my research can be made accordingly.

 

 

Seen and Not Heard: The Implications of Black Voices in Civic Engagement

I can distinctly remember my first time entering a court house for Jury Duty. It was a cold January morning, and while my only day off from a 6-day work week, I could hardly contain the excitement of participating in civic duty. After a long few hours of standing in lines that stretched outside the courthouse, weaving through a series of metal detectors, and being seated in a ballroom-sized courthouse, the court was finally ready to starting categorizing jury groups. However, before the judge could begin, she asked that all prior felons stand up, and in a single file, walk towards an unidentified room behind the court.

While the court may have perceived this course of action as state-mandated procedure, what I saw was 10 non-white felons lined up in a single-file formation exiting the courtroom into an unknown room beyond. I was immediately flooded with images of National Geographic’s hit series Lockup, a show where Black Criminals are routinely led out of courtrooms in a similar manner, moving towards the genesis of a lengthy stay in prison, that lay beyond the courtroom. On a side note, this show was produced for the sole purpose of catering to “ghetto-gawking” white audiences who desired weekly dosages of “poverty-porn”.

Whatever the implications of this “other room” was, one thing was true, in that each of the 10 felons were A) citizens and B) taxpayers. Expanding on this point, all 10 felons who now had to experience civic engagement in a “separate but equal” room, had all paid for me, a white male, to attend college on the state’s dime, as well as for the many police precincts, state-run prisons, and legislative initiatives that seek to discriminate against minority populations. The resounding truth is that the state promotes unilateral civic engagement on April 15th, but not on the days in which a Black or Brown individual is called upon to interject his/her/their voice into the kind of discourse that shapes the future of our society, and especially not on the first Tuesday of November.

Despite this truth, the greater implications lie within the insecurity of our courts, laws, and social infrastructures as a whole.  Insecurity has a long history of facilitating segregation in our post-enslavement society. When slavery was abolished, white elites had a problem on their hands, in how they would be best able to stay in power, while rationalizing marginalized populations, who suddenly had a plethora of rights not recognized beforehand.  While black society became increasingly politically collective during the era of reconstruction, and increasingly intellectually collective during periods such as The Harlem Renaissance, white society looked to counteract an emergence of this collective thinking, with cunning techniques to subdue voices of color. Many of these techniques are rebranded as institutionalization tactics, that equate criminality with race, seeking to utilize our prison’s and courtrooms as markers of race, in an age where we are no longer permitted to openly discuss race. As Michelle Alexander States in The New Jim Crow, “we have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.” What was once black bodies endlessly toiling on white owned plantations, was reframed as white and black water fountains, and is now reframed as white and black spaces for civic engagement.

Backtracking to the Brooklyn Supreme Court, the same insecurity that white-society once had with the impending emancipation of 1865, and with the civil rights movement to follow only a 100 years later, is the same insecurity that separated and silenced the voices of the 10 felons on that cold January morning only 10 months ago. My last thought is this: Our neoliberal, white-washed society treats Black and Brown citizens in a similar manner to children, where they are to be seen, in our state budgets via tax payments,  and in our state-run prisons through aggressive criminalization, but are never to be heard, especially when it comes to census-taking, voting, and serving on jury.

Spider-Verse

A published review of my artifact was found on the Robert Ebert website, which is an article entitled “Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse” by Christy Lemire. In her review of the film, Lemire notes that the film’s comic book imagery creates a “wonderfully tippy, dreamlike quality about it”. Reading this portion of the review aligns with what I thought when various comic book elements were incorporated within the film. She also discusses how the filmmakers breathed new life into a comic book movie. This resonates with my belief that this film is a completely new take on super hero films. In making this point, Lemire mentioned that there are handful of Marvel films released every year and that there is no shortage of Spider-Man films. Reading this part of the critique made me think of how the different types of Spider-Man and references of previous films are seen throughout the movie.
In this article, the author also described the film as “dizzying”. When watching the film, I must admit that I did not find it dizzy at all. While it was confusing at times to keep track of what was going on, the entertainment of the film kept me hooked to the screen. An interesting point that stood out to me in this critique was when Lemire wrote, “And we come to care about them because they’re not cogs in a massive machinery where the fate of the entire universe hangs in the balance, as is so often the case in behemoth comic-book blockbusters.” Reading this reminded me why I stopped watching comic book movies in the first place, they are far too predictable, but that is not the case in this film.

Critic Analysis

A view that Armond White had from National Review on “Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse” had on the movie was the fact that Mile Morales, or Spider Man, “damages self-awareness and judgement and distorts individuality” of Black youth. Throughout the movie, Miles would make irrational decisions where he would stubbornly prioritize his personal needs over the safety of the world . This would be shown in instances where he broke the “goober” while attempting to glide off a building and again later, where he needlessly endangers his mentor in helping him to access another one of these devices. Miles also throughout the movie attempts to fit in with his environment whether in school or being Spider-Man. Because of this, it can be said that the individuality he is supposed to represent in being a minority and a teenager is lost through this journey. While Mile’s questionable morals and lack of individuality hold some merit, the overarching goal of Black representation and aspirations in my opinion, shadow this. One of the important lessons Armond misses is the scene and lesson in the movie that directly says, anyone can wear the suit. Audiences especially Black youth can reflect this in their own lives where you don’t have to necessarily be a superhero or model from a movie to see this growth. It is especially important during these times when most actors and actresses are indeed not Black and do not have to deal with lack of assimilation that they too can wear the cape. As you can see, this lesson of self strength or being self reliable is one Black youth from all over the world need, when facing the challenges of the cruel dangerous world today.

Review:

https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/12/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-movie-review-political-deceptions/

“This is America”

“This Is America” is a rap song by Childish Gambino that tries to inform everyone about problems going on in the world today. The main event that he is trying to inform the audience about is slavery and all types of discrimination against Blacks. The music video provides multiple situations where people are too busy looking at their phones and they don’t pay attention to all the crime and wrong doings of the world. The issues he portrays are social injustice, religious hatred and overall crime levels all over the world. One of his first movements he makes is at :53 when he shoots a Black man and poses as Jim Crow. The Jim Crow laws were segregation laws against Blacks and Childish Gambino shows how awful they really were by comparing them to a Black man being shot. He is hoping to bring awareness to an issue that has been going on for years and needs to stop. At 1:46 he also demonstrates Religious hate. The church choir is singing and out of nowhere he takes out a gun and kills all of them. The choir hasn’t done anything harmful, but people want to kill them just because of their beliefs.He is trying to show all the unnecessary religious hate and does an amazing job of delivering it. At 2:29 he shows people sitting on their phones. Right before that, you can see a bunch of awful things happening in the video and these people seem oblivious to all that is going on. He tries to show the importance of knowing what is going on in the world and that not being informed is a huge part of the problem. Throughout the video there are multiple cop cars on fire and there are always people running from something or fighting. He provides very gruesome scenes of people getting shot and even someone commiting suicide. (2:12) The crime rates in the world are very high and Childish Gambino tries to bring awareness to that. Another interesting part of the video is that the whole time Childish Gambino is wearing the military pants for the confederate army. This is where he tries to inform the audience about slavery. He specifically wears confederate pants because the south was where slavery occured. He performs all the shootings while wearing these pants to give a comparison to how bad slavery really was. The last 30 seconds of the music video show Childish Gambino running from something. The background is dark and the audience can’t really see what he is running from. He is trying to show that Black men are always running from something and never feel safe. There is so much more about this video that the audience can learn from. He does an amazing job of getting the audience’s attention and Informing them about some of the biggest problems in today’s world. 

The Grammar of Police Shootings

If Soldier hypothetically wrote, “everything is in the language we do NOT use”, it would be more applicable to real life; specifically the news stories about the tragic events that we read. Balko’s piece on how reports regarding police brutality differed from the written police reports. Clearly, the police department does not want to hold their own officers accountable for their actions when writing their reports. If they were to be truthful, it would be up to them to carry out the investigation of their own officer. To avoid that, they use a specific language that is language is unclear and written in a completely false perspective (that leaves out key details) that will make the officer seem innocent. In the specific report written in Balko’s article, we can tell that the police report was leaving off many important details. For example, it didn’t include the age of the male “suspect” or the fact that there was a dog present in this situation. The American police system was created to protect their own above anyone else, which completely defeats the purpose of having police as our “protectors”.

“38”

My thoughts about the poem changed drastically from the start to the end. At first, I thought the entire style of the poem was based on a regular news article (since it was a historical topic). However, as the poem progressed, I noticed that there was more to the style, such as the rhythm that the poet spoke in. The lines were also spoken in such a clean and short manner. Soldier’s use of punctuation, italicization, and parentheses were chosen carefully in order to give each line depth. The phrase “everything is in the language that we use” is a clear theme throughout the entire poem. It was first brought up in the beginning when she dictates the rules of writing that she will follow. She states, “Here, the sentence will be respected.” This is to contrast with the fact that the treaty America drew up for the Dakotas was not respected. The theme is further developed when talking about the film Lincoln, “The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation was included in the film Lincoln; the hanging of the Dakota 38 was not.” Lincoln was always considered a honest and noble man, because of the language used to depict him. If the hanging of the Dakota 38 wasn’t ignored, Lincoln would have been viewed in a different light; an accurate one. She also states, “The word Minnesota comes from mni, which means water; and sota, which means turbid.” This line really stood out to me because it was showing that every word the Dakota Nation created had a specific meaning. Finally, she wrote about a trader who said that the Dakota’s should just eat grass if they were hungry. “When Myrick’s body was found, his mouth was stuffed with grass.” This ties in to the theme because this scene showed his mouth stuffed with the words he used. Overall, this was a really interesting poem to listen to and it taught me about another event erased from our history textbooks.